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da Silva Barbirato D, Fogacci MF, Guimarães TC, de Carvalho DP, Rurr JC, Takiya CM, Scharfstein J, da Costa Leitão AA. Protective effect of Chromobacterium violaceum and violacein against bone resorption by periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2175-2186. [PMID: 36809354 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of Chromobacterium violaceum and violacein against periodontitis, in experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind experimental study on the exposure to C. violaceum or violacein in experimentally ligature-induced periodontitis, as preventive factors against alveolar bone loss by periodontitis. Bone resorption was assessed by morphometry. Antibacterial potential of violacein was assessed in an in vitro assay. Its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated using the Ames test and SOS Chromotest assay, respectively. RESULTS The potential of C. violaceum to prevent/limit bone resorption by periodontitis was confirmed. Daily exposure to 106 cells/ml in water intake since birth and only during the first 30 days of life significantly reduced bone loss from periodontitis in teeth with ligature. Violacein extracted from C. violaceum was efficient in inhibiting or limiting bone resorption and had a bactericidal effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis in the in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that C. violaceum and violacein have the potential to prevent or limit the progression of periodontal diseases, in an experimental model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effect of an environmental microorganism with potential action against bone loss in animal models with ligature-induced periodontitis represents the possibility of understanding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases in populations exposed to C. violaceum and the possibility of new probiotics and antimicrobials. This would imply new preventive and therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi da Silva Barbirato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology - Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, G1-003, Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Fampa Fogacci
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Taísa Coelho Guimarães
- Department of Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology Doris Rosenthal - Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janine Cardoso Rurr
- Laboratory of Radiation in Biology - Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology - Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Augusto da Costa Leitão
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology - Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, G1-003, Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Yildiz Telatar G, Gürlek B, Telatar BC. Periodontal and caries status in unexplained female infertility: A case-control study. J Periodontol 2021; 92:446-454. [PMID: 33331005 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between maternal periodontal disease and dental caries that affect oral health and unexplained infertility. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 50 fertile women and 50 women with unexplained infertility aged 21 to 39 years. Dental and periodontal parameters were examined to evaluate the oral health of the participants. According to the new periodontal disease classification, periodontitis severity was determined. RESULTS In infertile women, the number of advanced caries lesions, the percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher (P < 0.05). The DMFT and mean plaque index (PI) were not statistically different between the two groups. The PISA and PESA values were higher in women with unexplained infertility than in fertile women (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). In multivariate analysis showed that association of DMFT and BOP variables with periodontitis was found to be significant for all women included in the study and for infertile women only (P = 0.000 and P = 0.012 for DMFT, respectively; P = 0.000 and P = 0.016 for BOP, respectively). CONCLUSION The chronic inflammatory environment caused by periodontitis and advanced carious lesions in women with unexplained infertility should be of great concern as it may have a role in the etiology of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Yildiz Telatar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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Figuero E, Han YW, Furuichi Y. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:175-188. [PMID: 32385886 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) have been defined as (a) pre-term birth, when there is a delivery before 37 completed weeks (<259 days); (b) pre-eclampsia, which is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterized by maternal hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th gestational week; (c) low and very low birthweight, depending on whether the weight of the baby is less of 2500 g or <1500 g and (d) the spontaneous death of the fetus with <20 weeks (miscarriage) or between 20 and 36 weeks (stillbirth). In 2012, during the Consensus Report from the Joint EFP/AAP workshop on periodontitis and systematic diseases the role of periodontal diseases on APOs was reviewed. Some years later, this evidence has grown, and an update on the literature regarding the mechanisms related to this potential association (APOs and periodontal diseases) needs to be presented. The two major pathways (direct and indirect) already accepted in 2012 are still valid nowadays. Most evidence published in the last 5 years deals with a strong and solid evidence coming from the direct pathway while there is as scarce new evidence regarding indirect pathway. In this direct pathway, the haematological dissemination of oral microorganisms and their products, would later induce an inflammatory/Immune response in the foetal-placental unit. The most plausible route for this direct pathway is the hematogenous transmission through dental bacteremia, although not many new studies dealing with bacteremia has been performed lately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yiping W Han
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, OB&GYN, Medical Sciences (Oncology), College of Dental Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology & Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences, University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Pessolano LG, Kramer CD, Simas A, Weinberg EO, Genco CA, Schreiber BM. Periodontal Disease and Birth Outcomes: Are We Missing Something? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-020-00255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fischer LA, Demerath E, Bittner-Eddy P, Costalonga M. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens: the potential missing link. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:383-392.e3. [PMID: 31051120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies demonstrate that women with severe periodontitis have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight. Standard treatment for periodontitis in the form of scaling and root planing during the second trimester failed to reduce the risk of preterm or low birthweight. It is premature to dismiss the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes because one explanation for the failure of scaling and root planing to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is that periodontal pathogens spread to the placental tissue prior to periodontal treatment. In the placenta, orally derived organisms could cause direct tissue damage or mediate a maternal immune response that impairs the growth of the developing fetus. Sequencing studies demonstrate the presence of organisms derived from the oral microbiome in the placenta, but DNA-based sequencing studies should not be the only technique to evaluate the placental microbiome because they may not detect important shifts in the metabolic capability of the microbiome. In humans, polymerase chain reaction and histology have detected periodontal pathogens in placental tissue in association with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conclude that both placental and oral microbiomes may play a role in periodontitis-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the measure to determine the association between periodontal pathogens in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes should be the amount and prevalence, not the mere presence of such microorganisms. