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Zha Z, Jia C, Zhou R, Yin Q, Hu Y, Huang Z, Peng L, Zhang Y, Qiu X, Chen Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Pang M, Lu S, Sheng C, Huang L. Clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles promote fetal growth restriction via inhibiting trophoblast motility through PPARγ/RXRα/ANGPTL4 axis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:158. [PMID: 39741137 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, which seriously endangers fetal health and still lacks effective therapeutic targets. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is associated with fetal birth weight, and its membrane vesicles (MVs) are pathogenic vectors. However, the role of C. difficile and its MVs in FGR remains unclear. Here we found that supplementation with C. difficile altered the characteristics of gut microbiota and reduced the birth weight in mice. Interestingly, C. difficile MVs entered placenta, inhibited trophoblast motility, and induced fetal weight loss in mice. Mechanistically, C. difficile MVs activated the PPAR pathway via enhancing the transcriptional activity of PPARγ promoter, consequently inhibiting trophoblast motility. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly elevated in FGR placenta, and negatively correlated with fetal birth weight. Together, our findings reveal the significance of C. difficile and its MVs in FGR, providing new insights into the mechanisms of FGR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruisi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinlan Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linyu Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawen Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglan Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Pregnancy complications affect millions of women each year. Some of these diseases have high morbidity and mortality such as preeclampsia. At present, there is no safe and effective treatment for pregnancy complications, so it is still a difficult clinical problem. As many pregnancy complications are closely related to placental dysplasia, placenta-specific therapy, as an important method, is expected to be a safe, effective, and specific therapeutic strategy. This review explains in detail the placenta physiological structure, characteristics, and action mechanism of some biomolecules and signaling pathways that play roles in normal development and disorders of the development of the placenta, and how to use these biomolecules as therapeutic targets when the placenta disorder causes disease, combining the latest progress in the field of nanodelivery systems, so as to lay a foundation for the development of placenta-specific therapy of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Songwei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yongran Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhenzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Crute CE, Hall SM, Landon CD, Garner A, Everitt JI, Zhang S, Blake B, Olofsson D, Chen H, Murphy SK, Stapleton HM, Feng L. Evaluating maternal exposure to an environmental per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixture during pregnancy: Adverse maternal and fetoplacental effects in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156499. [PMID: 35679923 PMCID: PMC9374364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often found in drinking water, and serum PFAS are detected in up to 99% of the population. However, very little is known about how exposure to mixtures of PFAS affects maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal, fetal, and placental outcomes after preconceptional and gestational exposure to an environmentally relevant PFAS mixture in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. Dams were exposed via drinking water to control (no detectable PFAS) or a PFAS mixture for 32 days. This mixture was formulated with PFAS to resemble levels measured in tap water from Pittsboro, NC (10 PFAS compounds; total PFAS load = 758.6 ng/L). Maternal, fetal, and placental outcomes were evaluated at necropsy. Thyroid hormones were measured in maternal serum and kit blood. Placental gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq and qPCR. PFAS exposure resulted in higher body weight (p = 0.01), liver (p = 0.01) and kidney (p = 0.01) weights, blood pressure (p = 0.05), and BUN:CRE ratio (p = 0.04) in dams, along with microscopic changes in renal cortices. Fetal weight, measures, and histopathology were unchanged, but a significant interaction between dose and sex was detected in the fetal: placental weight ratio (p = 0.036). Placental macroscopic changes were present in PFAS-exposed dams. Dam serum showed lower T4 and a higher T3:T4 ratio, although not statistically significant. RNAseq revealed that 11 of the 14 differentially expressed genes (adj. p < 0.1) are involved in placentation or pregnancy complications. In summary, exposure elicited maternal weight gain and signs of hypertension, renal injury, sex-specific changes in placental response, and differential expression of genes involved in placentation and preeclampsia. Importantly, these are the first results to show adverse maternal and placental effects of an environmentally-relevant PFAS mixture in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Crute
