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Sharifi F, Samieirad S, Grillo R, Da Graça Naclério-Homem M, Bardideh E, Manafi A, Mohammadi Z, Eshghpour M. The Causes and Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Iran: A Systematic Review. World J Plast Surg 2023; 12:1-11. [PMID: 37220578 PMCID: PMC10200082 DOI: 10.52547/wjps.12.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maxillofacial fractures are a common type of injury that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the prevalence and causes of maxillofacial fractures in Iran to estimate the overall prevalence of maxillofacial fractures and the most common causes. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WS) and Google Scholar (GS) electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published up to January 2023. Studies reporting the prevalence and causes of maxillofacial fractures in Iran were included in the analysis. MOOSE guidelines were adopted for the current systematic review. No data or language restriction were applied. Risk of bias across the articles was assessed. Results A total of 32 studies comprising 35,720 patients were included in the analysis. The most common cause of maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (RTAs), accounting for 68.97% of all cases, followed by falls (12.62%) and interpersonal violence (9.03%). The prevalence of maxillofacial fractures was higher in males (81.04%) and in the age group of 21-30 years (43.23%). Risk of bias across studies was considered low. Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures are a significant public health problem in Iran, with a high prevalence and RTAs being the leading cause. These results highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent maxillofacial fractures in Iran, especially through measures to reduce the incidence of RTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Sharifi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahand Samieirad
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ricardo Grillo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Traumatology and Prosthesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculdade Patos de Minas, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Erfan Bardideh
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Manafi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohammadi
- Department of Medical education, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Eshghpour
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khandeparker PVS, Fernandes TB, Dhupar V, Akkara F, Shetye OA, Khandeparker RVS. A retrospective epidemiological review of maxillofacial trauma in a tertiary care centre in Goa, India. Chin J Traumatol 2022:S1008-1275(22)00119-5. [PMID: 36631310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trauma accounts for the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in the present day and may rightly be called the new pandemic. The prominent nature of the face exposes it to various traumatic injuries. A timely, prompt diagnosis along with employment of correct and quick treatment greatly improves the outcome for these patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial injuries over a decade. METHODS The data were collected manually from the medical records of patients who reported to the tertiary centre from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. All injured patients irrespective of age/gender with complete hospital records of clinical and radiographical diagnosis of maxillofacial injuries were included. The demographic data, etiology, site and type of injury, and seasonal variation were analyzed. Data were tabulated into six age groups (0-7 years, 8-18 years, 19-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-59 years, and >60 years). Five etiological factors, i.e. road traffic accidents, falls, assaults, sports-related, and occupational accidents, were further evaluated based on genders. Facial injuries were classified into six types: panfacial fractures, mandibular fractures (subcategorized), midface fractures (subcategorized), dentoalveolar fractures, dental injuries, and soft tissue injuries. The monthly and seasonal variation of the injuries was also charted. Data were expressed as frequency and percent. RESULTS A total of 10,703 injuries were included from the tertiary centre from the period of 2011-2019, including 8637 males and 2066 females, with the highest occurrence of the injuries between 19 and 35 years. Road traffic accident was the principal etiological factor of the maxillofacial injuries in both genders (80.5%). This was followed by falls (9.6%), assaults (8.0%), occupational accidents (1.2%), and sporting injuries (0.7%). Midface fractures amounted for 52.5% (5623 fractures), followed by mandibular fractures (38.1%). CONCLUSION The current study describes a change in the incidence of injuries along with variation in the demographic data. The implementation of safety gears and stricter traffic laws along with public awareness may aid in the reduction of maxillofacial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Dhupar
- Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim 403202, Goa, India
| | - Francis Akkara
- Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim 403202, Goa, India
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Aleksanyan LV, Poghosyan AY, Misakyan MS, Minasyan AM, Bablumyan AY, Tadevosyan AE, Muradyan AA. Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries in "Heratsi" No 1 university hospital in Yerevan, Armenia: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:123. [PMID: 35413822 PMCID: PMC9002220 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the prevalence, etiologies, types of maxillofacial injuries (MFIs), sites of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) and their management in Yerevan, Armenia.
Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The extracted data included age, sex, date of referral, mode of injury, etiology, radiology records and treatment methods. Study outcomes were measured using percentages, means, standard deviations and tests of proportions. P < .05 was considered significant. Results A total of 204 patients had a mean age of 36.26 ± 1.08 years (156 males and 48 females), and a total of 259 MFIs were recorded between 2017 and 2020. Interpersonal violence was found to be the most common etiology of MFFs in this study (42.1%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (27.9%) and falls (18.6%). The nasal bone was the most common injury site (47.5%), followed by the mandible (31.4%) and zygomatic complex (11.7%). The most common fracture site was the mandibular angle (37.9%), followed by the symphysis/parasymphysis (28.1%) and body (12.6%). Isolated soft tissue injuries were reported in 5.9% of the cases. The majority of MFFs were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion Interpersonal violence, followed by RTAs and falls, was the most common cause of MFIs. Males in the 21–30 years age group had the highest MFI incidence rate. The nasal bone was the most common injury site, followed by the mandible and zygomatic complex. Social education with the objective of reducing aggression and interpersonal conflict should be improved, and appropriate RTA prevention strategies should be strengthened and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine V Aleksanyan
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, "Heratsi" No 1 Hospital, 60 Abovyan Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Yu Poghosyan
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, "Heratsi" No 1 Hospital, 60 Abovyan Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Martin S Misakyan
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, "Heratsi" No 1 Hospital, 60 Abovyan Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen M Minasyan
- Administrative Department, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Aren Yu Bablumyan
- Administrative Department, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Artashes E Tadevosyan
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen A Muradyan
- Administrative Department, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
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Jaber MA, AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Kuriadom ST. Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries in the Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2021; 71:292-299. [PMID: 34286698 PMCID: PMC9275196 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs), to establish the prevalence of MFFs, and to recognise the major causative factors in both males and females in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. STUDY DESIGN The protocol of this systematic reviews was established according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P); the following databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. We used STROBE checklist to assess the risk of bias in all identified studies, 37 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, and hence were selected for analysis. RESULTS A total of 27,994 patients (22,965 males and 5,129 females) ranging from 0 to 97 years who experienced maxillofacial injuries during the study period were entered into this review. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of MFF followed by falls. The mandible was the most common site of injury. In the MENA region, males outnumbered females in terms of maxillofacial injuries with a ratio of 4.5:1. CONCLUSION Maxillofacial fractures are highly prevalent in the MENA region, and they are mainly caused by RTAs, especially among young males. Therefore, the concerned authorities need to employ and implement stricter traffic rules in order to minimise the risk of maxillofacial injuries and their subsequent increased morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Feras AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Barbosa MA, Paula DSD, Silva AAGD, Souza LPMD, Ribeiro IGDS, Rosa ELSD, Miranda AF, Gomes LDO. Profile of facial trauma in older adults cared for at a tertiary hospital of the Brazilian Federal District. GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY AND AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.53886/gga.e0210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The phenomenon of population aging and the remarkable inclusion of older adults in the economically active population has increased their participation in injuries and accidents, including facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of facial trauma in the older population of the Brazilian Federal District, as well as the gender, etiology, type of trauma, and treatment strategy regarding different age groups (60–69 years, 70–79 years, and 80 years or older). METHODS: This is a retrospective quantitative descriptive study using electronic medical records (Trackcare system) of older patients (aged ≥ 60 years) assisted at the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital of the Federal District between 2016 and 2017 due to facial trauma. RESULTS: Out of 2382 records of patients with facial trauma, 139 (5.8%) were aged over 60 years. The main causes of facial trauma were falls, both in male and female patients. Facial contusion was the main diagnosis of facial trauma (25.2%), followed by fractures of the jaw (16.5%) and zygomatic complex (15.8%). Conservative treatment was the most common strategy adopted in the Emergency Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of facial trauma in the geriatric population. Etiological factors such as falls and car accidents were highlighted in the studied groups. Conservative treatment and local guidelines were the preferred therapeutic approaches. Owing to the growth trend of the older population in the upcoming decades, exposure to risk factors for facial trauma tends to grow, thus requiring greater attention and specific knowledge from health professionals.
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Comparison of Maxillofacial Fractures Between Pedestrians and Passengers in Road Traffic Accidents. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:1098-1103. [PMID: 33347834 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Road traffic accidents remain as the most common cause of maxillofacial injuries in developed countries. To the best of our knowledge, comparative analysis of fracture localizations and injury types of injured pedestrians and passengers is seldom performed. Thus, this study aimed to compare maxillofacial injuries between pedestrians and passengers injured in road traffic accidents in terms of demographic characteristics of the patients, localization of fractures, and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population was composed of patients who underwent surgery for maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. They were divided into the pedestrian group and passenger group. Demographic data, fracture sites, and treatment methods were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS Most of the patients were 20 to 30 years of age. Isolated mandible fractures occurred in 55.71% of the pedestrian group and 43.78% of the passenger group. Panfacial fractures were observed in 5.71% (n = 8) of the patients in the pedestrian group compared with 14.28% (n = 21) in the passenger group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the injury pattern and mechanism of in-vehicle accidents, fractures tend to be located in the middle and upper facial bones rather than in the mandible. Thus, careful management in triage is important, as each group has specific injury patterns. Patients with panfacial fractures require meticulous management because they are at risk for high-energy injury and comorbidities.
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Evaluation of Oral and Maxillofacial Traumatic Injuries at Buali Hospital of Tehran During 2008 to 2016. Trauma Mon 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.67802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Giacomin M, Conto FD, Siqueira SP, Signori PH, Eidt JMS, Sawazaki R. Elderly patients with facial trauma: a 10 year review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562017020.160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of geriatric patients with facial trauma treated at a Maxillofacial Surgery Department in southern Brazil over a period of 10 years. Methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients aged over 60 years treated for facial trauma in the period from January 2001 to December 2010 was performed. Result: of a total of 1,385 analyzed medical records of patients with facial trauma, 86 (6.2%) belonged to the group aged 60-89 years. The male gender was the most affected and the age group 60-69 years was the most frequently involved. The middle third was the most affected, and the zygomatic bone was the most commonly fractured. Conclusion: special attention should be given to the 60-69 age group, as while such patients present physiological changes inherent to aging, they remain active in society and exposed to risk factors for facial trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Giacomin
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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