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Kalluri AL, Jiang K, Abu-Bonsrah N, Ammar A, Reynolds R, Alomari S, Odonkor MN, Bhimreddy M, Ram N, Robinson S, Akbari SHA, Groves ML. Socioeconomic characteristics and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing prenatal vs. postnatal repair of myelomeningoceles. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1177-1184. [PMID: 38133684 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate differences in sociodemographic characteristics and short-term outcomes between patients undergoing prenatal versus postnatal myelomeningocele repair. METHODS Patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair at our institution were stratified based on prenatal or postnatal timing of repair. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify whether prenatal repair was a predictor of outcomes independent of socioeconomic measures. RESULTS 49 patients underwent postnatal repair, and 30 underwent prenatal repair. Patients who underwent prenatal repair were more likely to have private insurance (73.3% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.03) and live farther from the hospital where they received their repair (251.5 ± 447.4 vs. 72.5 ± 205.6 miles, p = 0.02). Patients who underwent prenatal repair had shorter hospital stays (14.3 ± 22.7 days vs. 25.3 ± 20.1 days, p = 0.03), fewer complications (13.8% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.01), fewer 30-day ED visits (0.0% vs. 34.0%, p < 0.001), lower CSF diversion rates (13.8% vs. 38.8%, p = 0.02), and better functional status at 3-months (13.3% vs. 57.1% delayed, p = 0.009), 6-months (20.0% vs. 56.7% delayed, p = 0.03), and 1-year (29.4% vs. 70.6% delayed, p = 0.007). On multivariate analysis, prenatal repair was an independent predictor of inpatient complication (OR(95%CI): 0.19(0.05-0.75), p = 0.02) and 3-month (OR(95%CI): 0.14(0.03-0.80) p = 0.03), 6-month (OR(95%CI): 0.12(0.02-0.73), p = 0.02), and 1-year (OR(95%CI): 0.19(0.05-0.80), p = 0.02) functional status. CONCLUSION Prenatal repair for myelomeningocele is associated with better outcomes and developmental functional status. However, patients receiving prenatal closure are more likely to have private health insurance and live farther from the hospital, suggesting potential barriers to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Kalluri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kelly Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Adam Ammar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rebecca Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michelle N Odonkor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Meghana Bhimreddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Natasha Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Syed Hassan A Akbari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mari L Groves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Shlobin NA, Kolcun JPG, Leland BD, Ackerman LL, Lam SK, Raskin JS. Disability or Death: A Focused Review of Informed Consent in Pediatric Neurosurgery. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 45:101030. [PMID: 37003629 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The management of pediatric neurosurgical disease often requires families to choose between long-term disability and premature death. This decision-making is codified by informed consent. In practice, decision-making is heavily weighted toward intervening to prevent death, often with less consideration of the realities of long-term disability. We analyze long-term disability in pediatric neurosurgical disease from the perspectives of patients, families, and society. We then present a pragmatic framework and conversational approach for addressing informed consent discussions when the outcome is expected to be death or disability. We performed a focused review of literature regarding informed consent in pediatric neurosurgery by searching PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms including "pediatric neurosurgery," "informed consent," and "disability." The literature was focused on patients with diagnoses including spina bifida, neuro-oncology, trauma, and hydrocephalus. Patient perspective elements were physical/mental disability, lack of autonomy, and role in community/society. The family perspective involves caregiver burden, emotional toll, and financial impact. Societal considerations include the availability of public resources for disabled children, large-scale financial cost, and impacts on global health. Practical conversational steps with patients/caregivers include opening the discussion, information provision and acknowledgement of uncertainty, assessment of understanding and clarifying questions, decision-making, and decision maintenance, all while remaining sensitive to the emotional burden commensurate with these decisions. The "death or disability" paradigm represents a common challenge to informed consent in pediatric neurosurgery. Patient, family, and societal factors that inform surrogate decisions vary and sometimes conflict. Pediatric neurosurgeons must use a comprehensive approach to address the informational and relational needs of caregivers during the informed consent process.