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Hall
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea D Landon
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela Garner
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bevin Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Didrik Olofsson
- Omiqa Bioinformatics GmbH, Altensteinstasse 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Choi M, Byun N, Hwang JR, Choi YS, Sung JH, Choi SJ, Kim JS, Oh SY, Roh CR. Effect of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on syncytial differentiation and autophagy in primary human trophoblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Ogoyama M, Ohkuchi A, Takahashi H, Zhao D, Matsubara S, Takizawa T. LncRNA H19-Derived miR-675-5p Accelerates the Invasion of Extravillous Trophoblast Cells by Inhibiting GATA2 and Subsequently Activating Matrix Metalloproteinases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031237. [PMID: 33513878 PMCID: PMC7866107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells into the maternal decidua, which plays a crucial role in the establishment of a successful pregnancy, is highly orchestrated by a complex array of regulatory mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that fine-tune gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of EVT cell invasion. However, little is known about the characteristic features of EVT-associated ncRNAs. To elucidate the gene expression profiles of both coding and non-coding transcripts (i.e., mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs)) expressed in EVT cells, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of EVT cells isolated from first-trimester placentae. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 and its derived miRNA miR-675-5p were enriched in EVT cells. Although miR-675-5p acts as a placental/trophoblast growth suppressor, there is little information on the involvement of miR-675-5p in trophoblast cell invasion. Next, we evaluated a possible role of miR-675-5p in EVT cell invasion using the EVT cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and HChEpC1b; overexpression of miR-675-5p significantly promoted the invasion of both EVT cell lines. The transcription factor gene GATA2 was shown to be a target of miR-675-5p; moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated GATA2 knockdown significantly promoted cell invasion. Furthermore, we identified MMP13 and MMP14 as downstream effectors of miR-675-5p/GATA2-dependent EVT cell invasion. These findings suggest that miR-675-5p-mediated GATA2 inhibition accelerates EVT cell invasion by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ogoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (M.O.); (A.O.); (H.T.); (S.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (M.O.); (A.O.); (H.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (M.O.); (A.O.); (H.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Dongwei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; (M.O.); (A.O.); (H.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131
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7
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Y-Box Binding Protein 1 Expression in Trophoblast Cells Promotes Fetal and Placental Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091942. [PMID: 32842598 PMCID: PMC7563187 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is pivotal for the regulation of cancerogenesis and inflammation. However, its involvement in pregnancy processes such as fetal and placental development remains to be elucidated. We studied Ybx1 (YB-1)+/− heterozygous intercrossings and compared them to YB-1+/+ wild-type (WT) combinations. Additionally, we generated trophoblast-specific YB-1-deficient mice by pairing FVB Cyp19-Cre females to YB-1fl/fl males. YB-1fl/fl-paired FVB WT females served as controls. Serial in vivo ultrasound measurements were performed to assess fetal and placental parameters. After sacrificing the females, implantation and abortion rates were recorded, spiral artery (SA) remodeling was analyzed and fetal and placental weights were determined. Compared to YB-1+/+ counterparts, YB-1+/− females showed reduced implantation areas at gestation day (GD)10, insufficiently remodeled SAs at GD12, increased placental diameter/thickness ratios at GD14 and reduced placental and fetal weights at GD14. Compared to WT, Cyp19-Cre females with YB-1-deficient placentas showed reduced implantation areas at GD8, 10 and 12; decreased placental areas and diameters at GD10 and 12; diminished placental thicknesses at GD12; as well as reduced placental weights at GD12 and 14. In conclusion, our data suggest haploinsufficiency of YB-1 resulting in disturbed fetal and placental development. Moreover, we provide the first evidence for the relevance of trophoblast-specific YB-1 for placentation.
