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Azzalini L, Boukhris M. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Anterior Descending Chronic Total Occlusion: Watch Out for Myocardial Bridging! JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 17:502-504. [PMID: 38340100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Azzalini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Kurup R, Wijeysundera HC, Bagur R, Ybarra LF. Complete Versus Incomplete Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Mediated Revascularization in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 47:86-92. [PMID: 36266152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with worse outcomes across the spectrum of clinical presentations. The prognostic implications of completeness of revascularization in CAD patients, especially those with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), remain highly debated. This is largely due to the use of non-standardized definitions for complete revascularization (CR) and incomplete revascularization (ICR) within previously published studies, lack of randomized clinical data, varying revascularization methods and heterogenous study populations. In particular, the utility and effectiveness of PCI-mediated CR for CCS remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the various definitions used for CR vs. ICR, highlight the rationale for pursuing CR and summarise the current literature regarding the effects of PCI-mediated CR on clinical outcomes in patients with CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kurup
- Chronic Total Occlusion Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rodrigo Bagur
- Chronic Total Occlusion Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Luiz F Ybarra
- Chronic Total Occlusion Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Akbari T, Al-Lamee R. Percutaneous coronary intervention in multi-vessel disease. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2022; 44:80-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.06.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Procedural Outcomes in Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Interventions within Chronic Total Occlusions Stratified by Gender. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051419. [PMID: 35268510 PMCID: PMC8911020 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that gender differences are related to different procedural and long-term clinical outcomes among a general patient population treated using percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The objective of our analysis was to conduct assessment regarding the relationship between gender and procedural outcomes in patients treated for PCI regarding chronic total occlusions (CTO), based on a large, real-life registry. Data used to conduct the following analysis was derived from the national registry of percutaneous coronary interventions (ORPKI), upheld in co-operation with the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions (AISN) of the Polish Cardiac Society. The study involved data procured from the registry within the period from January 2014 to December 2020. All subsequent CTO procedures recorded in the registry during that period were included in the analysis. We assessed the correlation between gender and the overall rate of periprocedural complications, procedure-related mortality, and success evaluated as TIMI flow grade 3 after the procedure by univariate and multivariable modeling. At the time of conducting our investigation, there were 162 existing and active CathLabs, at which 747,033 PCI procedures were carried out during the observational period. Of those, 14,903 (1.99%) were CTO-PCI procedures, and 3726 were women (25%). The percentage share between genders did not experience any significant changes during the consecutive years observed in the current analysis. Overall periprocedural complication rate was greater among women than men (3.45% vs. 2.31%, p = 0.02). A comparable relationship was noted for procedural mortality (0.7% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.006), while procedural success occurred more often in the case of women (69.3% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001). Women were found to be more frequently affected by periprocedural complications (OR = 1.553; 95%CI: 1.212−1.99, p < 0.001) as well as procedural success (OR = 1.294; 95%CI: 1.151−1.454, p < 0.001), evaluated using multivariable models. Based on the current analysis performed on all-comer patients treated using PCI in CTO, women are affected by more frequent procedural complication occurrence as well as greater procedural success compared to men.
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Lin S, Guan C, Wu F, Xie L, Zou T, Shi Y, Chen S, He L, Xu B, Zheng Z. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion and Multivessel Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:e011312. [PMID: 35167333 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.011312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been used increasingly as an alternative means of revascularization for patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease. We investigated 5-year clinical outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and PCI in patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, 4324 consecutive patients with ≥1 chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease were treated with either CABG (n=2264) or PCI (n=2060) between 2010 and 2013. The primary outcome was 5-year composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. An inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting method was used adjusting for both patient and lesion characteristics. RESULTS The unadjusted 5-year composite outcomes were similar between CABG group and PCI group (12.1% [258/2264] versus 11.4% [218/2060]; P=0.52). After adjustment for baseline variables, PCI was associated with significantly higher risk of composite outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.02-1.44]; P=0.03). The inferiority of PCI in 5-year composite outcome was significant in patients with CABG recommendation according to SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score II (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.55 [95% CI, 1.14-2.09]; P=0.005) but not evident in patients with PCI or PCI/CABG equipoise recommendation according to SYNTAX score II (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.75-1.17]; P=0.56). A similar risk of 5-year composite outcomes was observed between CABG and PCI with residual SYNTAX score ≤8. CONCLUSIONS In this single-center retrospective study among patients with chronic total occlusion and multivessel disease, PCI was associated with higher risk of 5-year composite death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (S.L., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changdong Guan
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongqiang Zou
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpu Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sipeng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Information Center (S.C.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li He
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Catheterization Laboratories (C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., B.X.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (S.L., C.G., F.W., L.X., T.Z., Y.S., S.C., L.H., B.X., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (S.L., Z.Z.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China (Z.Z.)
