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Nohales L, Fort E, Pelloux S, Coste C, Leblanc P, De Ternay J, Wallon M, Rolland B, Fassier JB. Occupational, academic, and personal determinants of wellbeing and psychological distress in residents: results of a survey in Lyon, France. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347513. [PMID: 38770261 PMCID: PMC11103015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mental health of residents is a growing significant concern, particularly with respect to hospital and university training conditions. Our goal was to assess the professional, academic, and psychological determinants of the mental health status of all residents of the academy of Lyon, France. Materials and methods The Health Barometer of Lyon Subdivision Residents (BASIL) is an initiative which consists in proposing a recurrent online survey to all residents in medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry, belonging to the Lyon subdivision. The first of these surveys was conducted from May to July 2022. Participants should complete a series of validated questionnaires, including the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), respectively, and ad-hoc questions assessing their global health and hospital and academic working conditions. A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) analysis was conducted prior to multivariable analyses, to explore the determinants associated with low wellbeing (WEMWBS <43) and high psychological distress (K6 ≥ 13). Results A total of 904 residents (response rate: 46.7%) participated in the survey. A low level of wellbeing was observed in 23% of participants, and was significantly associated to job strain (OR = 2.18; 95%CI = [1.32-3.60]), low social support (OR = 3.13; 95%CI = [2.05-4.78]) and the experience of very poor university teaching (OR = 2.51; 95%CI = [1.29-4.91]). A high level of psychological distress was identified for 13% of participants, and associated with low social support (OR = 2.41; 95%CI = [1.48-3.93]) and the experience of very poor university teaching (OR = 2.89, 95%CI = [1.16-7.21]). Conclusion Hospital working conditions, social support, and the perception of teaching quality, were three major determinants of wellbeing and psychological distress among health profession residents. Demographic determinants, personal life and lifestyle habits were also associated. This supports a multilevel action in prevention programs aiming to enhance wellbeing and reduce mental distress in this specific population and local organizational specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Nohales
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department-CRPPE Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1 Transport Work and Environmental Epidemiology Research and Surveillance Unit – UMRESTTE (UMR T9405), Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1 Transport Work and Environmental Epidemiology Research and Surveillance Unit – UMRESTTE (UMR T9405), Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Pelloux
- Service de Santé Universitaire, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clio Coste
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Radiotherapy, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Direction Qualité Usagers et Santé Populationnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Research On Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
| | - Julia De Ternay
- Research On Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
- SUAL, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Waking Team, CRNL University Claude Bernard Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- SUAL Le Vinatier, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fassier
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department-CRPPE Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1 Transport Work and Environmental Epidemiology Research and Surveillance Unit – UMRESTTE (UMR T9405), Lyon, France
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Vera Cruz G, Barrault-Méthy AM, Bove MD, Nauge M. Relationship between gamer profiles, gaming behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, and big five personality traits among French law students. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:285. [PMID: 37737215 PMCID: PMC10515229 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 10 years, gamer profiles have been developed to understand the reason underlying players' intrinsic motivation. While the research undertaken has led to the creation of distinct models (e.g., BrainHex and Hexad typologies), there is a lack of studies on the prevalence of these profiles among a specific population and the association between the target population's profiles and their personality traits, gaming behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS Thus, the present study aimed to (a) establish the gamer profiles of French undergraduate law students, (b) examine the relationships between the participants' profiles and their personality traits, gaming behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics, with a view to the development of serious games specifically intended for this population. In total, 753 French undergraduate students participated in the study, completing an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), chi-square, and ANOVA. RESULTS The main findings show that among participants, the two most prevalent gamers' profiles are Mastermind (45%) and Seeker (22.7%); followed by three less represented archetypes: Conqueror (12.9%), Daredevil (9.7%), and Achiever (9.7%). These archetypes are associated with the participants' Big Five personality traits. Specifically, Daredevils, Masterminds, and Seekers have high mean scores on Extraversion (p < .001); Achievers and Seekers have high mean scores on Agreeableness (p < .001); Seekers and Achievers have high mean scores on Neuroticism (p < .001); and Seekers, Masterminds, and Achievers have high mean scores on Openness (p < .001). The unveiled profiles are also significantly associated with the participants' gaming behavior including their playing frequency (p < .001), game types (p = .031), and sociodemographic characteristics (p < .001). For example, Masterminds are more likely to be female than the other four profiles (p < .001), while Conquerors and Daredevils are more likely to have a low socio-economic status compared to those with intermediate and high socio-economic status (p = .49). CONCLUSION These findings can be used to design serious/educational games tailored to the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Vera Cruz
- Department of Psychology, UR7273 CRP-CPO, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Campus Chemin du Thil, Amiens, 80000, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Barrault-Méthy
- Department of Law, U. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 4600 CERFAPS, France
- UR15076 FoReLLIS, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marion Del Bove
- Linguistics Research Center - Corpus, Discourse and Societies, University Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Nauge