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Flewelling KD, Wengryn DM, Buchanan CL, Beltran GP, Vemulakonda VM, Hecht SL. Unexpected challenges faced by caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:502.e1-502.e9. [PMID: 35810140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of the neurogenic bladder is variable, complex, and often requires a demanding bladder care regimen which may present caregiver burdens that are unique among chronic disease. While research into patient quality of life is increasing, parallel study of the caregiver experience is scant. Existing research primarily comprises survey data using validated instruments originally developed for non-urologic conditions, such as dementia. These surveys may detect high caregiver burden and decreased quality of life amongst caregivers but are limited in their ability to understand the underlying causes. OBJECTIVE To characterize the experience of those caring for children with neurogenic bladders, with a focus on unexpected burdens and challenges. METHODS In light of limited existing research, a qualitative research methodology was selected to explore the caregiver experience. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder, all of whom were patients in the pediatric urology department of a single tertiary pediatric referral center. Purposive sampling was used to ensure diverse representation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and professionally translated if needed. Transcripts were analyzed using a team-based inductive grounded-theory approach, facilitated by ATLAS. ti software. Member-checking focus groups were held to validate the results. RESULTS Twenty-five caregivers were interviewed (20 in English, 5 in Spanish), at which point thematic saturation was reached. Three primary themes emerged surrounding the topic of unexpected challenges: 1. High caregiver burden, 2. Challenges with catheterization and supplies, 3. Urinary tract infections. Member-checking focus groups validated the thematic analysis and provided additional insights into mitigating factors for these challenges. A child's independence with his or her health care regimen was cited as particularly important for decreasing caregiver burden. DISCUSSION Caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder report their role is more difficult than they anticipated it would be. Catheterization represents a particularly burdensome task, and recurrent infections are an unexpected and persistent medical challenge. Understanding unexpected challenges that caregivers face will help pediatric urologists target modifiable factors to decrease caregiver burden, address current gaps in counseling and expectation-setting, and set the stage for more complete shared decision-making. CONCLUSIONS This study represents an initial qualitative characterization of the experience caring for a child with neurogenic bladder. This is a key first step in understanding how caregivers make decisions for their children and their families. This initial study is foundational to a larger project to create a decision aid for caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassie D Flewelling
- Department of Behavioral Health, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Derek M Wengryn
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cindy L Buchanan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gemma P Beltran
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijaya M Vemulakonda
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah L Hecht
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Hendriks S, Grady C, Wasserman D, Wendler D, Bianchi DW, Berkman B. A new ethical framework to determine acceptable risks in fetal therapy trials. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:962-969. [PMID: 35506484 PMCID: PMC10134777 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal therapy trials pose complex ethical challenges because risks and benefits to both fetuses and pregnant persons must be considered. Existing regulatory guidance is limited and many proposed ethical frameworks have unnecessarily restrictive criteria that would block the development and implementation of important new fetal therapies. We aimed to develop a new ethical framework for assessing the risks and benefits of fetal therapy trials. METHODS We reviewed existing regulatory and ethical guidance on fetal therapy trials. We used conceptual analysis to design a new ethical framework, which is grounded in general ethical principles for clinical research. RESULTS We propose a new framework for assessing the risks and benefits of fetal therapy trials. We suggest that the potential benefits of a fetal therapy trial - for the fetus, the pregnant person, and society - should outweigh the risks for the fetus and the pregnant person. Furthermore, the risk-benefit profile for just the fetus and the risk-benefit profile for just the pregnant person should be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS We hope that this new framework will permit important studies while protecting pregnant persons and fetuses from disproportionate harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hendriks
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Grady
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Wasserman
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Wendler
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Berkman
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Hendriks S, Grady C, Wasserman D, Wendler D, Bianchi DW, Berkman B. A New Ethical Framework for Assessing the Unique Challenges of Fetal Therapy Trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2022; 22:45-61. [PMID: 33455521 PMCID: PMC8530458 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1867932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
New fetal therapies offer important prospects for improving health. However, having to consider both the fetus and the pregnant woman makes the risk-benefit analysis of fetal therapy trials challenging. Regulatory guidance is limited, and proposed ethical frameworks are overly restrictive or permissive. We propose a new ethical framework for fetal therapy research. First, we argue that considering only biomedical benefits fails to capture all relevant interests. Thus, we endorse expanding the considered benefits to include evidence-based psychosocial effects of fetal therapies. Second, we reject the commonly proposed categorical risk and/or benefit thresholds for assessing fetal therapy research (e.g., only for life-threatening conditions). Instead, we propose that the individual risks for the pregnant woman and the fetus should be justified by the benefits for them and the study's social value. Studies that meet this overall proportionality criterion but have mildly unfavorable risk-benefit ratios for pregnant women and/or fetuses may be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hendriks