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8
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Majali-Martinez A, Hoch D, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Pollheimer J, Glasner A, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Beristain AG, Hiden U, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Desoye G. Matrix metalloproteinase 15 plays a pivotal role in human first trimester cytotrophoblast invasion and is not altered by maternal obesity. FASEB J 2020; 34:10720-10730. [PMID: 32614494 PMCID: PMC7496590 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adequate anchoring of the placenta in the uterus through invasion of first trimester cytotrophoblasts (CTB) is required for a successful pregnancy. This process is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulated by the maternal environment. Obesity is known to alter the intrauterine milieu and has been related to impaired invasion. We hypothesized that placental MMP15, a novel membrane‐type MMP, is involved in CTB invasion and regulated by maternal obesity in early pregnancy. Thus, in this study MMP15 was immunolocalized to invasive extravillous and interstitial CTB. MMP15 silencing in chorionic villous explants using two different siRNAs reduced trophoblast outgrowth length (−35%, P ≤ .001 and −26%, P < .05) and area (−43%, P ≤ .001 and −36%, P ≤ .01) without altering trophoblast proliferation or apoptosis. Short‐term treatment of primary first trimester trophoblasts with IL‐6 (10 ng/mL), interleukin 10 (IL‐10) (50 ng/mL), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) (10 ng/mL) did not affect MMP15 protein levels. Likewise, MMP15 mRNA and protein levels were unaltered between human first trimester placentas from control pregnancies vs those complicated with maternal obesity. Overall, our results suggest that the role of MMP15 in placental development and function in early pregnancy is limited to CTB invasion without being affected by short‐ and long‐term inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Hoch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Alexander G Beristain
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Sun C, Groom KM, Oyston C, Chamley LW, Clark AR, James JL. The placenta in fetal growth restriction: What is going wrong? Placenta 2020; 96:10-18. [PMID: 32421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is essential for the efficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus to maintain normal fetal growth. Dysfunctional placental development underpins many pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR) a condition in which the fetus does not reach its growth potential. The FGR placenta is smaller than normal placentae throughout gestation and displays maldevelopment of both the placental villi and the fetal vasculature within these villi. Specialized epithelial cells called trophoblasts exhibit abnormal function and development in FGR placentae. This includes an altered balance between proliferation and apoptotic death, premature cellular senescence, and reduced colonisation of the maternal decidual tissue. Thus, the placenta undergoes aberrant changes at the macroscopic to cellular level in FGR, which can limit exchange capacity and downstream fetal growth. This review aims to compile stereological, in vitro, and imaging data to create a holistic overview of the FGR placenta and its pathophysiology, with a focus on the contribution of trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Katie M Groom
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Oyston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering, House, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
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10
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Hoch D, Gauster M, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Desoye G. Diabesity-associated oxidative and inflammatory stress signalling in the early human placenta. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Desoye G. The Human Placenta in Diabetes and Obesity: Friend or Foe? The 2017 Norbert Freinkel Award Lecture. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1362-1369. [PMID: 29934479 DOI: 10.2337/dci17-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The placenta plays a key role in sustaining fetal growth and development. Due to its position between mother and fetus, it is exposed to changes in the intrauterine environment in both circulations. The relative influence of changes in those circulations depends on the period of gestation. Early in pregnancy, maternal influences prevail and may affect the complex biological processes characteristic for this pregnancy period, such as placentation, early cell differentiation, and spiral artery remodeling. It is still unclear whether the placenta early in pregnancy is a friend or foe for the fetus. Later in pregnancy, when the fetal circulation is gradually establishing, fetal signals gain importance in regulating placental structure and function. Many of the placental alterations seen at term of pregnancy are the result of fetoplacental interactions often driven by fetal signals associated with maternal diabetes or obesity. These alterations, such as hypervascularization or enhanced cholesterol removal from placental endothelial cells, can be regarded as adaptations to maintain homeostasis at the fetoplacental interface and, thus, to protect the fetus. However, extreme conditions such as poorly controlled diabetes or pronounced obesity may exceed placental homeostatic capacity, with potentially adverse consequences for the fetus. Thus, in late pregnancy, the placenta acts mostly as a friend as long as the environmental perturbations do not exceed placental capacity for mounting adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Duran CL, Abbey CA, Bayless KJ. Establishment of a three-dimensional model to study human uterine angiogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 24:74-93. [PMID: 29329415 PMCID: PMC6454809 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can primary human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs) be used as a model to study uterine angiogenic responses in vitro that are relevant in pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER UtMVECs demonstrated angiogenic responses when stimulated with proangiogenic factors, including sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), physiological levels of wall shear stress (WSS), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and various combinations of estrogen and progesterone. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During sprouting angiogenesis, signaling from growth factors and cytokines induces a monolayer of quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vasculature to degrade the extracellular matrix and invade the surrounding tissue to form new capillaries. During pregnancy and the female reproductive cycle, the uterine endothelium becomes activated and undergoes sprouting angiogenesis to increase the size and number of blood vessels in the endometrium. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was designed to examine the angiogenic potential of primary human UtMVECs using the well-characterized human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) line as a control to compare angiogenic potential. ECs were seeded onto three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices, supplemented with known proangiogenic stimuli relevant to pregnancy and allowed to invade for 24 h. Sprouting responses were analyzed using manual and automated methods for quantification. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunostaining were used to characterize UtMVECs. Angiogenic responses were examined using 3D invasion assays. Western blotting was used to confirm signaling responses after proangiogenic lipid, pharmacological inhibitor, and recombinant lentiviral treatments. All experiments were repeated at least three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After ensuring that UtMVECs expressed the proper endothelial markers, we found that UtMVECs invade 3D collagen matrices dose-dependently in response to known proangiogenic stimuli (e.g. S1P, VEGF, bFGF, hCG, estrogen, progesterone and WSS) present during early pregnancy. Invasion responses were positively correlated with phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK). Inhibition of these second messengers significantly impaired sprouting (P < 0.01). Gene silencing of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase using multiple approaches completely abrogated sprouting (P < 0.001). Finally, UtMVECs displayed a unique ability to undergo sprouting in response to hCG, and combined estrogen and progesterone treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study of uterine angiogenesis in vitro has limitations and any findings many not fully represent the in vivo state. However, these experiments do provide evidence for the ability of UtMVECs to be used in functional sprouting assays in a 3D environment, stimulated by physiological factors that are produced locally within the uterus during early pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We show that UtMVECs can be used reliably to investigate how growth factors, hormones, lipids and other factors, such as flow, affect angiogenesis in the uterus. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH award HL095786 to K.J.B. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Colette A Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Reproductive Biology, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2471, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Latifi Z, Fattahi A, Ranjbaran A, Nejabati HR, Imakawa K. Potential roles of metalloproteinases of endometrium-derived exosomes in embryo-maternal crosstalk during implantation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4530-4545. [PMID: 29115666 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During embryo implantation, crosstalk between the endometrial epithelium and the blastocyst, especially the trophoblasts, is a prerequisite for successful implantation. During this crosstalk, various molecular and functional changes occur to promote synchrony between the embryo and the endometrium as well as the uterine cavity microenvironment. In the past few years, growing evidence has shown that endometrium-derived exosomes play pivotal roles in the embryonic-maternal crosstalk during implantation, although the exact mechanism of this crosstalk has yet to be determined. The presence of metalloproteinases has been reported in endometrium-derived exosomes, implying the importance of these enzymes in exosome-based crosstalk. Thus, in this review, we describe the potential roles of the metalloproteinases of endometrium-derived exosomes in promoting embryo attachment and implantation. This study could provide a better understanding of the potential roles of exosomal metalloproteinases in embryo implantation and pave the way for developing novel exosome-based regulatory agents to support early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Latifi
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ranjbaran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gutiérrez J, Aedo A, Mora J, Maldonado J, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Farías M, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Preeclampsia associates with RECK-dependent decrease in human trophoblasts migration and invasion. Placenta 2017; 59:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Motomura K, Okada N, Morita H, Hara M, Tamari M, Orimo K, Matsuda G, Imadome KI, Matsuda A, Nagamatsu T, Fujieda M, Sago H, Saito H, Matsumoto K. A Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, enhances adhesion, viability and differentiation of human term placenta-derived trophoblasts in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177994. [PMID: 28542501 PMCID: PMC5438149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human term placenta-derived primary cytotrophoblasts (pCTBs) represent a good human syncytiotrophoblast (STB) model, in vitro culture of pCTBs is not always easily accomplished. Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK), reportedly prevented apoptosis and improved cell-to-substrate adhesion and culture stability of dissociated cultured human embryonic stem cells and human corneal endothelial cells. The Rho kinase pathway regulates various kinds of cell behavior, some of which are involved in pCTB adhesion and differentiation. In this study, we examined Y-27632's potential for enhancing pCTB adhesion, viability and differentiation. pCTBs were isolated from term, uncomplicated placentas by trypsin-DNase I-Dispase II treatment and purified by HLA class I-positive cell depletion. Purified pCTBs were cultured on uncoated plates in the presence of epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) and various concentrations of Y-27632. pCTB adhesion to the plates was evaluated by phase-contrast imaging, viability was measured by WST-8 assay, and differentiation was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, expression of fusogenic genes and hCG-β production. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1; one of the effector proteins of the Rho family) and protein kinase A (PKA) involvement was evaluated by using their specific inhibitors, NSC-23766 and H-89. We found that Y-27632 treatment significantly enhanced pCTB adhesion to plates, viability, cell-to-cell fusion and hCG-β production, but showed no effects on pCTB proliferation or apoptosis. Furthermore, NSC-23766 and H-89 each blocked the effects of Y-27632, suggesting that Y-27632 significantly enhanced pCTB differentiation via Rac1 and PKA activation. Our findings suggest that Rac1 and PKA may be interactively involved in CTB differentiation, and addition of Y-27632 to cultures may be an effective method for creating a stable culture model for studying CTB and STB biology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (K. Motomura); (K. Matsumoto)
