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Robotic pullback technique of a precurved cochlear-implant electrode array using real-time impedance sensing feedback. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023; 18:413-421. [PMID: 36331796 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During traditional insertion of cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays (EAs), surgeons rely on limited tactile feedback and visualization of the EA entering the cochlea to control the insertion. One insertion approach for precurved EAs involves slightly overinserting the EA and then retracting it slightly to achieve closer hugging of the modiolus. In this work, we investigate whether electrical impedance sensing could be a valuable real-time feedback tool to advise this pullback technique. METHODS Using a to-scale 3D-printed scala tympani model, a robotic insertion tool, and a custom impedance sensing system, we performed experiments to assess the bipolar insertion impedance profiles for a cochlear CI532/632 precurved EA. Four pairs of contacts from the 22 electrode contacts were chosen based on preliminary testing and monitored in real time to halt the robotic insertion once the closest modiolar position had been achieved but prior to when the angular insertion depth (AID) would be reduced. RESULTS In this setting, the open-loop robotic insertion impedance profiles were very consistent between trials. The exit of each contact from the external stylet of this EA was clearly discernible on the impedance profile. In closed-loop experiments using the pullback technique, the average distance from the electrode contacts to the modiolus was reduced without greatly affecting the AID by using impedance feedback in real time to determine when to stop EA retraction. CONCLUSION Impedance sensing, and specifically the access resistance component of impedance, could be a valuable real-time feedback tool in the operating room during CI EA insertion. Future work should more thoroughly analyze the effects of more realistic operating room conditions and inter-patient variability on this technique.
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Tahir E, Çınar BÇ, Özkan HB, Yaralı M, Böke B, Sennaroğlu L. Successful Use of a Cochlear Implant in a Patient with Bony Cochlear Nerve Canal Atresia. J Int Adv Otol 2021; 16:271-273. [PMID: 32510457 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss can be atresia of the bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC). It has been reported that the cochlear nerve (CN) can be either hypoplastic or aplastic when the BCNC width is <1.5 mm radioanatomically. It is difficult to estimate the auditory-verbal abilities after cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with a hypoplastic CN. In such cases, it is also challenging to decide on the best treatment modality: CI or auditory brainstem implantation. In this case report, we present a 4-year-old male patient with BCNC atresia and the successful use of a cochlear implant; we also discussed the importance of audiological evaluation. A detailed radiological evaluation must be performed in every case following electrophysiological studies prior to CI. To accurately diagnose the pathology and select the surgical side, both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans should be used as complementary imaging methods in all CI candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Tahir
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Betül Çiçek Çınar
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Burcu Özkan
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yaralı
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Böke
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Sennaroğlu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara Turkey
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Leonhard L, Brewer K, Roche J. Adult Onset Bilateral Cochlear Nerve Atrophy and Cochlear Implantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 131:322-325. [PMID: 34041922 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211019518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of idiopathic bilateral cochlear nerve atrophy acquired in adulthood. PATIENT A 75-year-old male with acquired bilateral cochlear nerve atrophy. INTERVENTION(S) Unilateral cochlear implantation. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS Description of a patient with acquired bilateral cochlear nerve atrophy diagnosed at the age of 75. The patient had normal hearing and no communication deficits until the age of 66. At this point, the patient demonstrated a slight asymmetric hearing loss, which progressed to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Due to the resulting communication deficit, cochlear device implantation candidacy was pursued. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe atrophy versus absence of the cochlear nerves bilaterally. After careful counseling regarding the expected communication outcomes given the MRI findings, the patient underwent left-sided cochlear implantation. The patient gained sound awareness, but no additional communication benefit compared to pre-operative baseline abilities. CONCLUSION Cochlear nerve deficiency is a known finding in certain cases of congenital and acquired hearing loss, but no cases of idiopathic adult-onset bilateral nerve atrophy have been reported. Without MR imaging, the clinically significant finding would not have been identified. Thus, MRI is advantageous when compared with other imaging modalities in patients with progressive sensorineural hearing loss and enables improved patient counseling regarding expected auditory and communication outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonhard
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Joseph Roche