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Hirai T, Grantham JA. Indications and Patient Selection for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusions. Interv Cardiol Clin 2021; 10:1-5. [PMID: 33223098 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common indication for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is angina relief, which translates into improved physical function and quality of life. As the risk of the procedure is higher compared with non CTO PCI, it is important for operators to understand the current state of literature and have a detailed discussion with patients regarding risks and benefits prior to the procedure. This article discusses indications for the procedure and how to appropriately select patients for CTO PCI, in hopes of inspiring the reader to consistently offer this approach to indicated patients regardless of anatomic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Hirai
- University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - J Aaron Grantham
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, 4330 Wornall Road, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Schumacher SP, Kockx M, Stuijfzand WJ, Driessen RS, van Diemen PA, Bom MJ, Everaars H, Raijmakers PG, Boellaard R, van Rossum AC, Opolski MP, Nap A, Knaapen P. Ischaemic burden and changes in absolute myocardial perfusion after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. EUROINTERVENTION 2020; 16:e462-e471. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-19-00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Karacsonyi J, Xenogiannis I, Werner GS, Gershlick AH, Rinfret S, Yamane M, Avran A, Egred M, Garcia S, Burke MN, Brilakis ES. Latest developments in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:415-426. [PMID: 32594784 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1787153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CTO PCI) is now performed with high success rates and acceptable complication rates. AREAS COVERED We describe recent clinical and technological developments in CTO PCI from 2018 to 2020. EXPERT OPINION After publication of six randomized controlled trials, improving patient symptoms remains the principal indication for CTO PCI. Although good outcomes can be achieved with CTO PCI at experienced centers, success rates are significantly lower at less experienced centers, despite increased use in CTO crossing algorithms and development of novel and improved equipment and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Nikolakopoulos
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Evangelia Vemmou
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Judit Karacsonyi
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iosif Xenogiannis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gerald S Werner
- Medizinische Klinik I (Cardiology & Intensive Care), Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anthony H Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute of Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester, UK
| | - Stephane Rinfret
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masahisa Yamane
- Cardiology Department, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital , Saitama, Japan
| | - Alexandre Avran
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique Pasteur, Essey-lès-nancy , France
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Cardiothoracic Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University , Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Santiago Garcia
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Nicholas Burke
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emmanouil S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital , Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Pinto G, Fragasso G, Gemma M, Bertoldi L, Salerno A, Godino Md C, Colombo A, Azzalini L, Margonato A, Carlino M. Long-term clinical effects of recanalization of chronic coronary total occlusions in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 96:831-838. [PMID: 32187806 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present analysis is to evaluate the clinical impact of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) recanalization in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. BACKGROUND According to contemporary knowledge, patient selection for percutaneous CTO revascularization is not yet standardized. In particular, data on outcomes in patients with LV systolic dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO are scarce. METHODS From a total of 2,421 consecutive patients with at least one CTO, 436 patients with ejection fraction (EF) ≤45%, who were referred for coronary angiography between January 1998 and September 2014, were selected. Patients with successful recanalization of the target CTO were assigned to CTO-revascularized group and those with failed or not attempted recanalization to the CTO-not revascularized (CTO-NR) group. Study endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, and occurrence of myocardial infarction on follow-up. RESULTS Out of 436 CTO patients with reduced EF, 228 (52.3%) were successfully recanalized and 208 patients (47.7%) were not, either due to CTO-PCI failure (n = 106, 24.3%) or because CTO-PCI was not attempted (n = 102, 23.4%). At long-term follow-up, CTO-NR patients had significantly higher rate of overall (p = .021) and cardiac mortality (p = .035) compared to those successfully revascularized. CONCLUSION In patients with systolic LV dysfunction (EF ≤ 45%), CTO revascularization was associated with significant lower rate of total and cardiac mortality compared to those with nonrevascularized CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Gemma
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Azzalini L, Poletti E, Ayoub M, Ojeda S, Zivelonghi C, La Manna A, Bellini B, Lostalo A, Luque A, Venuti G, Montorfano M, Agostoni P, Pan M, Carlino M, Mashayekhi K. Coronary artery perforation during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and outcomes. EUROINTERVENTION 2019; 15:e804-e811. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-19-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Locker C, Greiten LE, Bell MR, Frye RL, Lerman A, Daly RC, Greason KL, Said SM, Lahr BD, Stulak JM, Dearani JA, Schaff HV. Repeat Coronary Bypass Surgery or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Previous Surgical Revascularization. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1743-1752. [PMID: 31486379 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess long-term survival with repeat coronary artery bypass grafting (RCABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with previous CABG. METHODS From January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2013, 1612 Mayo Clinic patients underwent RCABG (n=215) or PCI (n=1397) after previous CABG. The RCABG cohort was grouped by use of saphenous vein grafts only (n=75), or with additional arterial grafts (n=140); the PCI cohort by, bare metal stents (BMS; n=628), or drug-eluting stents (DES; n=769), and by the treated target into native coronary artery (n=943), bypass grafts only (n=338), or both (n=116). Multivariable regression and propensity score analysis (n=280 matched patients) were used. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, the 30-day mortality was increased in RCABG versus PCI patients (hazard ratio [HR], 5.32; 95%CI, 2.34-12.08; P<.001), but overall survival after 30 days improved with RCABG (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94; P=.01). Internal mammary arteries were used in 61% (129 of 215) of previous CABG patients and improved survival (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.98; P=.03). Patients treated with drug-eluting stent had better 10-year survival (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.91; P=.001) than those with bare metal stent alone. In matched patients, RCABG had improved late survival over PCI: 48% vs 33% (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.91; P=.02). Compared with RCABG, patients with PCI involving bypass grafts (n=60) had increased late mortality (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.10-2.37; P=.01), whereas those having PCI of native coronary arteries (n=80) did not (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.75-1.59; P=.65). CONCLUSION RCABG is associated with improved long-term survival after previous CABG, especially compared with PCI involving bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim Locker
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | | - Malcolm R Bell
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert L Frye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kevin L Greason
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sameh M Said
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian D Lahr
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Galassi AR, Werner GS, Boukhris M, Azzalini L, Mashayekhi K, Carlino M, Avran A, Konstantinidis NV, Grancini L, Bryniarski L, Garbo R, Bozinovic N, Gershlick AH, Rathore S, Di Mario C, Louvard Y, Reifart N, Sianos G. Percutaneous recanalisation of chronic total occlusions: 2019 consensus document from the EuroCTO Club. EUROINTERVENTION 2019; 15:198-208. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-18-00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Schumacher SP, Stuijfzand WJ, Opolski MP, van Rossum AC, Nap A, Knaapen P. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusions: When and How to Treat. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 20:513-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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