Analysis of the biliostatic potential of two sealants in a standardized porcine model of liver resection

Applications of Bioadhesives: A Mini Review

Bioadhesives have demonstrated their superiority in clinical applications as tissue adhesives, hemostats, and tissue sealants. Because of the intrinsic stickiness, the applications have been expanded to various areas, such as functional wound dressing, factor delivery vehicles, and even medical device fixation. While many literature works discussed the mechanism of bioadhesives, few of them specifically summarized the applications of bioadhesives. To fill in the blanks, this review covers recent research articles and focuses precisely on the applications of bioadhesives which can be generally classified as follows: 1) wound closure, 2) sealing leakage, and 3) immobilization, including those already in the clinic and those showing great potential in the clinic. It is expected that this article will provide a whole picture on bioadhesives' applications and lead to innovations in the application of bioadhesives in new fields.

Fibrin Sealant for Prevention of Bile Leakage After Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Incision: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: There are several methods used to extract common bile duct (CBD) stones encountered during cholecystectomy. Intraoperative cholangiotomy, cholangioscopy, and laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) are techniques that allow removal of stones from the CBD during the index procedure. However, bile leakage following CBD exploration is a common problem. The aim of this study was to assess whether fibrin sealant applied to the duct incision is safe. Methods: Patients planned for laparoscopic gallstone surgery at the Department of Surgery, Enköping Hospital, were included in the study. In cases where perioperative cholangiography showed CBD stones, LCBDE was performed through a longitudinal incision in the CBD. Randomization between closure of the incision with polyglactin sutures or with fibrin sealant was performed. After all the stones had been removed and the incision closed according to the allocation, an abdominal drain was placed close to the incision. A T tube was placed in the CBD or a straight tube into cystic duct for eventual postoperative cholangiogram. The patient and the surgeon assessing the postoperative course were blinded to the randomized allocation. Results: Altogether 51 patients were included from December 2012 to July 2016. Mean operative time was 188 minutes in the fibrin sealant group and 214 minutes in the suture group (P = .159). There was no significant difference between groups in bile flow in the abdominal drainage tube or in the CBD drain during the three first postoperative days. The time to removal of the abdominal drain did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Although the present study lacks the statistical power to prove a benefit from fibrin sealant, it indicates that closure of the incision may be an option to reduce the risk for leakage. Further studies are required to confirm this. The study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov September 5, 2015 (NCT02545153).

Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy combined with right lateral hepatic lobectomy in pigs: surgical approach and comparative study of the inflammatory response versus open surgery

This study describes a left hemihepatectomy combined with a right lateral hepatic lobectomy. It compares the inflammatory response associated with laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH group, n = 7) with conventional open hepatectomy (OH group, n = 7). Blood was collected before surgery as well as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery to determine the white blood cell count and levels of serum cortisol (COR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The left hemi-hepatectomy combined with a right lateral hepatic lobectomy was completed in miniature pigs. The average operative time was 139.00 ± 9.07 min, which was longer than that in the OH group (121.67 ± 3.02 min). The length of surgical incision associated with the OH group was 17.93 ± 1.09 cm, significantly longer than that related to the LH group (5.10 ± 0.17 cm). The estimated mean blood loss in the LH group was 136.43 ± 63.24 mL, which was significantly lower than that in the OH group. No severe complications (e.g., massive bleeding, bile leakage, and air embolism) were reported. The CRP levels, COR, and IL-6, increased significantly in the OH group and then slowly returned to their preoperative levels. A postoperative laparoscopic exploration revealed that the incised portion of the liver adhered to the omentum, but no additional abnormalities were observed. These findings indicate that a 4-trocar method for laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy combined with a right lateral hepatic lobectomy is safe and feasible. The inflammatory response for those receiving LH are lower than that for those receiving OH. This porcine model can be used as a research analog for liver disease and regeneration.

Histopathological effects of modern topical sealants on the liver surface after hepatectomy: an experimental swine study

The present study aimed to determine the impact of different sealant materials on histopathological changes to the liver surface after liver resection. Thirty-six landrace pigs underwent left anatomical hemihepatectomy and were assigned to a histopathological control group (HPC, n = 9) with no bleeding control, a clinically simulated control group (CSC, n = 9) with no sealant but bipolar cauterization and oversewing of the liver surface, and two treatment groups (n = 9 each) with a collagen-based sealant (CBS) or a fibrinogen-based sealant (FBS) on resection surface. After postoperative day 6, tissue samples were histologically examined. There were no significant differences in preoperative parameters between the groups. Fibrin production was higher in sealant groups compared with the HPC and CSC groups (both p < 0.001). Hepatocellular regeneration in sealant groups was higher than in both control groups. A significantly higher regeneration was seen in the FBS group. Use of sealants increased the degree of fibrin exudation at the resection plane. Increased hepatocellular necrosis was seen in the CBS group compared with the FBS group. The posthepatectomy hepatocellular regeneration rate was higher in the FBS group compared with the CBS group. Randomized studies are needed to assess the impact of sealants on posthepatectomy liver regeneration in the clinical setting.