- UR15076 FoReLLIS, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Virgo J, Tarpin-Bernard F, de Chalvron S, Reynaud E, Fruitet J, Palluel-Germain R, Vallet G, Osiurak F. Échelle de cognition numérique (NUMERICOG). EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2023.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Moncel C, Osmont A, Pavani JB, Pichot N, Dauvier B. Development and validation of hierarchically structured questionnaire of approach and avoidance motivation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Semaan R, Nater UM, Heinzer R, Haba-Rubio J, Vlerick P, Cambier R, Gomez P. Does workplace telepressure get under the skin? Protocol for an ambulatory assessment study on wellbeing and health-related physiological, experiential, and behavioral concomitants of workplace telepressure. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 37138296 PMCID: PMC10155671 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily working life of many employees requires the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT) devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The double-edged nature of digital work environments has been increasingly highlighted. Benefits such as increased flexibility come at a personal cost. One of the potential downsides is workplace telepressure, i.e., the experience of urge and preoccupation to quickly reply to work-related messages and demands using ICT. There is initial - mainly survey-based-evidence that workplace telepressure may have negative effects on a variety of wellbeing and health outcomes. AIMS AND HYPOTHESES Adopting the Effort-Recovery Model and the concept of allostatic load as theoretical frameworks, the present study aims to investigate the hypothesis that workplace telepressure is significantly associated with increased "wear and tear", in the form of more psychosomatic complaints, worse sleep quality (self-reported and actigraphy-based), worse mood, and biological alterations (lower cardiac vagal tone, lower anabolic balance defined as the ratio of salivary dehydroepiandrosterone to salivary cortisol, and higher salivary alpha-amylase). Additionally, the study aims to investigate the hypothesis that connection to work defined as work-related workload and work-related perseverative cognition plays a significant role in the mediation of these relationships. METHODS To test our hypotheses, we will conduct an ambulatory assessment study with a convenience sample of 120 healthy workers regularly using ICTs for job communication. For one week, participants will be asked to complete electronic diaries assessing their level of workplace telepressure, psychosomatic complaints, sleep quality, mood, work-related workload, and work-related perseverative cognition. They will also continuously wear the Bittium Faros 180L ECG monitor, the wrist-worn actigraph MotionWatch 8, and perform saliva sampling five times per day. DISCUSSION This study will be the most comprehensive ambulatory investigation of workplace telepressure and its psychophysiological concomitants to date and constitutes an important step towards understanding how high levels of workplace telepressure may lead in the long term to secondary alterations (e.g., hypertension, chronic inflammation) and disease (e.g., heart disease). The findings of this study are also anticipated to contribute to guiding the development and implementation of interventions, programs, and policies relevant to employees' digital wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Semaan
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform "The Stress of Life - Processes and Mechanisms Underlying Everyday Life Stress", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaël Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Department of Medecine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Haba-Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Department of Medecine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vlerick
- Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cambier
- Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nguyen M, Beltramo G, Audia S, Devilliers H, Laurent A, Blot M. [Correlation between Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) and knowledge examination scores and analysis of factors associated with better OSCE success in fourth and fifth year medicine students at Dijon university hospital]. Rev Med Interne 2023:S0248-8663(23)00114-5. [PMID: 37024357 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) were introduced to evaluate students not only on their knowledge, but also on their clinical skills and attitudes. The objectives were to study the correlation between OSCE scores and scores obtained to traditional knowledge examinations and to analyse factors associated with better OSCE performance in DFASM1 and 2 students at Dijon university hospital. METHODS This was a prospective observational study conducted among all fourth and fifth year medical students in Dijon. The scores on the OSCE elective tests (2022) and the average score on the knowledge tests (2021-2022) were collected and their correlation measured. A questionnaire asked students about their demographic characteristics, their investment in formative and practicum OSCEs, their level of empathy (Jefferson questionnaire) and their personality traits (NEO-Pi-R). RESULTS Of 549 students, 513 completed all tests. Scores on OSCE and faculty knowledge tests were correlated (r=0.39, P<0.001). Of these, 111 (20%) students responded to the questionnaire, and 97 were analized. We did not observe any significant difference between students who performed better on OSCEs than on knowledge tests and those who did not, regarding their age, their investment in formative tests, their personality traits or their level of empathy. CONCLUSION Our results underline the need to optimize the evaluation of empathy and clinical skills in OSCE tests, using new tools, in order to better discriminate between students on these skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nguyen
- Service d'anesthésie et réanimation, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France; UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - G Beltramo
- UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France; Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, centre-hospitalo universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - S Audia
- UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie cinique, centre-hospitalo universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - H Devilliers
- UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France; Service de médecine interne et maladies systémiques, centre-hospitalo universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Inserm CIC-EC 1432, centre d'investigation clinique, Dijon, France
| | - A Laurent
- Service d'anesthésie et réanimation, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France; UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France; EA 7458, laboratoire psy-DREPI, université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - M Blot
- UFR des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France; Inserm CIC-EC 1432, centre d'investigation clinique, Dijon, France; Département de maladies infectieuses, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Nasello JA, Triffaux JM, Hansenne M. Individual differences and personality traits across situations. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 12:109-119. [PMID: 38807696 PMCID: PMC11129046 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Big Five theory, personality can be classified into five traits (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness), and past research showed that situations impact personality. In the present study, (1) we measured which of these five personality traits changed according to different situations and (2) tested whether the across-situation variability (ASV; i.e., a continuous variable showing how much people change their personality traits according to situations) was significantly connected with specific personality domains, revealing a potential marker of personality disturbance. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE We recruited 80 participants (40 women) to complete the five situation-version (family, work, friends, romantic partner, and hobbies/leisure) of the Big Five Inventory to measure whether personality traits significantly changed across these situations. In addition, we ran a network analysis to reveal how the ASV is related to personality traits. RESULTS The findings showed that all traits significantly changed across the situations, except openness, which remained stable. The network analysis revealed that the ASV variable was especially connected with conscientiousness (in romantic partner and family situations). CONCLUSIONS Most personality traits were flexible, showing how important it is to consider the role of situations in the study of personality. Openness appeared to be particularly stable and understanding its nature represents a challenge for future studies. Finally, the network analysis demonstrated that the ASV shows specific connections with conscientiousness and might be a potential psychopathology marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Nasello