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Tamari
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Orimo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Matsuda
- Division of Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Imadome
- Division of Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Fujieda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (K. Motomura); (K. Matsumoto)
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Majali-Martinez A, Velicky P, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M, Yung HW, Burton GJ, Tabrizi-Wizsy NG, Lang U, Hiden U, Desoye G, Dieber-Rotheneder M. Endothelin-1 down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase 14 and 15 expression in human first trimester trophoblasts via endothelin receptor type B. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:46-54. [PMID: 27864359 PMCID: PMC5165079 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 14 and 15 production and invasion of human first trimester trophoblasts? SUMMARY ANSWER ET-1 in pathophysiological concentrations down-regulates MMP14 and MMP15 expression via endothelin receptor (ETR) type B and decreases trophoblast migration and invasion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY MMP14 and MMP15 are involved in trophoblast invasion. Impairment of invasion has been linked to pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia (PE). ET-1 is up-regulated in PE. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In vitro study using primary human trophoblasts from 50 first trimester placentas (gestational week 7-12). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Trophoblasts were cultured in the absence or presence of 10-100 nM ET-1. MMP14 and MMP15 mRNA and protein were quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Selective antagonists for ETRA (BQ-123) or ETRB (BQ-788) were used to identify ETR subtypes involved. Functional ET-1 effects were tested in first trimester chorionic villous explants and transwell invasion assays. The roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (25 ng/ml) and oxygen (1%) in ET-1 regulation of MMP14 and 15 expression were assessed by Western blotting. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE ET-1 down-regulated MMP14 and MMP15 mRNA (-21% and -26%, respectively, P < 0.05) and protein levels (-18% and -22%, respectively, P < 0.05). This effect was mediated via ETRB. ET-1 decreased trophoblast outgrowth in placental explants (-24%, P < 0.05) and trophoblast invasion (-26%, P ≤ 0.01). TNF-α enhanced ET-1 mediated MMP15 down-regulation (by 10%, P < 0.05), whereas hypoxia abolished the effect of ET-1 on both MMPs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Only primary trophoblasts were used in this study. Since trophoblast yield from first trimester placental material is limited, further aspects of MMP14 and 15 regulation could not be characterized. Other anti-invasive factors may be altered by ET-1 in trophoblasts and, thus, contribute to the reduced invasion, but have not been investigated. Oxygen levels similar to those found in the decidua (5-8% O2) were not analyzed in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS ET-1 modifies placental function already during the first trimester of pregnancy, the time-window when the placental changes implicated in PE occur. Thus, our results improve the understanding of the placental mechanisms underlying trophoblast invasion and PE. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Anniversary Fund, project number: 14796) and the Herzfelder'sche Familienstiftung (to J.P.; number: 00685). AMM received funding from the Austrian Science Fund FWF (W1241) and the Medical University Graz through the PhD Program Molecular Fundamentals of Inflammation (DK-MOLIN). The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Philipp Velicky
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3 EG, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3 EG, UK
| | - Nassim Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, SFL Chicken CAM Lab, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31a, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Uwe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Martina Dieber-Rotheneder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, Graz 8036, Austria
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Majali-Martinez A, Hiden U, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Lang U, Desoye G, Dieber-Rotheneder M. Placental membrane-type metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs): Key players in pregnancy. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:136-46. [PMID: 26745344 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are a sub-family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Although MT-MMPs have been mainly characterized in tumor biology, they also play a relevant role during pregnancy. Placental MT-MMPs are required for cytotrophoblast migration and invasion of the uterine wall and in the remodeling of the spiral arteries. They are involved in the fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form the syncytiotrophoblast as well as in angiogenesis. All these processes are crucial for establishing and maintaining a successful pregnancy and, thus, MT-MMP activity has to be tightly regulated in time and space. Indeed, a de-regulation of MT-MMP expression has been linked with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and was also found in maternal obesity. Here we review what is currently known about MT-MMPs in the placenta, with a focus on their general features, their localization and their involvement in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Hiden
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | - Uwe Lang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Martina Dieber-Rotheneder