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National
Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christine Grady
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National
Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Wasserman
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National
Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Wendler
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National
Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana W. Bianchi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National
Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr, Room 2A03, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Benjamin Berkman
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National
Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Milani HJF, de Sá Barreto EQ, Araujo Júnior E, Cavalheiro S, Barbosa MM, Moron AF. Measurement of the Area and Circumference of the Leg: Preliminary Results of a New Method for Estimating Leg Muscle Trophism in Fetuses With Open Lumbosacral Spina Bifida. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:377-388. [PMID: 33792954 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To standardize a new technique to evaluate the fetal leg muscle trophism by measuring the area and circumference, and comparing this technique between normal and fetuses with open lumbosacral spina bifida (SB). METHODS Observational cross-sectional study was carried out on pregnant women with 26 weeks who were divided into two groups: Group I-fetuses with diagnosis of open lumbosacral SB; Group II-normal fetuses (control). In fetuses with SB, subjective evaluation of the lower limbs was performed (muscle echogenicity and leg movements). To estimate the leg muscle trophism, the measurement of the area and circumference of the leg were standardized, and the reproducibility of this method was performed. RESULTS Thirty-one fetuses with open lumbosacral SB and 51 normal fetuses were evaluated. The measurements of the area and circumference of the leg proved to be highly reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient-ICC > 0.95). The leg area and circumference measurements were statistically lower in the SB group than in the control group (p < .001). When subjective ultrasound assessment demonstrated hypotrophy of the lower limbs, the measurements of the area and circumference of the leg were statistically lower when compared to normal fetuses (p < .001). Fetuses with open SB with abnormal lower limb movements had lower measurements of the area and circumference of the leg than fetuses with normal movements (p < .001). CONCLUSION A new technique for estimating fetal leg muscle trophism was standardized, which proved to be highly reproducible and was able to show the difference between normal and fetuses with SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hérbene José Figuinha Milani
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Fetal Neurosurgery, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Mendes Barbosa
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Israeli Faculty of Health Sciences Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernandes Moron
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paslaru FG, Panaitescu AM, Iancu G, Veduta A, Gica N, Paslaru AC, Gheorghiu A, Peltecu G, Gorgan RM. Myelomeningocele Surgery over the 10 Years Following the MOMS Trial: A Systematic Review of Outcomes in Prenatal versus Postnatal Surgical Repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070707. [PMID: 34356988 PMCID: PMC8307221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida, a congenital neural tube defect arising from an incomplete neural tube closure during early development with damage worsening with advancing gestational age. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) Trial proved that surgery performed before 26 weeks of gestation significantly improved the prognosis, significantly changing treatment paradigms. This article aims to provide a review of the changes and updates in spina bifida repair over the 10-year period following the MOMS Trial. Material and methods: We performed a systematic review in the PubMed and Cochrane databases as well as a hand-search of high-impact journals using the reference list of all identified articles, searching for randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Results: We identified 27 articles published between 2011 and 2021 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and review them in the present study. Conclusions: With growing experience and with the improvement of prenatal open and fetoscopic techniques, the outcome of SB-associated conditions could be improved and the risks to both the mother and the fetus reduced. A continuous follow-up of the treated infants and further randomized trials are essential to study the complications and advantages or disadvantages of any given treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gabriela Paslaru
- Neurosurgical Department, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (F.G.P.); (A.G.); (R.M.G.)
- Neurosurgery Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, Romania; (G.I.); (A.V.); (N.G.); (G.P.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-23188930
| | - George Iancu
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, Romania; (G.I.); (A.V.); (N.G.); (G.P.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Veduta
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, Romania; (G.I.); (A.V.); (N.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Nicolae Gica
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, Romania; (G.I.); (A.V.); (N.G.); (G.P.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Catalin Paslaru
- Physiology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Gheorghiu
- Neurosurgical Department, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (F.G.P.); (A.G.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Gheorghe Peltecu
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 11171 Bucharest, Romania; (G.I.); (A.V.); (N.G.); (G.P.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Mircea Gorgan
- Neurosurgical Department, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (F.G.P.); (A.G.); (R.M.G.)