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Ratnanather JT. Structural neuroimaging of the altered brain stemming from pediatric and adolescent hearing loss-Scientific and clinical challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1469. [PMID: 31802640 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a spurt in structural neuroimaging studies of the effect of hearing loss on the brain. Specifically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technologies provide an opportunity to quantify changes in gray and white matter structures at the macroscopic scale. To date, there have been 32 MRI and 23 DTI studies that have analyzed structural differences accruing from pre- or peri-lingual pediatric hearing loss with congenital or early onset etiology and postlingual hearing loss in pre-to-late adolescence. Additionally, there have been 15 prospective clinical structural neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents being evaluated for cochlear implants. The results of the 70 studies are summarized in two figures and three tables. Plastic changes in the brain are seen to be multifocal rather than diffuse, that is, differences are consistent across regions implicated in the hearing, speech and language networks regardless of modes of communication and amplification. Structures in that play an important role in cognition are affected to a lesser extent. A limitation of these studies is the emphasis on volumetric measures and on homogeneous groups of subjects with hearing loss. It is suggested that additional measures of morphometry and connectivity could contribute to a greater understanding of the effect of hearing loss on the brain. Then an interpretation of the observed macroscopic structural differences is given. This is followed by discussion of how structural imaging can be combined with functional imaging to provide biomarkers for longitudinal tracking of amplification. This article is categorized under: Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yigit O, Kalaycik Ertugay C, Yasak AG, Araz Server E. Which imaging modality in cochlear implant candidates? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1307-1311. [PMID: 30805723 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no guideline or consensus on preoperative radiologic imaging modality despite the fact that it has a vital importance in appropriate candidacy selection of cochlear implantation. We aimed to find out the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on surgical planning, intraoperative technique in cochlear implant candidates. METHODS The clinical charts, imagings, and operative reports of patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery at a tertiary institution were retrospectively examined. RESULTS 611 patients (503 children and 108 adult) were enrolled into the study. We found 11 different pathologies in MRI which could not be seen in HRCT. However, we decided the side of surgery according to MRI in only three of them in which the pathology was cochlear nerve hypoplasia. Two patients with cochlear nerve hypoplasia were children with prelingual deafness and one was adult with perilingual deafness. Moreover, we changed the surgical planning of side according to both imaging modalities in nine patients. Seven of them were children and two were adult. One of these adults had cochlear anomaly, and another had bilateral temporal bone fracture. CONCLUSIONS We suggest both imaging modalities in pediatric candidates. However, in adults, we think that superiority of either imaging modalities is still contradictive. We had only three adult patients and the decision of the side of surgery was made according to MRI in one of them and to both imaging modalities in the other two adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Yigit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Kalaycik Ertugay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniği, İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kasap İlyas Mah., Org. Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman Cad., Fatih, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Gorkem Yasak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Araz Server
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pile J, Sweeney AD, Kumar S, Simaan N, Wanna GB. Detection of modiolar proximity through bipolar impedance measurements. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:1413-1419. [PMID: 27557458 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that bipolar electrical impedance measurements in perimodiolar cochlear implants (CIs) may be used to differentiate between perimodiolar insertion technique favoring proximity to the modiolus or lateral wall. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Bipolar impedances are a measure of electrical resistance between pairs of electrode contacts in a CI. Stimulation is through biphasic pulses at fixed frequency. Impedance measurements were made in real time through sequential sampling of electrode pairs. Perimodiolar electrodes were inserted in temporal bones using one of two techniques: 1) In the standard insertion technique (SIT), the electrode array slides along the lateral wall during insertion. 2) In the Advance Off Stylet (Cochlear Ltd. Sydney) technique (AOS), the electrode maintains modiolar contact throughout the insertion process. A set of 22 insertions were performed in temporal bone specimens using perimodiolar electrode arrays with both AOS and SIT. Buffered saline was used as a substitute for natural perilymph based on similar electrical conductivity properties. Impedance with and without stylet removal were recorded with a 30-second sampling window at final insertion depth. RESULTS There is a significant difference in bipolar impedance measures between AOS and SIT, with impedances rising in measurements with stylet removal. Evaluation was based on two-sided analysis of variance considering technique and electrode with P < 0.025. CONCLUSION Bipolar electrical impedance can be used to detect relative motion toward the modiolus inside the cochlea. This detection method has the potential to optimize intraoperative placement of perimodiolar electrode arrays during implantation. We anticipate that this will result in lower excitation thresholds and improved hearing outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:1413-1419, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pile
