Argon plasma coagulation versus cold dissection in pediatric tonsillectomy

Non-Thermal Plasma Application in Medicine-Focus on Reactive Species Involvement

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) application in medicine is a dynamically developing interdisciplinary field. Despite the fact that basics of the plasma phenomenon have been known since the 19th century, growing scientific attention has been paid in recent years to the use of plasma in medicine. Three most important plasma-based effects are pivotal for medical applications: (i) inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms, (ii) stimulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis with lower plasma treatment intensity, and (iii) inactivation of cells by initialization of cell death with higher plasma intensity. In this review, we explain the underlying chemical processes and reactive species involvement during NTP in human (or animal) tissues, as well as in bacteria inactivation, which leads to sterilization and indirectly supports wound healing. In addition, plasma-mediated modifications of medical surfaces, such as surgical instruments or implants, are described. This review focuses on the existing knowledge on NTP-based in vitro and in vivo studies and highlights potential opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic methods. A full understanding of the NTP mechanisms of action is urgently needed for the further development of modern plasma-based medicine.

Argon plasma coagulation tonsillectomy versus coblation tonsillectomy: a comparison of efficacy and safety

BACKGROUND

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common otolaryngological procedures. Nonetheless, there is still no universally approved 'gold standard' technique.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the safety and efficacy of argon plasma coagulation and coblation techniques in tonsillectomy.

METHODS

A multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study was conducted, comprising 283 patients who underwent bilateral tonsillectomies performed by a single surgeon between 2014 and 2017. The outcome measures included: operative time, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative pain and post-operative haemorrhage.

RESULTS

In the argon plasma coagulation group, mean operative time and post-operative haemorrhage rate were significantly reduced, p = 0.0006 and p = 0.003 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of post-operative pain and intra-operative blood loss.

CONCLUSION

The argon plasma coagulation technique is easy, safe and efficacious. Argon plasma coagulation tonsillectomy seems cost-effective compared to coblation tonsillectomy: the single-use disposable electrode tip and wand used in this study cost AUD$76.50 and AUD$380 respectively. Argon plasma coagulation appears to be a favourable alternative to current modalities such as coblation.

Hemorrhage after tonsillectomy: does the surgical technique really matter?

A thorough review of the publications on surgical techniques used for tonsillectomy is provided, emphasizing randomized studies and meta-analysis. In the assessment of the data it is important to clearly define and categorize the types of posttonsillectomy bleeding (PTB), as well as the various factors that have been associated with increased PTB. In recent audits of a large number of tonsillectomies, the PTB rates seem to concur: 1% early and 2.5% delayed PTB; 10% anamnestic, 2% objective, and 2% re-operation PTB. Objective PTB rates beyond 10% should require an audit. The bipolar technique seems associated with the least early PTB, while the cold technique is associated with the least delayed PTB. Because of the lack of large well-conducted randomized trials, it is difficult to conclude which technique is the best. With electrocautery techniques, the current power should be adjusted to the minimal level providing hemostasis. Surgical techniques for tonsillectomy that should probably be abandoned include monopolar electrocautery, Coblation, various lasers, and the harmonic scalpel. Vessel-sealing systems might hold promise and deserve further evaluation. Tonsillotomy might be associated with less postoperative pain, but the hemorrhagic advantage in randomized studies is not obvious. Tonsil regrowth rates and efficacy to treat obstruction need also further evaluation.