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Husso M, Afara IO, Nissi MJ, Kuivanen A, Halonen P, Tarkia M, Teuho J, Saunavaara V, Vainio P, Sipola P, Manninen H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Töyräs J. Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow by Machine Learning Analysis of Modified Dual Bolus MRI Examination. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:653-662. [PMID: 32820382 PMCID: PMC7851105 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising method for estimating myocardial blood flow (MBF). However, it is often affected by noise from imaging artefacts, such as dark rim artefact obscuring relevant features. Machine learning enables extracting important features from such noisy data and is increasingly applied in areas where traditional approaches are limited. In this study, we investigate the capacity of machine learning, particularly support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF), for estimating MBF from tissue impulse response signal in an animal model. Domestic pigs (n = 5) were subjected to contrast enhanced first pass MRI (MRI-FP) and the impulse response at different regions of the myocardium (n = 24/pig) were evaluated at rest (n = 120) and stress (n = 96). Reference MBF was then measured using positron emission tomography (PET). Since the impulse response may include artefacts, classification models based on SVM and RF were developed to discriminate noisy signal. In addition, regression models based on SVM, RF and linear regression (for comparison) were developed for estimating MBF from the impulse response at rest and stress. The classification and regression models were trained on data from 4 pigs (n = 168) and tested on 1 pig (n = 48). Models based on SVM and RF outperformed linear regression, with higher correlation (RSVM2 = 0.81, RRF2 = 0.74, Rlinear_regression2 = 0.60; ρSVM = 0.76, ρRF = 0.76, ρlinear_regression = 0.71) and lower error (RMSESVM = 0.67 mL/g/min, RMSERF = 0.77 mL/g/min, RMSElinear_regression = 0.96 mL/g/min) for predicting MBF from MRI impulse response signal. Classifier based on SVM was optimal for detecting impulse response signals with artefacts (accuracy = 92%). Modified dual bolus MRI signal, combined with machine learning, has potential for accurately estimating MBF at rest and stress states, even from signals with dark rim artefacts. This could provide a protocol for reliable and easy estimation of MBF, although further research is needed to clinically validate the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Husso
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Isaac O Afara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Kuivanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecule Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Halonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecule Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miikka Tarkia
- Turku PET Centre, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauli Vainio
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Sipola
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Manninen
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecule Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Andersson C, Lyass A, Larson MG, Spartano NL, Vita JA, Benjamin EJ, Murabito JM, Esliger DW, Blease SJ, Hamburg NM, Mitchell GF, Vasan RS. Physical activity measured by accelerometry and its associations with cardiac structure and vascular function in young and middle-aged adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001528. [PMID: 25792127 PMCID: PMC4392434 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with several health benefits, including lower cardiovascular disease risk. The independent influence of physical activity on cardiac and vascular function in the community, however, has been sparsely investigated. MEASURES AND RESULTS We related objective measures of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA, assessed by accelerometry) to cardiac and vascular indices in 2376 participants of the Framingham Heart Study third generation cohort (54% women, mean age 47 years). Using multivariable regression models, we related MVPA to the following echocardiographic and vascular measures: left ventricular mass, left atrial and aortic root sizes, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and forward pressure wave. Men and women engaged in MVPA 29.9±21.4 and 25.5±19.4 min/day, respectively. Higher values of MVPA (per 10-minute increment) were associated with lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (estimate -0.53 ms/m; P=0.006) and lower forward pressure wave (estimate -0.23 mm Hg; P=0.03) but were not associated with augmentation index (estimate 0.13%; P=0.25). MVPA was associated positively with log(e) left ventricular mass (estimate 0.006 log(e) [g/m(2)]; P=0.0003), left ventricular wall thickness (estimate 0.07 mm; P=0.0001), and left atrial dimension (estimate 0.10 mm; P=0.01). MVPA also tended to be positively associated with aortic root dimension (estimate 0.05 mm; P=0.052). Associations of MVPA with cardiovascular measures were similar, in general, for bouts lasting <10 versus ≥10 minutes. CONCLUSIONS In our community-based sample, greater physical activity was associated with lower vascular stiffness but with higher echocardiographic left ventricular mass and left atrial size. These findings suggest complex relations of usual levels of physical activity and cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.A., N.L.S., E.J.B., J.M.M., R.S.V.) Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.A.)
| | - Asya Lyass
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA (A.L., M.G.L.)
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA (A.L., M.G.L.)
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.A., N.L.S., E.J.B., J.M.M., R.S.V.) The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N.L.S., J.A.V., N.M.H.)
| | - Joseph A Vita
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N.L.S., J.A.V., N.M.H.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.A., N.L.S., E.J.B., J.M.M., R.S.V.) Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.J.B., R.S.V.)
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.A., N.L.S., E.J.B., J.M.M., R.S.V.)
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (D.W.E.)
| | - Susan J Blease
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.)
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N.L.S., J.A.V., N.M.H.)
| | | | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (C.A., A.L., M.G.L., E.J.B., J.M.M., S.J.B., R.S.V.) Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.A., N.L.S., E.J.B., J.M.M., R.S.V.) Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.J.B., R.S.V.)