- Neurosurgery Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Bonelli MA, Borges AA, de Souza ROD, Castro GVDZB, de Oliveira GBS, Dupas G. Seeking tirelessly for better health and life conditions for the child with myelomeningocele. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3428. [PMID: 34037122 PMCID: PMC8139387 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3957.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to understand the experience of families in the care of children with myelomeningocele. METHOD a qualitative research study, which adopted Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as its theoretical and methodological framework, and the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument. Twenty-eight participants from thirteen families living in a municipality in the inland of São Paulo took part in the study. RESULTS the family tirelessly seeks better health and life conditions for the child with myelomeningocele; aiming at the child's autonomy, it is mobilized to the necessary treatments, to learn the care, to adapt the routine, as well as to supply for all the child's needs so that it reaches potential development, looking for a less dependent future with inclusion and social ascension. CONCLUSION family nursing shows potential support in the face of myelomeningocele, due to its ability to apprehend the family system, evaluate it and enable intervention proposals in the care process. In this study, rehabilitation nursing was also emphasized, since it goes together with the child and the family who experience myelomeningocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Bonelli
- Universidade Federal de So Carlos, So Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Centro Universitrio Central Paulista, So Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Borges
- Universidade Federal de So Carlos, So Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Enfermagem,
Passos, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giselle Dupas
- Universidade Federal de So Carlos, So Carlos, SP, Brazil
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9
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Associations between Infant and Parent Characteristics and Measures of Family Well-Being in Neonates with Seizures: A Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2020; 221:64-71.e4. [PMID: 32446494 PMCID: PMC7336525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and determine risk factors for key dimensions of well-being at hospital discharge in families of neonates with acute symptomatic seizures. STUDY DESIGN This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled 144 parent-infant dyads among neonates with acute symptomatic seizures from 9 pediatric hospitals in the Neonatal Seizure Registry. One parent per family completed a discharge survey, which included measures of anxiety and depression, health-related quality of life, and impact on the family. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for site were constructed to examine parent and infant characteristics associated with well-being. RESULTS At discharge, 54% of parents reported symptoms of anxiety and 32% reported symptoms of depression. Parents of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy reported more depression and worse quality of life than parents of infants with other seizure etiologies. Parental quality of life was also lower with greater infant age at discharge. A higher level of maternal education was associated with greater impact on the family. All these differences were medium to large effect sizes, ranging from 0.52 to 0.78. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in parents of infants with neonatal seizures, and several parent and infant characteristics are associated with poorer parental quality of life and family well-being. These findings are a call to action to improve mental health screening and services for parents of infants with neonatal seizures.
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Abstract
Open neural tube defects or myelomeningoceles are a common congenital condition caused by failure of closure of the neural tube early in gestation, leading to a number of neurologic sequelae including paralysis, hindbrain herniation, hydrocephalus and neurogenic bowel and bladder dysfunction. Traditionally, the condition was treated by closure of the defect postnatally but a recently completed randomized controlled trial of prenatal versus postnatal closure demonstrated improved neurologic outcomes in the prenatal closure group. Fetal surgery, or more precisely maternal-fetal surgery, raises a number of ethical issues that we address including who the patient is, informed consent, surgical innovation and equipoise as well maternal assumption of risk. As the procedure becomes more widely adopted into practice, we suggest close monitoring of new fetal surgery centers, in order to ensure that the positive results of the trial are maintained without increased risk to both the mother and fetus.
