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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. Classical cadherins in the testis: how are they regulated? Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:641-660. [PMID: 37717581 DOI: 10.1071/rd23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins (CDH) are crucial intercellular adhesion molecules, contributing to morphogenesis and creating tissue barriers by regulating cells' movement, clustering and differentiation. In the testis, classical cadherins such as CDH1, CDH2 and CDH3 are critical to gonadogenesis by promoting the migration and the subsequent clustering of primordial germ cells with somatic cells. While CDH2 is present in both Sertoli and germ cells in rodents, CDH1 is primarily detected in undifferentiated spermatogonia. As for CDH3, its expression is mainly found in germ and pre-Sertoli cells in developing gonads until the establishment of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). This barrier is made of Sertoli cells forming intercellular junctional complexes. The restructuring of the BTB allows the movement of early spermatocytes toward the apical compartment as they differentiate during a process called spermatogenesis. CDH2 is among many junctional proteins participating in this process and is regulated by several pathways. While cytokines promote the disassembly of the BTB by enhancing junctional protein endocytosis for degradation, testosterone facilitates the assembly of the BTB by increasing the recycling of endocytosed junctional proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are also mediators of the BTB kinetics in many chemically induced damages in the testis. In addition to regulating Sertoli cell functions, follicle stimulating hormone can also regulate the expression of CDH2. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on regulatory mechanisms of cadherin localisation and expression in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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2
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Katoch O, Ungalara R, Kaminski T, Li Z, Dubey RK, Burholt I, Gudapati S, Pradhan-Sundd T. Long-Term L-Glutamine Treatment Reduces Hemolysis without Ameliorating Hepatic Vaso-Occlusion and Liver Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2412. [PMID: 37760853 PMCID: PMC10526062 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive monogenic disorder caused by a homozygous mutation in the β-globin gene, which leads to erythrocyte sickling, hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and sterile inflammation. The administration of oral L-glutamine has been shown to reduce the frequency of pain in SCD patients; however, the long-term effect of L-glutamine in SCD remains to be determined. To understand the long-term effect of L-glutamine administration in the liver we used quantitative liver intravital microscopy and biochemical analysis in humanized SCD mice. We here show that chronic L-glutamine administration reduces hepatic hemoglobin-heme-iron levels but fails to ameliorate ischemic liver injury. Remarkably, we found that this failure in the resolution of hepatobiliary injury and persistent liver fibrosis is associated with the reduced expression of hepatic Kupffer cells post-L-glutamine treatment. These findings establish the importance of investigating the long-term effects of L-glutamine therapy on liver pathophysiology in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omika Katoch
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Ungalara
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tomasz Kaminski
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ziming Li
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rikesh K. Dubey
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Isabella Burholt
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shweta Gudapati
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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3
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Guadalupi G, Contini C, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Faa G, Onali S, Chessa L, Vitorino R, Amado F, Diaz G, Manconi B, Cabras T, Olianas A. Combined Salivary Proteome Profiling and Machine Learning Analysis Provides Insight into Molecular Signature for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12207. [PMID: 37569584 PMCID: PMC10418803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune liver diseases that target the liver and have a wide spectrum of presentation. A global overview of quantitative variations on the salivary proteome in presence of these two pathologies is investigated in this study. The acid-insoluble salivary fraction of AIH and PBC patients, and healthy controls (HCs), was analyzed using a gel-based bottom-up proteomic approach combined with a robust machine learning statistical analysis of the dataset. The abundance of Arginase, Junction plakoglobin, Desmoplakin, Hexokinase-3 and Desmocollin-1 decreased, while that of BPI fold-containing family A member 2 increased in AIHp compared to HCs; the abundance of Gelsolin, CD14, Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, Clusterin, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1, Cofilin-1 and BPI fold-containing family B member 2 increased in PBCp compared to HCs. The abundance of Hornerin decreased in both AIHp and PBCp with respect to HCs and provided an area under the ROC curve of 0.939. Machine learning analysis confirmed the feasibility of the salivary proteome to discriminate groups of subjects based on AIH or PBC occurrence as previously suggested by our group. The topology-based functional enrichment analysis performed on these potential salivary biomarkers highlights an enrichment of terms mostly related to the immune system, but also with a strong involvement in liver fibrosis process and with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guadalupi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario IRCCS “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gavino Faa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Simona Onali
- Liver Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Liver Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (C.C.); (T.C.); (A.O.)