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Group Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Day Hospital “La Clé”, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Triffaux
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Group Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Day Hospital “La Clé”, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology, University of Liège, CHU of Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Hansenne
- Department of Psychology, Psychology & Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Campos-Moinier K, Murday V, Brunel L. Individual differences in social interaction contexts: Examining the role of personality traits in the degree of self-other integration. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Suehs CM, Vachier I, Galeazzi D, Vaast F, Cardon F, Molinari N, Bourdin A. Standard patient training versus Vik-Asthme chatbot-guided training: 'AsthmaTrain' - a protocol for a randomised controlled trial for patients with asthma. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067039. [PMID: 36810168 PMCID: PMC9945055 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic education for patients with asthma has been shown to reduce asthma morbidity. The high availability of smart phones provides the opportunity to furnish patient training via specifically designed chatbot applications. The goal of this protocol is to perform a first pilot comparison of traditional face to face versus chatbot-guided patient therapeutic education programmes for patients with asthma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Eighty adult patients with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of asthma will be enrolled in a two-parallel-arm, randomised (1:1) controlled pilot trial. A single-Zelen consent procedure is deployed to first enrol all participants in the comparator arm, that is, the standard patient therapeutic education programme at the University Hospitals of Montpellier, France. This means of patient therapeutic education is based on reoccurring interviews and discussion with qualified nursing staff as per usual care. Following baseline data acquisition, randomisation will be performed. Those patients randomised to the comparator arm will not be informed of the second arm. Those patients randomised to the experimental arm will be proposed access to a specifically designed chatbot (Vik-Asthme) as the second tested means of patient training (refusals continue with standard training, though analysed as intention to treat). The primary outcome is change in the total Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score at the end of follow-up (6 months). Secondary outcomes cover asthma control, spirometry, general health status, programme adherence and burden for medical staff, exacerbations and medical resource use (medications, consults, emergency visits, hospitalisation and intensive care). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study ('AsthmaTrain' protocol version 4-20220330) has been approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons Ile-de-France VII on 28 March 2022 (reference number 21.03617.000059). Enrolment began on 24 May 2022. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05248126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Meredith Suehs
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Medical Information, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpelier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Medicine Biology Mediterranee, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Galeazzi
- Department of Medical Information, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpelier, France
| | - François Vaast
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Cardon
- Department of Research and Innovation, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Department of Medical Information, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpelier, France
- IMAG, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Bertsch I, Potard C, Réveillère C, Hoang Pham T, Courtois R. Contribution of a Cluster Approach to Identify the Profiles of Men Sentenced for Sexual Violence According to Their Risk of Reoffending. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:2910-2933. [PMID: 35649723 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to propose a typology of recidivism risk profiles based on the criminogenic needs of a population of men sentenced for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic, criminological, psychological, and psychiatric factors and vulnerabilities are compared. This classification will respond to the need for a better identification of the factors involved in the risk of recidivism of men sentenced for sexual violence, in order to develop more effective management. METHOD Several psychological and psychiatric scales (personality traits, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, empathy, and psychiatric disorders) were completed by 86 men incarcerated for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic and criminological characteristics were also recorded, and the investigator rated three recidivism scales for all participants. Results: Cluster analysis led to identification of two significantly different needs groups. In contrast to the "Lower needs" profile (n = 54, 64%), the men with a "Higher needs" profile (n = 32, 36%) were significantly younger and less educated had more adult and extra-familial victims, scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness and Empathy, and presented with more past and current psychiatric disorders. DISCUSSION The overall findings of this study are consistent with the literature on the characteristics of men sentenced for sexual violence with high needs. The assessment and management of men who have committed sexual violence must consider: criminogenic factors, which should be prioritized; past or present psychiatric disorders, which may act as acute risk factors; and non-criminogenic needs, which should not be prioritized, but which may (when linked to criminogenic needs) impact the effectiveness of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bertsch
- Department of Psychology, 27092University of Tours, France
- Department of Forensic Psychology, 54521University of Mons-Hainaut, Belgium
- Centre Ressource pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles Centre Val-de-Loire, University hospital of Tours, France
| | - Catherine Potard
- Department of Psychology, 27092University of Tours, France
- Centre Ressource pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles Centre Val-de-Loire, University hospital of Tours, France
- Department of Psychology, Psychology Laboratory of « Pays de la Loire », 26995University of Angers, France
| | | | - Thierry Hoang Pham
- Department of Forensic Psychology, 54521University of Mons-Hainaut, Belgium
- Centre de Recherche en Défense Sociale, Belgium
| | - Robert Courtois
- Department of Psychology, 27092University of Tours, France
- Centre Ressource pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles Centre Val-de-Loire, University hospital of Tours, France