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11
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Danzer E, Joyeux L, Flake AW, Deprest J. Fetal surgical intervention for myelomeningocele: lessons learned, outcomes, and future implications. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:417-425. [PMID: 31840814 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) closure (spina bifida aperta) has become a care option for patients that meet inclusion criteria, but it is clear that fetal intervention, while improving outcomes, is not a cure. This review will: (1) focus on the rationale for fMMC surgery based on preclinical studies and observations that laid the foundation for human pilot studies and a randomized controlled trial; (2) summarize important clinical outcomes; (3) discuss the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of recent developments in fetal surgical techniques and approaches; and (4) highlight future research directions. Given the increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity associated with prenatal intervention, accompanied by the increasing number of centres performing interventions worldwide, teams involved in the care of these patients need to proceed with caution to maintain technical expertise, competency, and patient safety. Ongoing assessment of durability of the benefits of fMMC surgery, as well as additional refinement of patient selection criteria and counselling, is needed to further improve outcomes and reduce the risks to the mother and fetus. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: High-quality prospective studies are needed to broaden the indication for fetal surgery in the general myelomeningocele population. Innovative minimally invasive approaches have had promising results, yet lack comprehensive and robust experimental or clinical evaluation. Important information to help families make informed decisions regarding fetal surgery for myelomeningocele is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Danzer
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luc Joyeux
- MyFetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan W Flake
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Deprest
- MyFetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Houtrow AJ, Thom EA, Fletcher JM, Burrows PK, Adzick NS, Thomas NH, Brock JW, Cooper T, Lee H, Bilaniuk L, Glenn OA, Pruthi S, MacPherson C, Farmer DL, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Gupta N, Walker WO. Prenatal Repair of Myelomeningocele and School-age Functional Outcomes. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1544. [PMID: 31980545 PMCID: PMC6993457 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), a randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair for myelomeningocele, found that prenatal surgery resulted in reduced hindbrain herniation and need for shunt diversion at 12 months of age and better motor function at 30 months. In this study, we compared adaptive behavior and other outcomes at school age (5.9-10.3 years) between prenatal versus postnatal surgery groups. METHODS Follow-up cohort study of 161 children enrolled in MOMS. Assessments included neuropsychological and physical evaluations. Children were evaluated at a MOMS center or at a home visit by trained blinded examiners. RESULTS The Vineland composite score was not different between surgery groups (89.0 ± 9.6 in the prenatal group versus 87.5 ± 12.0 in the postnatal group; P = .35). Children in the prenatal group walked without orthotics or assistive devices more often (29% vs 11%; P = .06), had higher mean percentage scores on the Functional Rehabilitation Evaluation of Sensori-Neurologic Outcomes (92 ± 9 vs 85 ± 18; P < .001), lower rates of hindbrain herniation (60% vs 87%; P < .001), had fewer shunts placed for hydrocephalus (49% vs 85%; P < .001) and, among those with shunts, fewer shunt revisions (47% vs 70%; P = .02) than those in the postnatal group. Parents of children repaired prenatally reported higher mean quality of life z scores (0.15 ± 0.67 vs 0.11 ± 0.73; P = .008) and lower mean family impact scores (32.5 ± 7.8 vs 37.0 ± 8.9; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between surgery groups in overall adaptive behavior. Long-term benefits of prenatal surgery included improved mobility and independent functioning and fewer surgeries for shunt placement and revision, with no strong evidence of improved cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Houtrow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A. Thom
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Pamela K. Burrows
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - N. Scott Adzick
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nina H. Thomas
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W. Brock
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hanmin Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Orit A. Glenn
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cora MacPherson
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; and
| | - Mark P. Johnson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori J. Howell
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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13
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Riddle S, Huddle R, Lim FY, Stevenson C, Dean K, Sparling K, Fenchel M, Schibler K. Morbidity and cost burden of prenatal myelomeningocele repair. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:1651-1657. [PMID: 31345076 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1645827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the morbidities and financial burden associated with prenatal open myelomeningocele repair versus postnatal repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective study cohort included 23 mother-infant dyads undergoing prenatal repair and 30 with postnatal repair. Financial, demographic, and medical information were obtained for mother-infant dyads from each infant's birth through the first year of life. RESULTS Infants in the prenatal repair group were significantly affected by sequelae of prematurity, including apnea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity. Importantly, fewer of these infants required ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures and the overall improved composite outcome of shunting or death. Infants in the postnatal repair group required more hospital readmissions in the first year of life. Financial costs for mother-infant dyads in the prenatal repair group were higher, driven by the length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit and maternal hospital admissions. Kaplan-Meier curves analyzing the relative contributions of the length of stay and total charges in the population were constructed. The maternal contribution was markedly different between groups due to postoperative hospitalization, readmission, and close fetal surveillance required. Though these differences did not reach statistical significance, it highlights an important burden on families and the medical system. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report the contributions of prematurity in relation to maternal and infant morbidity and financial costs. The benefits of prenatal myelomeningocele repair include lower risk for ventriculoperitoneal shunting and fewer hospital readmissions. The risk of preterm birth and its neonatal sequelae continue to be a significant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Riddle