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Pryymachuk G, El-Awaad E, Piekarek N, Drebber U, Maul AC, Hescheler J, Wodarz A, Pfitzer G, Neiss WF, Pietsch M, Schroeter MM. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor localizes at the blood-bile barrier in humans and pigs. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:513-524. [PMID: 35229169 PMCID: PMC9114028 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models and clinical studies suggest an influence of angiotensin II (AngII) on the pathogenesis of liver diseases via the renin–angiotensin system. AngII application increases portal blood pressure, reduces bile flow, and increases permeability of liver tight junctions. Establishing the subcellular localization of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), the main AngII receptor, helps to understand the effects of AngII on the liver. We localized AT1R in situ in human and porcine liver and porcine gallbladder by immunohistochemistry. In order to do so, we characterized commercial anti-AT1R antibodies regarding their capability to recognize heterologous human AT1R in immunocytochemistry and on western blots, and to detect AT1R using overlap studies and AT1R-specific blocking peptides. In hepatocytes and canals of Hering, AT1R displayed a tram-track-like distribution, while in cholangiocytes AT1R appeared in a honeycomb-like pattern; i.e., in liver epithelia, AT1R showed an equivalent distribution to that in the apical junctional network, which seals bile canaliculi and bile ducts along the blood–bile barrier. In intrahepatic blood vessels, AT1R was most prominent in the tunica media. We confirmed AT1R localization in situ to the plasma membrane domain, particularly between tight and adherens junctions in both human and porcine hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and gallbladder epithelial cells using different anti-AT1R antibodies. Localization of AT1R at the junctional complex could explain previously reported AngII effects and predestines AT1R as a transmitter of tight junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Pryymachuk
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ehab El-Awaad
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Nadin Piekarek
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Maul
- Experimental Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram F Neiss
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mechthild M Schroeter
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Pradhan-Sundd T, Liu S, Singh S, Poddar M, Ko S, Bell A, Franks J, Huck I, Stolz D, Apte U, Ranganathan S, Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Dual β-Catenin and γ-Catenin Loss in Hepatocytes Impacts Their Polarity through Altered Transforming Growth Factor-β and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:885-901. [PMID: 33662348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are highly polarized epithelia. Loss of hepatocyte polarity is associated with various liver diseases, including cholestasis. However, the molecular underpinnings of hepatocyte polarization remain poorly understood. Loss of β-catenin at adherens junctions is compensated by γ-catenin and dual loss of both catenins in double knockouts (DKOs) in mice liver leads to progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. However, the clinical relevance of this observation, and further phenotypic characterization of the phenotype, is important. Herein, simultaneous loss of β-catenin and γ-catenin was identified in a subset of liver samples from patients of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatocytes in DKO mice exhibited defects in apical-basolateral localization of polarity proteins, impaired bile canaliculi formation, and loss of microvilli. Loss of polarity in DKO livers manifested as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased hepatocyte proliferation, and suppression of hepatocyte differentiation, which was associated with up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling and repression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression and activity. In conclusion, concomitant loss of the two catenins in the liver may play a pathogenic role in subsets of cholangiopathies. The findings also support a previously unknown role of β-catenin and γ-catenin in the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity. Improved understanding of the regulation of hepatocyte polarization processes by β-catenin and γ-catenin may potentially benefit development of new therapies for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Bell
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Huck
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Donna Stolz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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6