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Remilly M, Mauvieux B, Drigny J. Personality Traits Associated with the Risk of Exercise Dependence in Ultraendurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1042. [PMID: 36673797 PMCID: PMC9858902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exercise dependence (ED) is common in endurance athletes and can lead to physical and psychological distress with various health effects. We designed a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate the personality traits associated with ED among ultraendurance athletes. A total of 507 participants (41.6 (9.8) years, men: 73.7%) completed (1) a screening questionnaire about sociodemographic data, sporting habits, and healthcare data, (2) the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R, 21 items scored from 1 (never) to 6 (always), 7 subscales), (3) the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and (4) 2 items of the SCOFF (Sick-Control-One Stone-Fat-Food) questionnaire regarding possible eating disorders. Based on the EDS-R scores, 37 (7.3%) participants were at risk for ED (scores ≥ 5/6 on ≥3 subscales), 366 (72.2%) were nondependent but symptomatic (scores ≥ 3/6 on ≥3 subscales), and 104 (20.5%) were asymptomatic. Participants with ED had a greater training volume and a higher prevalence of possible eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was associated with increased EDS-R scores (r = 0.294; p < 0.001), with significantly higher scores in the ED group (F = 14.50, p < 0.001). The association between neuroticism and ED was not moderated by the presence of eating disorders. These findings will help to screen ultraendurance athletes at risk for ED and optimize their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Remilly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Service de Médecine du Sport, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoit Mauvieux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie University, Service de Médecine du Sport, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
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Bicego A, Cassol H, Simon J, Fritz P, Abagnale S, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Laureys S, Martial C. Personality traits and pattern of beliefs of near-death(-like) experiencers. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1124739. [PMID: 37187942 PMCID: PMC10175626 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1124739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about the potential personality and psychological predictors of near-death experiences (NDEs), and fewer yet those of near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like; similar phenomenology reported after a non-life-threatening context). This study investigated whether personality traits (Openness, Extraversion, Pleasantness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism), dissociative experiences, Fantasy proneness, disposition toward auditory hallucinations, absorption trait, and endorsement of paranormal and spiritual beliefs could be associated with the recall of NDEs(-like). Methods To this aim, we invited four groups of people to retrospectively fill in questionnaires assessing the following factors: NDE experiencers (n = 63), NDE(-like) experiencers (n = 31), controls with a life-threatening situation but no NDE(-like) (n = 43), and controls without a life-threatening situation or an NDE(-like) (n = 44). We carried out univariate analyses for each factor and then performed a multiple regression analysis and a discriminant analysis. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the endorsement of spiritual beliefs was associated with the recall of NDEs-like while Openness and Fantasy proneness were associated with the recall of NDEs. The discriminant analysis showed that these variables produce 35% of correct classification. Discussion Albeit retrospective, these results pave the way for future research on psychological predictors of NDEs(-like) by highlighting the influence of Spirituality, Openness, and Fantasy proneness on these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Bicego
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Héléna Cassol
- Neurological and Functional Rehabilitation Center, University Hospital of Liège, Fraiture, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Simon
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Fritz
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Simona Abagnale
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Interdisciplinary Algology Centre, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- CERVO Brain Research Center, University of Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Charlotte Martial
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Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20965. [PMID: 36470906 PMCID: PMC9722917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.
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Milot-Lapointe F, Le Corff Y. Trajectories of Change in Career Decision Difficulties During a Manualized Individual Career Counseling Intervention: The Influence of Counselor Adherence, Working Alliance and Client Personality Traits. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221141983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify trajectories of change in client career decision difficulties during a manualized career counseling intervention and examine the role of counselor adherence, working alliance, and personality traits in predicting these trajectories. Participants were 257 individuals who received an average of 7.79 career counseling sessions at a university career services center. Using growth mixture modeling, four class-trajectories were identified. Clients in class 1 had a moderate level of decision difficulties at the beginning of counseling while clients in classes 2, 3 and 4 had moderate-salient initial levels of difficulties. Clients in classes 1 and 2 experienced a very large reduction of their decision difficulties during counseling and left the process with negligible levels of difficulties. Clients in class 3 saw a large reduction of their decision difficulties during counseling and left the process with moderate levels of difficulties. Clients in class 4 did not experience change and left the process with moderate-salient levels of difficulties. Counselor adherence to the intervention manual significantly contributed to discriminate between clients from class 4 and clients from classes 1, 2 and 3. Client level of neuroticism significantly contributed to distinguish clients belonging to class 4 from clients belonging to class 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Milot-Lapointe
- Département d’orientation professionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yann Le Corff
- Département d’orientation professionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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15
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Lasalle M, Hess U. A motivational approach to perfectionism and striving for excellence: Development of a new continuum-based scale for post-secondary students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1022462. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfectionism has been the object of many disputes. One such debate pertains to the nature of perfectionistic strivings. Whereas perfectionistic concerns (PC) have been shown to correlate with negative outcomes, perfectionistic strivings (PS) have been associated with mixed outcomes. This view of perfectionism assumes a motivational perspective; however, commonly used questionnaires assess motivation only implicitly. To create a more explicit measure of motivation as regard perfectionism, we aimed to assess perfectionism in post-secondary education based on Deci and Ryan’s self-determination continuum. We posit that introjected motivation represents the variance common to both dimensions of perfectionism. External motivation is considered to be specific to PC and identified motivation to PS. Amotivation represents a lack of meaningful striving. Intrinsic motivation, lacking perfectionism’s pressure, is conceptualized to be a self-determined form of striving for excellence. We further posited that this continuum is implicitly underlain by a continuum of self-definition as defined by Blatt. The resulting questionnaire showed an adequate structure with ESEM, followed a simplex structure, and had adequate reliabilities (Study 1a/Study 2). It also showed adequate convergent validity (Study 1b/Study 2). Finally, the questionnaire proved to be invariant over a 6-week period (Study 2). Results suggest that the degree of active goal pursuit, in addition to standards setting, could be a distinguishing characteristic between dimensions of perfectionism as well as striving for excellence.