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Huddle
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Foong-Yen Lim
- Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles Stevenson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kristin Dean
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Sparling
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Fenchel
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kurt Schibler
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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14
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Moldenhauer JS, Flake AW. Open fetal surgery for neural tube defects. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 58:121-132. [PMID: 31078425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The most common congenital defect of the central nervous system is myelomeningocele (MMC), which results in significant physical limitations for those affected. Neurologic injury associated with MMC begins with abnormal neurulation and is perpetuated by subsequent traumatic and toxic injury sustained in utero. Treatment historically has involved surgical closure of the MMC after birth along with neonatal management of the associated sequelae including cerebrospinal fluid diversion by ventricular shunting. With improvements in prenatal diagnosis, a defined antenatal natural history, and the concept of fetal intervention to arrest or reverse ongoing in utero damage, maternal-fetal surgery for MMC closure developed as a feasible therapy. Animal studies and early human studies investigating in utero MMC closure were promising, leading to Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS trial). This prospective randomized multicenter trial comparing in utero fetal MMC (fMMC) closure to routine postnatal closure demonstrated a decreased need for shunting, reversal of hindbrain herniation, and improved neurologic function in the prenatal repair group, although maternal complications and prematurity were more frequently encountered. Because of the conclusion of the MOMS trial, fMMC closure has become a standard of care option for pregnancies complicated by a prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida. This article will provide background to the scope of MMC, review the MOMS trial data, and highlight the current clinical status of open fMMC closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Moldenhauer
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alan W Flake
- The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Alnaami IM, Alayad EG. Review on myelomeningocele management and its current status in Saudi Arabia. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2019; 24:5-10. [PMID: 30842393 PMCID: PMC8015532 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2019.1.20180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major approaches have emerged in the field of myelomeningocele (MMC) management. The prevalence of MMC in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 0.44-1.46/1000 births. Nine point seven percent of pregnant Saudi women take folic acid before conception; MMC is estimated to result in 1,417,500 Saudi Riyals (SAR) in lifetime costs per patient. Abortion should be performed cautiously in Muslim countries; another option may be the intrauterine foetal surgical repair of MMC, which has better neuromotor outcomes and reduces the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt, albeit with a higher risk of obstetric complications. Seven years after intrauterine foetal surgery emerged, there is a need to establish this service in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A multidisciplinary approach is required for MMC patients; surgical closure should be carried out within 72 hours after birth to reduce the risk of infection. Advancing MMC care allows patients to survive to adulthood, and action must be taken to improve the quality of MMC care in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Alnaami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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16
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Parental Distress and Stress in Association with Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth with Spina Bifida: A Longitudinal Study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:744-753. [PMID: 30204623 PMCID: PMC6263838 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations between 3 distinct parent factors (parent personal distress, parenting stress, and spina bifida (SB)-specific parenting stress) and youth and parent proxy reports of youth health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over time. METHOD Participants were recruited as part of a longitudinal study, and data were collected at 3 time points, spaced 2 years apart. Parents and youth completed questionnaires, and youth completed neuropsychological assessment tasks to determine youth intelligence quotient during home visits. RESULTS Analyses revealed that higher levels of maternal SB-specific parenting stress were related to lower levels of youth-reported HRQOL at time 1. Other parent factors were not associated with youth report of HRQOL at the earlier time points, although higher levels of maternal SB-specific parenting stress and paternal parenting stress were associated with lower levels of youth HRQOL at time 3. For mothers and fathers, increased parent personal distress, parenting stress, and SB-specific parenting stress were associated with decreased proxy report of youth HRQOL. Of these three parent factors, SB-specific parenting stress was consistently the most strongly associated with parent proxy-report of youth HRQOL. CONCLUSION Parenting stress and distress are important targets for interventions, and these interventions may improve youth outcomes, especially as youth age. Future research is needed to identify other factors influencing youth HRQOL over time.