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Pradhan-Sundd T, Kosar K, Saggi H, Zhang R, Vats R, Cornuet P, Green S, Singh S, Zeng G, Sundd P, Nejak-Bowen K. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Plays a Protective Role in the Mdr2 Knockout Murine Model of Cholestatic Liver Disease. Hepatology 2020; 71:1732-1749. [PMID: 31489648 PMCID: PMC7058521 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a well-described role in liver pathobiology. Its suppression was recently shown to decrease bile acid (BA) synthesis, thus preventing the development of cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis after bile duct ligation (BDL). APPROACH AND RESULTS To generalize these observations, we suppressed β-catenin in Mdr2 knockout (KO) mice, which develop sclerosing cholangitis due to regurgitation of BA from leaky ducts. When β-catenin was knocked down (KD) in KO for 2 weeks, hepatic and biliary injury were exacerbated in comparison to KO given placebo, as shown by serum biochemistry, ductular reaction, inflammation, and fibrosis. Simultaneously, KO/KD livers displayed increased oxidative stress and senescence and an impaired regenerative response. Although the total liver BA levels were similar between KO/KD and KO, there was significant dysregulation of BA transporters and BA detoxification/synthesis enzymes in KO/KD compared with KO alone. Multiphoton intravital microscopy revealed a mixing of blood and bile in the sinusoids, and validated the presence of increased serum BA in KO/KD mice. Although hepatocyte junctions were intact, KO/KD livers had significant canalicular defects, which resulted from loss of hepatocyte polarity. Thus, in contrast to the protective effect of β-catenin KD in BDL model, β-catenin KD in Mdr2 KO aggravated rather than alleviated injury by interfering with expression of BA transporters, hepatocyte polarity, canalicular structure, and the regenerative response. CONCLUSIONS The resulting imbalance between ongoing injury and restitution led to worsening of the Mdr2 KO phenotype, suggesting caution in targeting β-catenin globally for all cholestatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karis Kosar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Harvinder Saggi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ravi Vats
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pamela Cornuet
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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The Many Roles of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Hepatic Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121503. [PMID: 31771248 PMCID: PMC6952767 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrogenesis is a progressive scarring event resulting from disrupted regular wound healing due to repeated tissue injury and can end in organ failure, like in liver cirrhosis. The protagonists in this process, either liver-resident cells or patrolling leukocytes attracted to the site of tissue damage, interact with each other by soluble factors but also by direct cell–cell contact mediated by cell adhesion molecules. Since cell adhesion molecules also support binding to the extracellular matrix, they represent excellent biosensors, which allow cells to modulate their behavior based on changes in the surrounding microenvironment. In this review, we focus on selectins, cadherins, integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules as well as some non-classical cell adhesion molecules in the context of hepatic fibrosis. We describe their liver-specific contributions to leukocyte recruitment, cell differentiation and survival, matrix remodeling or angiogenesis and touch on their suitability as targets in antifibrotic therapies.
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Increased Expression of Adherens Junction Components in Mouse Liver following Bile Duct Ligation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100636. [PMID: 31652629 PMCID: PMC6843439 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions, consisting of cadherins and catenins, are a group of cell-to-cell junctions that mediate mechanistic linkage between neighboring cells. By doing so, adherens junctions ensure direct intercellular contact and play an indispensable role in maintaining tissue architecture. Considering these critical functions, it is not surprising that adherens junctions are frequently involved in disease. In the present study, the effects of bile duct ligation—a surgical procedure to experimentally induce cholestatic and fibrotic liver pathology—on hepatic adherens junctions were investigated in mice. In essence, it was found that liver mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin and γ-catenin drastically increase following bile duct ligation. These results could suggest a cytoprotective role for hepatic adherens junctions following bile duct ligation.