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16
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Factor structure, psychometric properties, and validity of the Big Five Inventory-2 facets: evidence from the French adaptation (BFI-2-Fr). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Validation of the French versions of two brief, clinician-friendly outcome monitoring tools: the ORS and SRS. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Anders R, Willemin-Petignat L, Rolli Salathé C, Samson AC, Putois B. Profiling Police Forces against Stress: Risk and Protective Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Burnout in Police Officers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9218. [PMID: 35954576 PMCID: PMC9368562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Police officers are frequently exposed to highly stressful situations at work and have an increased risk to develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout (BO). It is currently not well understood which officers are most at risk to develop these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine which coping strategies and personality traits could act as protective or risk factors in relation to PTSD and BO. The second aim, in the interest of designating preventive and therapeutical measures, was to determine whether certain profiles of police officers could be identified as high risk for developing mental disorders. Herein, 1073 French-speaking police officers in Switzerland reported in an online survey about their PTSD and BO symptoms, anxiety, depression, suicide ideation, coping strategies, occupational stress, and personality factors. The cluster analysis highlighted three principal profiles of police officers: those who are not at risk of developing pathologies because they are not exposed or insensitive to these stressors, and those who are, among which personality and coping strategies oriented the risk of developing PTSD or BO. These same protective and risk factors were also corroborated in the linear and logistic regression analyses. These results may suggest that a crucial opportunity for mitigating mental health issues in the force could consist of screening recruits for risk-related personality traits and orienting them towards psychological training programs for the development of functional coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Anders
- EPSYLON Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000 Montpellier, France
- EMC Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lyon 2, F69500 Bron, France
| | | | - Cornelia Rolli Salathé
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Occupational Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea C. Samson
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Putois
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, F69675 Bron, France
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Da Costa Silva L, Belrose C, Trousselard M, Rea B, Seery E, Verdonk C, Duffaud AM, Verdonk C. Self-Reported Body Awareness: Validation of the Postural Awareness Scale and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (Version 2) in a Non-clinical Adult French-Speaking Sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946271. [PMID: 35959024 PMCID: PMC9362853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Body awareness refers to the individual ability to process signals originating from within the body, which provide a mapping of the body’s internal landscape (interoception) and its relation with space and movement (proprioception). The present study aims to evaluate psychometric properties and validate in French two self-report measures of body awareness: the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS), and the last version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire (version 2, MAIA-2). We collected data in a non-clinical, adult sample (N = 308; 61% women, mean age 35 ± 12 years) using online survey, and a subset of the original sample (n = 122; 62% women, mean age 44 ± 11 years) also completed the retest control. Factor analyses and reliability analyses were conducted. Construct validity of the PAS and the MAIA-2 were examined by testing their association with each other, and with self-report measures of personality (Big Five Inventory), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and dispositional trait mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory). Factor analyses of the PAS supported the same two-factor structure as previously published versions (in other languages). For the MAIA-2, factor analyses suggested that a six-factor structure, excluding Not-Worrying and Not-Distracting factors, could successfully account for a common general factor of self-reported interoception. We found satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and reliability over time for both the PAS and the MAIA-2. Altogether, our findings suggest that the French version of the PAS and the MAIA-2 are reliable self-report tools to assess both components of body awareness (proprioception and interoception dimension, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Da Costa Silva
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Célia Belrose
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Blake Rea
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Elaine Seery
- Traduction Édition Scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Constance Verdonk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Bichat-Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs M. Duffaud
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Charles Verdonk
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive Sciences, Unit of Neurophysiology of Stress, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- *Correspondence: Charles Verdonk,
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20
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von Bastian CC, Reinhartz A, Udale RC, Grégoire S, Essounni M, Belleville S, Strobach T. Mechanisms of processing speed training and transfer effects across the adult lifespan: protocol of a multi-site cognitive training study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:168. [PMID: 35804410 PMCID: PMC9270821 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, cognitive training has gained popularity as a cost-effective and accessible intervention aiming at compensating for or even counteracting age-related cognitive declines during adulthood. Whereas the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive training in general is inconsistent, processing speed training has been a notable successful exception, showing promising generalized benefits in untrained tasks and everyday cognitive functioning. The goal of this study is to investigate why and when processing speed training can lead to transfer across the adult lifespan. Specifically, we will test (1) whether training-induced changes in the rate of evidence accumulation underpin transfer to cognitive performance in untrained contexts, and (2) whether these transfer effects increase with stronger attentional control demands of the training tasks. Methods We will employ a multi-site, longitudinal, double-blinded and actively controlled study design with a target sample size of N = 400 adult participants between 18 and 85 years old. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three processing speed training interventions with varying attentional control demands (choice reaction time, switching, or dual tasks) which will be compared to an active control group training simple reaction time tasks with minimal attentional control demands. All groups will complete 10 home-based training sessions comprising three tasks. Training gains, near transfer to the untrained tasks of the other groups, and far transfer to working memory, inhibitory control, reasoning, and everyday cognitive functioning will be assessed in the laboratory directly before, immediately after, and three months after training (i.e., pretest, posttest, and follow-up, respectively). We will estimate the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) with diffusion modeling and conduct latent-change score modeling for hypothesis testing. Discussion This study will contribute to identifying the cognitive processes that change when training speeded tasks with varying attentional control demands across the adult lifespan. A better understanding of how processing speed training affects specific cognitive mechanisms will enable researchers to maximize the effectiveness of cognitive training in producing broad transfer to psychologically meaningful everyday life outcomes. Trial registration Open Science Framework Registries, registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J5G7E; date of registration: 9 May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C von Bastian
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK.