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens thus potentially represents the missing link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Komine-Aizawa S, Aizawa S, Hayakawa S. Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 45:5-12. [PMID: 30094895 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From last decade of the 20th century, numerous epidemiological studies and intervention trials have attempted to prove the relationships between maternal periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Periodontal diseases are considered a risk factor for APO, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birthweight, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the efficacy of periodontal treatment during pregnancy is controversial. Two pathogenic mechanisms might explain the potential effect of periodontal diseases on pregnancy outcomes. First, periodontal bacteria originating in the gingival biofilm directly affect the feto-placental unit subsequent to bacteremia. Second, inflammatory mediators secreted by the subgingival inflammatory site are carried to the feto-placental unit, where they then cause an inflammatory response. To elucidate these mechanisms, many researchers have been investigating the use of experimental animal models and in vitro models. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between periodontal diseases and APO from epidemiological studies, animal models studies and in vitro studies, and speculate on the possible mechanism of periodontal diseases affecting pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohichi Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, JCHO Yokohama Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Fogacci MF, Cardoso EDOC, Barbirato DDS, de Carvalho DP, Sansone C. No association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: a case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:71-76. [PMID: 29022077 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis in pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes by heeding confounding risk factors for preterm low birth weight infants. METHODS This study was reported according to The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement. A case-control study was conducted. Medical records of all pregnant women attending a prenatal care clinic were screened. Those between 21 and 34 years and gestational age of 28-32 weeks were initially enrolled in the study. The exclusion criteria were then applied: diabetes mellitus, genitourinary tract infections, or HIV infection; previous multiple gestations; previous preterm birth/low birth weight infants; in vitro fertilization procedures; placental, cervical/uterine abnormalities; history of infertility; history of drug abuse; and any medical conditions that required antibiotics prophylaxis. Patients' anthropometric, demographic, and behavioral characteristics were collected. The periodontal clinical parameters were obtained from six sites per tooth: clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, dental plaque index, and gingival bleeding index. Women were then allocated into two groups: mothers of preterm and/or low birth weight newborns (cases) and mothers of full-term and normal birth weight newborns (controls). RESULTS Periodontal clinical parameters were analyzed and reported separately for each group, and no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that periodontal clinical parameters were not associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION(S) After controlling for confounding factors, our results suggest that maternal periodontal disease is not a risk factor associated with preterm low birth weight infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fampa Fogacci
- Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer Laboratory of Environmental Biogeochemistry, Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR 364, km 9, 5, Acre Direction, Porto Velho, Rondônia, CEP 76800-000, Brazil.
| | - Elaine de O C Cardoso
- Division of Graduate Periodontics, Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Davi da S Barbirato
- Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer Laboratory of Environmental Biogeochemistry, Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR 364, km 9, 5, Acre Direction, Porto Velho, Rondônia, CEP 76800-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Graduate Periodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ren H, Du M. Role of Maternal Periodontitis in Preterm Birth. Front Immunol 2017; 8:139. [PMID: 28243243 PMCID: PMC5303728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, many studies have focused on whether periodontitis is a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). However, both epidemiological investigation and intervention trials have reached contradictory results from different studies. What explains the different findings, and how should future studies be conducted to better assess this risk factor? This article reviews recent epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies as well as intervention trials that evaluate the link between periodontitis and PTB. Periodontitis may act as a distant reservoir of microbes and inflammatory mediators and contribute to the induction of PTB. Animal studies revealed that maternal infections with periodontal pathogens increase levels of circulating IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α and induce PTB. In vitro models showed that periodontal pathogens/byproducts induce COX-2, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion and/or apoptosis in placental tissues/cells. The effectiveness of periodontal treatment to prevent PTB is influenced by the diagnostic criteria of periodontitis, microbial community composition, severity of periodontitis, treatment strategy, treatment efficiency, and the period of treatment during pregnancy. Although intervention trials reported contradictory results, oral health maintenance is an important part of preventive care that is both effective and safe throughout pregnancy and should be supported before and during pregnancy. As contradictory epidemiological and intervention studies continue to be published, two new ideas are proposed here: (1) severe and/or generalized periodontitis promotes PTB and (2) periodontitis only promotes PTB for pregnant women who are young or HIV-infected or have preeclampsia, pre-pregnancy obesity, or susceptible genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ren
- MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Minquan Du
- MOST KLOS and KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Fogacci MF, da Silva Barbirato D, Rodrigues MO, da Silva Furtado Amaral C, Carvalho DP. Periodontitis and Infertility: An Evidence-Based Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17352/gjfr.000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to 1880–1900 MHz DECT base radiation on development in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:248-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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