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Tang X, Tian J, Xie L, Ji Y. γ-catenin alleviates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting phosphorylation of GSK-3β. J Biomed Res 2019; 0:1-9. [PMID: 31741464 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many cardiovascular diseases. β-catenin has been shown to promote fibrosis. However, the precise role of its homolog γ-catenin in the process of fibrosis remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of γ-catenin was significantly decreased in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced cardiac fibrosis model, contrary to most reports of β-catenin. Overexpression of γ-catenin in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) significantly inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), whereas knocking down the expression of γ-catenin with siRNA promoted the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, γ-catenin could bind to GSK-3β to inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, therefore preventing cardiac fibrosis. Our study shows that γ-catenin is an important protective factor in cardiac fibrosis, which provides a new potential target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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10
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Francis H, Kennedy L, Alpini G. Dual ablation of β- and γ-catenin: Critical regulators of junctions and their functions. Hepatology 2018; 67:2079-2081. [PMID: 29272046 PMCID: PMC5992007 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The duality of β- and γ–catenin during liver injury has not been defined. It’s well known that loss of β-catenin plays a critical role in overall liver health and is a major component of adherens junctions (AJ). Further, γ-catenin has been shown to regulate β-catenin and vice-versa. In this excellent manuscript, the authors investigated the effects of knocking out both β- and γ–catenin creating a β-;γ-catenin-double knockout (DKO). The result of this interbreeding revealed a model that is reminiscent of early childhood cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) like Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC). The authors provide both in vivo and in vitro data to demonstrate the important role of these catenin genes in the regulation of hepatocyte-junctions. The experiments show partially redundant function of catenin’s at hepatocyte AJ in regulating tight junctions (TJ) and contributing to a disrupted blood-bile barrier. Further, concomitant hepatic loss of β- and γ-catenin disrupts structural and functional integrity of AJ and TJ via transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. Overall, these studies shed important light on junctional protein dysregulation during CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas, USA,Medicine, Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Medicine, Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas, USA,Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA,Medicine, Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
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Pradhan-Sundd T, Zhou L, Vats R, Jiang A, Molina L, Singh S, Poddar M, Russell JM, Stolz DB, Oertel M, Apte U, Watkins S, Ranganathan S, Nejak-Bowen KN, Sundd P, Monga SP. Dual catenin loss in murine liver causes tight junctional deregulation and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatology 2018; 67:2320-2337. [PMID: 29023813 PMCID: PMC5893443 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED β-Catenin, the downstream effector of the Wnt signaling, plays important roles in hepatic development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. However, its role at hepatocyte adherens junctions (AJ) is relatively poorly understood, chiefly due to spontaneous compensation by γ-catenin. We simultaneously ablated β- and γ-catenin expression in mouse liver by interbreeding β-catenin-γ-catenin double-floxed mice and Alb-Cre transgenic mice. Double knockout mice show failure to thrive, impaired hepatocyte differentiation, cholemia, ductular reaction, progressive cholestasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis, which was associated with deregulation of tight junctions (TJ) and bile acid transporters, leading to early morbidity and mortality, a phenotype reminiscent of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). To address the mechanism, we specifically and temporally eliminated both catenins from hepatocytes using adeno-associated virus 8 carrying Cre-recombinase under the thyroid-binding globulin promoter (AAV8-TBG-Cre). This led to a time-dependent breach of the blood-biliary barrier associated with sequential disruption of AJ and TJ verified by ultrastructural imaging and intravital microscopy, which revealed unique paracellular leaks around individual hepatocytes, allowing mixing of blood and bile and leakage of blood from one sinusoid to another. Molecular analysis identified sequential losses of E-cadherin, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-5 due to enhanced proteasomal degradation, and of claudin-2, a β-catenin transcriptional target, which was also validated in vitro. CONCLUSION We report partially redundant function of catenins at AJ in regulating TJ and contributing to the blood-biliary barrier. Furthermore, concomitant hepatic loss of β- and γ-catenin disrupts structural and functional integrity of AJ and TJ via transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. Mice with dual catenin loss develop progressive intrahepatic cholestasis, providing a unique model to study diseases such as PFIC. (Hepatology 2018;67:2320-2337).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Zhou
- Dept. of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - An Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laura Molina
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacquelyn M Russell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kari N. Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Satdarshan Pal Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Address Correspondence to: Satdarshan P. S. Monga, MD, FAASLD., Endowed Chair for Experimental Pathology, Director: Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Professor of Pathology (EP) & Medicine (Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition), Assistant Dean and Co-Director: Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street S-422 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Tel: (412) 648-9966; Fax: (412) 648-1916;
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Aktary Z, Alaee M, Pasdar M. Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Plakoglobin and the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32270-32291. [PMID: 28416759 PMCID: PMC5458283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plakoglobin (also known as? -catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β -catenin. Plakoglobin is a component of both the adherens junctions and desmosomes, and therefore plays a vital role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. Similar to β -catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. In this context, β -catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. In contrast, while some studies have suggested a tumor promoting activity of plakoglobin in a cell/malignancy specific context, it generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. This review is primarily focused on various mechanisms by which plakoglobin may inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackie Aktary
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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