| | | | - Robert C Udale
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Stéphanie Grégoire
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Mehdi Essounni
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada.,Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, Canada
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The association between the five-factor model of personality and problem cannabis use: A meta-analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Martarelli CS, Baillifard A, Audrin C. A Trait-Based Network Perspective on the Validation of the French Short Boredom Proneness Scale. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS) has recently been developed. Using a standard confirmatory factor analysis, we report on the structural validation of the French SBPS, which provided support for the original construct. A network analysis ( n = 490) revealed the structure of the relationships between the SBPS and the two facets of Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II). The analysis revealed positive connections between the boredom and curiosity items, whereas the connections between the boredom and exploration items were negative. To evaluate measurement invariance, we compared the French-speaking sample ( n = 490) with an English-speaking sample ( n = 364). Full configural, metric, and scalar invariance was established; thus, we provide a valid French translation of a widely used measure of boredom that may advantage future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Audrin
- University of Teacher Education, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Schlatter ST, Thérond CC, Guillot A, Louisy SP, Duclos A, Lehot JJ, Rimmelé T, Debarnot US, Lilot ME. Effects of relaxing breathing paired with cardiac biofeedback on performance and relaxation during critical simulated situations: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:422. [PMID: 35655176 PMCID: PMC9164463 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active participation in high-fidelity simulation remains stressful for residents. Increased stress levels elicited during such simulation impacts performance. We tested whether relaxing breathing, paired or not with cardiac biofeedback, could lead to enhanced performance of residents during simulation. METHODS This randomized pilot study involved the fifth-year anesthesiology and critical care residents who participated in high-fidelity at Lyon medical simulation center in 2019. Residents were randomized into three parallel interventions: relaxing breathing, relaxing breathing paired with cardiac biofeedback, and control. Each intervention was applied for five minutes immediately after the scenario briefing. The primary endpoint was the overall performance during the simulation rated by two blinded independent investigators. The secondary endpoints included component scores of overall performance and changes in psychological states. RESULTS Thirty-four residents were included. Compared to the control group, residents in the relaxing breathing (+ 7%, 98.3% CI: 0.3 to 13.7, P = 0.013) and relaxing breathing paired with cardiac biofeedback (+ 8%, 98.3% CI: 0.82 to 14.81, P = 0.009) groups had a higher overall performance score. Following the interventions, compared to the control group, stress level was lower when participants had performed relaxing breathing alone (P = 0.029) or paired with biofeedback (P = 0.035). The internal relaxation level was higher in both the relaxing breathing alone (P = 0.016) and paired with biofeedback groups (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Performing five minutes of relaxing breathing before the scenario resulted in better overall simulation performance. These preliminary findings suggest that short breathing interventions are effective in improving performance during simulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04141124 , 28/10/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie T. Schlatter
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Centre Lyonnais d’Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation center), SAMSEI, Lyon, France
| | - Corentin C. Thérond
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- University of Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Simon P. Louisy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Duclos
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Health Data Department, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lehot
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Centre Lyonnais d’Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation center), SAMSEI, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Centre Lyonnais d’Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation center), SAMSEI, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France
- EA 7426 “Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression” (Pi3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Biomérieux-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ursula S. Debarnot
- University of Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Lyon, France
| | - Marc E. Lilot
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Centre Lyonnais d’Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation center), SAMSEI, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France
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Larrieu M, Billieux J, Decamps G. Problematic gaming and quality of life in online competitive videogame players: Identification of motivational profiles. Addict Behav 2022; 133:107363. [PMID: 35689906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online competitive practice of video games has recently known a significant worldwide expansion. However, this practice can be associated to problematic use and deterioration of quality of life depending on multiple determinants, among which motivation is central. The purpose of this study was to identify motivational clusters and to compare them regarding quality of life, problematic use of video game, and personality traits. METHODS Participants (N = 256) in this cross-sectional study were recruited through specialized websites to complete self-reported questionnaires assessing motivation to play online (MOGQ), personality (BFI-Fr), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and problematic gaming (IGD-Scale). A hierarchical clustering analysis and intergroup comparative analyses were conducted. FINDINGS Three motivational clusters were identified ("recreational", "competitive" and "escapers"). "Competitive" and "escapers" players reported higher IGD scores than the "recreational" players (p <.001). However, "escapers" players had lower psychological health scores (p <.001), were more neurotic (p <.001), and less extroverted (p <.001) than the others. Based on IGD scores, "competitive" and "escapers" players were considered as problematic albeit only "escapers" exhibited a functional impairment. Therefore, engaged and problematic players cannot be differentiated with IGD scores. DISCUSSION IGD scores were insufficient to differentiate between players at risk of evolution toward pathological states (i.e., "escapers" players) and those whose strong engagement is not detrimental to their quality of life (i.e., "competitive" players). Consequently, considering both psychological health and motivation is necessary to assess the problematic nature of competitive videogame practice. Better definitions and assessment tools are essential in order to avoid over-diagnosis of non-pathological gaming behavior.