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,c Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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18
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Li L, Schust DJ. Isolation, purification and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells from human term placenta. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:71. [PMID: 26156160 PMCID: PMC4497497 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to human placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to establish this important model using modern but readily available tools and reagents. METHODS Villous cytotrophoblast cells are obtained from term placenta using mild enzymatic degradation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, negative magnetic cell sorting using an antibody against classical major histocompatibility complex molecules and in vitro culture on a matrix-coated growth surface. RESULTS The purity of isolated cytotrophoblast cells exceeds 98 % as assessed by cytokeratin-7 expression using flow cytometry. Contamination by mesenchymal cells, extravillous trophoblast cells, leukocytes, Hofbauer and endothelial cells is minimized (less than 2 % when analyzed for vimentin, HLA-G, CD45, CD163 and CD31 using flow cytometry). Isolated cytotrophoblast cells began to aggregate into monolayers of mononucleated cells within about 12 h of plating. By 72 h in culture, most cytotrophoblast cells have differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast as demonstrated by a loss of intercellular E-cadherin expression upon fusion into multinucleated syncytia. After 72 h in culture, nearly every cultured cell expresses syncytiotrophoblast markers, including cytokeratin-7, human chorionic gonadotropin-β (β-hCG) and the fusion-related proteins glial cell missing-1 (GCM-1) and syncytin. CONCLUSIONS We present an efficient and reliable method for isolating of cytotrophoblast cells with high purity and complete differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 500 N. Keene Street, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou First People's Hospital, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 500 N. Keene Street, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Cvitic S, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Bilban M, Majali-Martinez A, Schramke K, Desoye G, Hiden U. Different Preference of Degradome in Invasion versus Angiogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:181-94. [PMID: 26068777 DOI: 10.1159/000381766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are required for a multitude of cellular processes including homeostatic tissue remodelling, invasion and angiogenesis. The physiological function of a cell or tissue is reflected by the set of proteases expressed, also termed degradome. The role of proteases in invasion and angiogenesis has been studied intensively, mostly in cancer. We aimed to compare the set of proteases required for physiological invasion versus physiological angiogenesis from cells deriving from the same organ, and to identify the proteases specific for each process. The human placenta comprises trophoblasts that invade the maternal uterus in a regulated, physiological manner, and it is the source of primary endothelial cells. We isolated the trophoblasts and endothelial cells and verified their invasive phenotype and angiogenic properties, respectively. We then performed gene expression analysis of the degradome, e.g. cysteine, metallo, serine, threonine and aspartic proteases, identified the differentially expressed proteases among the trophoblasts and endothelial cells, and clustered them hierarchically. The results revealed that the set of proteases in trophoblasts versus in endothelial cells overlaps, with a total of 69% in common. Nevertheless, 42% of the studied degradomes differed, with a fold change ≥2. For instance, metalloproteinases were predominantly expressed in trophoblasts, and 31% of the proteases were exclusively expressed in either trophoblasts or endothelial cells; this suggests particular roles for these proteases in either invasion or angiogenesis. Our data identify common and distinct proteases in cells capable of performing invasion and angiogenesis, and may provide basic information for the design of techniques to specifically investigate invasion or angiogenesis.
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Zhou Y, Yuge A, Rajah AM, Unek G, Rinaudo PF, Maltepe E. LIMK1 regulates human trophoblast invasion/differentiation and is down-regulated in preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3321-31. [PMID: 25307528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful human pregnancy requires extensive invasion of maternal uterine tissues by the placenta. Invasive extravillous trophoblasts derived from cytotrophoblast progenitors remodel maternal arterioles to promote blood flow to the placenta. In the pregnancy complication preeclampsia, extravillous trophoblasts invasion and vessel remodeling are frequently impaired, likely contributing to fetal underperfusion and maternal hypertension. We recently demonstrated in mouse trophoblast stem cells that hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2)-dependent Lim domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) expression regulates invasive trophoblast differentiation by modulating the trophoblast cytoskeleton. Interestingly, in humans, LIMK1 activity promotes tumor cell invasion by modulating actin and microtubule integrity, as well as by modulating matrix metalloprotease processing. Here, we tested whether HIF-2α and LIMK1 expression patterns suggested similar roles in the human placenta. We found that LIMK1 immunoreactivity mirrored HIF-2α in the human placenta in utero and that LIMK1 activity regulated human cytotrophoblast cytoskeletal integrity, matrix metallopeptidase-9 secretion, invasion, and differentiation in vitro. Importantly, we also found that LIMK1 levels are frequently diminished in the preeclampsia setting in vivo. Our results therefore validate the use of mouse trophoblast stem cells as a discovery platform for human placentation disorders and suggest that LIMK1 activity helps promote human placental development in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Akitoshi Yuge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony M Rajah
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Gozde Unek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paolo F Rinaudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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