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Matsuo T, Saotome K, Seino S, Shimojo N, Matsushita A, Iemitsu M, Ohshima H, Tanaka K, Mukai C. Effects of a low-volume aerobic-type interval exercise on VO2max and cardiac mass. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:42-50. [PMID: 23846165 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a38da8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of time-efficient, low-volume interval exercises on cardiorespiratory capacity and left ventricular (LV) mass with traditional continuous exercise in sedentary adults. METHODS Forty-two healthy but sedentary male subjects (age 26.5 ± 6.2 yr) participated in an 8-wk, five times per week, supervised exercise intervention. They were randomly assigned to one of three exercise protocols: sprint interval training (SIT, 5 min, 100 kcal), high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIAT, 13 min, 180 kcal), and continuous aerobic training (CAT, 40 min, 360 kcal). Cardiorespiratory capacity (V˙O2max) and LV mass (3T-MRI) were measured preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS We observed significant (P < 0.01) increases in V˙O2max in all three groups, and the effect of the HIAT was the greatest of the three (SIT, 16.7% ± 11.6%; HIAT, 22.5% ± 12.2%; CAT, 10.0% ± 8.9%; P = 0.01). There were significant changes in LV mass, stroke volume (SV), and resting HR in both the SIT (LV mass, 6.5% ± 8.3%; SV, 5.3% ± 8.3%; HR, -7.3% ± 11.1%; all P < 0.05) and HIAT (LV mass, 8.0% ± 8.3%; SV, 12.1% ± 9.8%; HR, -12.7% ± 12.2%; all P < 0.01) but not in the CAT (LV mass, 2.5% ± 10.1%; SV, 3.6% ± 6.6%; HR, -2.2% ± 13.3%; all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that V˙O2max improvement with the HIAT was greater than with the CAT despite the HIAT being performed with a far lower volume and in far less time than the CAT. This suggests that the HIAT has potential as a time-efficient training mode to improve V˙O2max in sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Matsuo
- 1Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, JAPAN; 2Hazard Evaluation and Epidemiology Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, JAPAN; 3Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN; 4Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN; and 5Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, JAPAN
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Lane AD, Yan H, Ranadive SM, Kappus RM, Sun P, Cook MD, Harvey I, Woods J, Wilund K, Fernhall B. Sex differences in ventricular-vascular coupling following endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:2597-606. [PMID: 25142819 PMCID: PMC4228114 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction
Ventricular and vascular coupling is defined as the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Elv) and describes the interaction between the heart and arterial system. There are sex differences in both arterial and ventricular function in response to both acute exercise and aerobic exercise training. Purpose To examine the effects of aerobic exercise training on elastances and the coupling ratio in young adult men and women. We hypothesized a reduction in the coupling ratio in both sexes due to a decrease in Ea that would be more pronounced in men and an increase in Elv that would be larger in women. Methods Fifty-three healthy, young adults completed the study. Central pulse wave velocity and heart volumes were measured before and after an 8-week aerobic training intervention. Elastances were calculated as Ea = end-systolic pressure/stroke volume and Elv = end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume and indexed to body surface area. Results After the intervention, women augmented indexed and un-indexed Elv from 2.09 ± 0.61 to 2.52 ± 0.80 mmHg/ml, p < 0.05, and reduced the coupling ratio from 0.72 ± 18 to 0.62 ± 15, p < 0.05, while men maintained their pre-training ratio (from 0.66 ± 0.20 to 0.74 ± 0.21, p > 0.05). Women also reduced end-systolic pressure (from 91 ± 10 to 87 ± 10 mmHg), and both groups reduced central pulse wave velocity (from 6.0 ± 1.0 to 5.6 ± 0.6 m/s, p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that after 8 weeks of aerobic training, only women reduced their coupling ratio due to an increase in Elv. This suggests that aerobic exercise training elicits sex-dependent changes in the coupling ratio in young, healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Lane
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Gielen
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Strümpellstraße 39, Leipzig, Germany
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Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Hesselink MKC, Meex R, van der Made S, Schär M, Lamb H, Wildberger JE, Glatz J, Snoep G, Kooi ME, Schrauwen P. Improved ejection fraction after exercise training in obesity is accompanied by reduced cardiac lipid content. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1932-8. [PMID: 20173015 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle and cardiac lipid accumulation are associated with diminished insulin sensitivity and cardiac function, respectively. In skeletal muscle, physical activity paradoxically increases fat accumulation, despite improvement in insulin sensitivity. Whether cardiac muscle responds similarly remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate cardiac lipid content and cardiac function after a 12-wk training program. DESIGN This was an intervention study with pre/postmeasurements. SETTING The study was conducted at Maastricht University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 14 healthy, male overweight/obese subjects (age 58.4 +/- 0.9 yr, body mass index 29.9 +/- 0.01 kg/m(2)). INTERVENTION Intervention included a supervised 12-wk training program with three sessions per week (endurance and strength training). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maximal whole-body oxygen uptake, fasting plasma parameters, systolic function (by CINE-magnetic resonance imaging), and cardiac lipid content (by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were measured. RESULTS Maximal whole-body oxygen uptake increased (from 2559 +/- 131 to 2702 +/- 124 ml/min after training, P = 0.05). Plasma concentrations of glucose decreased (from 6.3 +/- 0.2 to 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter, P < 0.001); plasma triacylglycerols and (free) fatty acids did not change. Also, body weight (from 94.2 +/- 3.6 to 92.9 +/- 3.6 kg, P = 0.10) and fat percentage (from 33.6 +/- 1.7 to 32.5 +/- 2.0%, P = 0.14) was unchanged. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved (from 52.2 +/- 1.3 to 54.2 +/- 1.2%, P = 0.02), and cardiac lipid content in the septum was decreased after training (0.99 +/- 0.15 to 0.54 +/- 0.04%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of endurance/strength training significantly reduced cardiac lipid content in overweight subjects and was paralleled by improved ejection fraction. This is in line with a lipotoxic action of (excess) cardiac lipids on cardiac function, although a causal relationship cannot be derived from this study. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of cardiac lipid content in the etiology of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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