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Lopez-Persem A, Bieth T, Guiet S, Ovando-Tellez M, Volle E. Through Thick and Thin: Changes in Creativity During the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:821550. [PMID: 35619782 PMCID: PMC9127054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 took us by surprise. We all had to face the lockdown and pandemic that put us in a new context, changing our way of life, work conditions, and habits. Coping with such an unprecedented situation may have stimulated creativity. However, the situation also restricted our liberties and triggered health or psychological difficulties. We carried out an online survey (n = 380) to examine whether and how the COVID-19 related first lockdown period was associated with creativity changes in French speaking population. Despite a global negative subjective experience of the situation, participants reported that they were more creative during the lockdown than before. Positive changes were linked with more time availability, more motivation, or the need to solve a problem while negative changes were related to negative affective feelings or a lack of resources or opportunities. This study documents the effects of the first lockdown period on creativity and the factors that influenced it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Lopez-Persem
- FrontLab, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Théophile Bieth
- FrontLab, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Neurology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stella Guiet
- FrontLab, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- FrontLab, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- FrontLab, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Rivard G, Le Corff Y, Déry M, Bégin V, Lapalme M. Personality Heterogeneity in Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders: A Conceptual Replication Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lemoyne J, Brunelle JF, Huard Pelletier V, Glaude-Roy J, Martini G. Talent Identification in Elite Adolescent Ice Hockey Players: the Discriminant Capacity of Fitness Tests, Skating Performance and Psychological Characteristics. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10040058. [PMID: 35447868 PMCID: PMC9026156 DOI: 10.3390/sports10040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The process of talent identification in ice hockey occurs during middle adolescence when players are selected to participate in “off-season” evaluation camps, where coaches observe their fitness levels and status of development. Recently, the Quebec ice hockey federation opted for a holistic approach by evaluating players based on three criteria: (1) fitness, (2) skating abilities and (3) personality traits and psychological assets. This study aimed to analyze the discriminant validity of a multi-dimensional talent identification testing protocol in competitive ice hockey. Method: Data were collected from 160 adolescent hockey players who took part in Team Quebec summer evaluation camps. Off-ice fitness, skating abilities and psychological variables were measured on two consecutive days. Descriptive statistics, group comparisons (gender, positions) and discriminant analyses (selected versus non-selected) were performed. Results: No differences were observed among males in which selected players were similar to non-selected. Results from discriminant analyses also showed no discriminant function for male players. For females, selected players displayed higher fitness, on-ice agility and psychological characteristics. Nine performance markers were significantly discriminant. Conclusions: A holistic evaluation protocol allows for the discrimination of selected and non-selected players in elite ice hockey. Developing more discriminant tests is a promising avenue of research in male ice hockey. Knowing the factors that are associated with team selection in competitive ice hockey allow to focus on the specific attributes to work with young promising players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lemoyne
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (V.H.P.); (G.M.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l’UQTR, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (J.-F.B.); (J.G.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jean-François Brunelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l’UQTR, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (J.-F.B.); (J.G.-R.)
- Service de l’Activité Physique et Sportive, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières [UQTR], 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Vincent Huard Pelletier
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (V.H.P.); (G.M.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l’UQTR, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (J.-F.B.); (J.G.-R.)
| | - Julien Glaude-Roy
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l’UQTR, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (J.-F.B.); (J.G.-R.)
- Service de l’Activité Physique et Sportive, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières [UQTR], 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Martini
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (V.H.P.); (G.M.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Hockey de l’UQTR, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (J.-F.B.); (J.G.-R.)
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Tiphaine DR, Céline B. Impact de la pandémie liée au COVID-19 sur la pratique des jeux vidéo selon la personnalité et le type de passion dans une population adulte. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9046064 DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction La pandémie liée au COVID-19 a modifié les habitudes quotidiennes de la population. Dans ce contexte, certaines activités ont été favorisées, parfois même encouragées, telles que l’usage des jeux vidéo (JV). Objectif L’objectif de cette étude était d’investiguer l’impact de la pandémie sur la pratique des JV en tenant compte du type de passion et de la personnalité. Méthode Une méthodologie mixte a été utilisée. En sus de la quantité de pratique des JV, le Big Five Inventory a permis d’évaluer la personnalité et l’Echelle de passion de distinguer le type de passion selon le modèle dualiste. Un entretien semi-directif permettait d’évaluer l’impact des confinements sur la pratique ludique et le ressenti du joueur durant cette période. Parmi les 137 joueurs de JV (âge moyen de 30,26 ans) ayant rempli les auto-questionnaires, 10 ont participé à l’entretien semi-directif. Résultats Quel que soit le type de passion, le temps de pratique des JV a augmenté durant les confinements (en fréquence et en temps). Une relation négative a été retrouvée entre l’Ouverture et le temps de pratique des JV la semaine avant et durant la pandémie, ainsi qu’avec la passion obsessive. Les données qualitatives ont montré que le JV est apparu comme une activité occupationnelle, source de plaisir, d’évasion par rapport émotions négatives liées à la crise sanitaire, et de soutien social. Conclusion L’usage des JV a été évoqué par les participants comme une stratégie efficace pour faire face aux difficultés engendrées par la pandémie de COVID-19.
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Lebert A, Chaby L, Guillin A, Chekroun S, Vergilino-Perez D. Are You “Gazing” at Me? How Others' Gaze Direction and Facial Expression Influence Gaze Perception and Postural Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:730953. [PMID: 35002834 PMCID: PMC8733602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, interactions between humans are generally modulated by the value attributed to the situation, which partly relies on the partner's behavior. A pleasant or cooperating partner may trigger an approach behavior in the observer, while an unpleasant or threatening partner may trigger an avoidance behavior. In this context, the correct interpretation of other's intentions is crucial to achieve satisfying social interactions. Social cues such as gaze direction and facial expression are both fundamental and interrelated. Typically, whenever gaze direction and facial expression of others communicate the same intention, it enhances both the interlocutor's gaze direction and the perception of facial expressions (i.e., shared signal hypothesis). For instance, an angry face with a direct gaze is perceived as more intense since it represents a threat to the observer. In this study, we propose to examine how the combination of others' gaze direction (direct or deviated) and emotional facial expressions (i.e., happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, and neutrality) influence the observer's gaze perception and postural control. Gaze perception was indexed by the cone of direct gaze (CoDG) referring to the width over which an observer feels someone's gaze is directed at them. A wider CoDG indicates that the observer perceived the face as looking at them over a wider range of gaze directions. Conversely, a narrower CoDG indicates a decrease in the range of gaze directions perceived as direct. Postural control was examined through the center of pressure displacements reflecting postural stability and approach-avoidance tendencies. We also investigated how both gaze perception and postural control may vary according to participants' personality traits and emotional states (e.g., openness, anxiety, etc.). Our results confirmed that gaze perception is influenced by emotional faces: a wider CoDGs was observed with angry and disgusted faces while a narrower CoDG was observed for fearful faces. Furthermore, facial expressions combined with gaze direction influence participants' postural stability but not approach-avoidance behaviors. Results are discussed in the light of the approach-avoidance model, by considering how some personality traits modulate the relation between emotion and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Lebert