- Department of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Alex D Sweeney
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | | | - Nabil Simaan
- Department of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - George B Wanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
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Tamplen M, Schwalje A, Lustig L, Alemi AS, Miller ME. Utility of preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in adult and pediatric cochlear implant candidates. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:1440-5. [PMID: 26360798 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Determine the utility of preoperative imaging in adult and pediatric cochlear implant candidates. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS Medical records of 101 consecutive adult and 20 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent 137 cochlear implantation (CI) procedures at a single institution were reviewed. RESULTS Computed tomography (CT) was obtained preoperatively in 110 (90.9%) patients, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in 102 (84.3%) patients, and both were obtained in 94 (77.7%) patients. MRI revealed one acoustic neuroma and two meningiomas, which affected surgical planning for three (2.2%) procedures. MRI identified enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) in 2.0% of adult patients. CT demonstrated middle ear disease in four (3.3%) patients. CT was useful in indicating round window and cochlear patency in three (2.2%) patients with cochlear otosclerosis. Twenty pediatric patients underwent 27 CI procedures. Preoperative CT in the pediatric cohort demonstrated five (25%) dysplastic cochleae, three (15%) dysplastic vestibules and/or semicircular canals, and three (15%) EVAs. In one patient, CT demonstrated a duplicated right internal auditory canal (IAC) and hypoplastic left IAC; MRI confirmed hypoplastic cochlear nerves. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative MRI can demonstrate retrocochlear pathology, cochlear patency, and EVA in adults being evaluated for cochlear implantation. CT may provide additional information in patients with chronic otitis media or otosclerosis. However, in postlingually deafened adults without conductive or asymmetrical hearing loss, imaging is unlikely to affect surgical decision making. Both CT and MRI can identify anomalies in pediatric patients. MRI does not offer substantial benefit over CT for routine evaluation of pediatric inner ear and temporal bone anatomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 126:1440-1445, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tamplen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam Schwalje
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Lawrence Lustig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Aurash S Alemi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Determining compliance of ear CT scan with interaoperative findings in deaf children with cochlear implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1253-6. [PMID: 26066852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Defecated or impaired hair cell function of the cochlea causes deafness. Cochlear implantation allows transmission of sound information through central auditory pathways using direct electric stimulation of auditory nerve dendrites. Using radiologic imaging, including CT scan is very helpful in selection of candidates and evaluation after implantation. The purpose of this study is to determine compliance of CT findings in deaf children undergoing cochlear implantation compared with the intra-operative findings. METHOD In a periodical-descriptive study, 100 patients (56 male and 44 female), 6 months to 6 years of age, who were candidates for cochlear implantation at Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran between January 2010 and October 2011, were studied. After getting informed consent form the parents of patients, demographic data was recorded. CT scan and surgical data were double blindly collected in the designed questionnaire which was approved by three radiologists and three ENT specialists. Finally, surgical and radiological data were compared and t-test and chi-square test was used. RESULTS Atic status in 89 patients (89%) was statistically significant between radiology and surgery (P=0.06). Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value were respectively 100 and 92.8. Middle ear space was same in 85 patients (85%) in the two methods (P=0.01) (NVP=63.4). Pyramid status was similar in radiology and surgery results in 67 patients (67%) (P=0.000) and PPV and NPV were 100 and 63.4 respectively. Jugular bulb was similar in 73 patients (73%) (P=0.00). There was no significant difference between other modalities. CONCLUSION In most cases examined in this study, compliance between the surgical and radiological findings was above 80%. In some cases, CT scan could give confidence to the surgeon, but in atic, middle ear space, pyramid and jugular bulb there might be insufficient reliance to CT findings and there would be need to more accurate observation during surgery.
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