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17
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Joyeux L, Danzer E, Flake AW, Deprest J. Fetal surgery for spina bifida aperta. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018; 103:F589-F595. [PMID: 30006470 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Spina bifida aperta (SBA) is one of the most common congenital malformations. It can cause severe lifelong physical and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the neurological deficits associated with SBA are not simply caused by incomplete neurulation at the level of the lesion. Additional damage is caused by prolonged exposure of the spinal cord and nerves to the intrauterine environment and a suction gradient due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage, leading to progressive downward displacement of the hindbrain. This natural history can be reversed by prenatal repair. A randomised controlled trial demonstrated that mid-gestational maternal-fetal surgery for SBA decreases the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting and hindbrain herniation at 12 months and improves neurological motor function at 30 months of age. This came at the price of maternal and fetal risks, the most relevant ones being increased prematurity and a persistent uterine corporeal scar. Recently minimally invasive fetal approaches have been introduced clinically yet they lack extensive experimental or clinical trials. We aim to provide clinicians with the essential information necessary to counsel SBA parents as the basis for considering referral of selected patients to expert fetal surgery centres. We review the reported clinical outcomes and discuss recent developments of potentially less invasive fetal SBA approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Joyeux
- Academic Department Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enrico Danzer
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Children's Center for Fetal Research, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan W Flake
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Children's Center for Fetal Research, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan Deprest
- Academic Department Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Fry JT, Frader JE. "We want to do everything": how parents represent their experiences with maternal-fetal surgery online. J Perinatol 2018; 38:226-232. [PMID: 29317765 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-017-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is little available evidence on how patients make decisions regarding maternal-fetal surgery. We studied online patient narratives for insight on how pregnant women and their partners consider such decisions. STUDY DESIGN We used Google search strings and a purposive snowball method to locate patient blogs. We analyzed blog entries using qualitative methods to identify author details, medical information, and common themes. RESULTS We located 32 blogs of patients who describe maternal-fetal surgery consultation. Twenty-eight (88%) underwent fetal interventions. Most (91%) explicitly described consultation with maternal-fetal surgery teams; 83% of those depicted making decisions prior to formal consultation. Few expressed regret for decisions made (6%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients openly share experiences with maternal-fetal surgery online. Women portray their decisions as made outside of formal medical processes and overwhelmingly feel these decisions were "right". As the field of maternal-fetal surgery expands, prospective evaluation of patient decision-making is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Fry
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joel E Frader
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Palliative Care, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Antiel RM, Janvier A, Feudtner C, Blaine K, Fry J, Howell LJ, Houtrow AJ. The experience of parents with children with myelomeningocele who underwent prenatal surgery. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2018; 11:217-225. [PMID: 30507587 DOI: 10.3233/prm-170483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) has been demonstrated to have benefits over postnatal surgery. Nevertheless, prenatal surgery requires a significant emotional, physical, and financial commitment from the entire family. METHODS Mixed methods study of parents' perceptions regarding provider communication, treatment choices, and the family impact of having a child with MMC. RESULTS Parents of children with MMC (n= 109) completed questionnaires. Parents were well informed and reported gathering information about prenatal surgery from a wide range of sources. After a fetal diagnosis of MMC, most learned about their options from their obstetrician, although one-third were not told about the option of prenatal surgery. About one-fourth of these parents felt pressure to undergo one particular option. Half of parents said that having a child with MMC has had a positive impact on them and their family, while the other half indicated that having a child with MMC has had both positive and negative impacts. The most commonly noted positive impacts were changes in parental attitudes, as well as having new opportunities and relationships. The most frequently reported negative impacts concerned relational and financial strain. The vast majority of parents indicated that they would still undergo prenatal surgery if they could travel back in time with their present knowledge. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the parental experiences and perspectives following prenatal surgery will play an important role in providing overall support for parents and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Antiel
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Annie Janvier
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Ethics, University of Montreal, Neonatology, Clinical Ethics, Palliative Care, Sainte-Justine Hospital, and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Fry
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lori J Howell
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy J Houtrow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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