Cortactin expression in nasal polyps of Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) patients

Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease

Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.

Structured histopathology for endotyping and planning rational treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis

In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), endotyping, being based on the pathogenic mechanism, provides a precise picture appropriate for use in clinical practice. Structured histopathological examination of CRS is considered a necessary step in efforts to establish its pathogenesis and improve our endotyping capabilities. Herein we discuss the associations between histopathology and clinical characteristics of CRS patients to assist medical and surgical treatment choices.