- Vision Action Cognition, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- *Correspondence: Angélique Lebert
| | - Laurence Chaby
- CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Amandine Guillin
- Vision Action Cognition, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Samuel Chekroun
- Vision Action Cognition, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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You M, Laborde S, Vaughan RS, Salinas A. Influence of personality and emotional competences on academic performance: direct and indirect pathways mediated by perceived stress. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 10:61-70. [PMID: 38013754 PMCID: PMC10535623 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the factors influencing academic performance (AP), individual differences at the trait level such as personality and emotional competences (EC) have been found to play a critical role, similarly to state variables such as perceived stress (PS). Participants And Procedure The aim of this study was to clarify whether the influence of personality (Big Five) and EC on AP (general point average) is direct and/or mediated via PS. 537 undergraduate students from a French university (112 male and 425 female, Mage = 19.84 years, SDage = 1.74 years, range = 18-30 years; first year: n = 293, 55%; second year: n = 162, 30%, third year: n = 82, 15%) filled out the test battery around three weeks before the final examination. RESULTS Path analysis showed that AP was directly predicted by conscientiousness (+), neuroticism (+), extraversion (-) and perceived stress (-), while perceived stress was predicted by neuroticism (+) and by intrapersonal EC (-). CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate the robust influence of conscientiousness on AP, while EC was not found to influence AP directly, but indirectly via its effect on PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Psychology, EA 3918 CERREV, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EA 4260 CesamS, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Robert Samuel Vaughan
- School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York Saint John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Salinas
- Department of Psychology, EA 3918 CERREV, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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El Archi S, Brunault P, De Luca A, Cortese S, Hankard R, Bourbao-Tournois C, Ballon N, Réveillère C, Barrault S. Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates? Front Psychol 2021; 12:745857. [PMID: 34867628 PMCID: PMC8641657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Addictive-like eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both common among persons seeking treatment for severe obesity. Given that ADHD and addictive-like eating, especially binge eating (BE) and food addiction (FA), are both strongly associated with personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation, it is possible emotional and personality characteristics contribute to the link between addictive-like eating behaviors and ADHD in people with severe obesity. This study aimed to investigate the psychological factors associated with BE and FA in bariatric surgery candidates, and to explore the mediational role of emotional factors (emotion dysregulation and alexithymia) and personality dimensions in the association between ADHD and BE. Method: Two hundred and eighty-two (n = 282) bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment (University Hospital of Tours, France). We assessed significant BE (Binge Eating Scale), probable adult ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, YFAS 2.0), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and personality dimensions (Big Five Inventory). Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Results: Prevalence of probable adult ADHD, significant BE and FA were 8.2, 19.1, and 26.6%, respectively. Participants who screened positive for addictive-like eating showed higher prevalence of probable adult ADHD, as well as higher scores on adult and childhood ADHD symptoms. They also reported lower conscientiousness, but higher emotion dysregulation, higher alexithymia, and higher neuroticism. Only BE (as opposed to FA) was also associated with lower scores on agreeableness and openness. Analysis of the association between adult ADHD and BE suggests that emotion dysregulation, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism are total mediators and alexithymia a partial mediator. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between ADHD and addictive-like eating among bariatric surgery candidates, and also suggest a significant role of emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions in this association. For individuals with ADHD and obesity, eating may be a way to cope with negative emotions, potentially increasing the risk for addictive-like eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Brunault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,INSERM U1253 Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Spécialisé de l'Obésité, Tours, France.,Inserm U1069 Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Academic Unit of Psychology, Center for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Régis Hankard
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Spécialisé de l'Obésité, Tours, France.,Inserm U1069 Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Ballon
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,INSERM U1253 Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), Tours, France
| | | | - Servane Barrault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d'Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), Tours, France.,Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Validation of a Performance Measure of Broad Interpersonal Accuracy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Qualités psychométriques d’une version francophone du « Displaced Aggression Questionnaire ». PRAT PSYCHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cuniah M, Bréchon G, Bailly N. Validation of the Revised Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale in a French Population. Front Psychol 2021; 12:736171. [PMID: 34759868 PMCID: PMC8573416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Death and dying are processes that every human being encounters in his or her lifetime and perhaps the greatest loss an individual can suffer. In this sense, fear of death is regarded as a risk and maintaining factor of psychopathology. As such, effective and efficient measurement of this construct becomes a priority. While the Revised Collett-Lester Fear Of Death Scale (CL-FODS) is a brief, commonly used assessment, such a tool is lacking in French clinical practice. The present study aimed to adapt the revised CL-FODS in a general French sample and to determine its psychometric properties, namely its factorial structure, concurrent and convergent validity, and internal consistency. A sample of 590 participants responded to the French revised CL-FODS, as well as three instruments assessing death anxiety (DAS), neuroticism and spirituality (FACIT-Sp), to examine the internal consistency, validity and factorial structure of the scale. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a four-factor model: (1) One’s Own Death,” (2) The Death of Others, (3) The Dying of Others, and (4) One’s Own Dying. Five items did not load on these four factors, suggesting that the revised CL-FODS might require further psychometric refinement. The revised CL-FODS showed good internal consistency. The scale was found to be significantly associated with the Death Anxiety Scale. When the appropriate psychometric characteristics are taken into account, this scale can be used in clinical and research settings to assess death concerns in French society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Cuniah
- Department of Psychology, Psychology of the Various Stages of Life and Adaptation (PAVEA, EA 2114), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Geneviève Bréchon
- Department of Psychology, Psychology of the Various Stages of Life and Adaptation (PAVEA, EA 2114), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Bailly
- Department of Psychology, Psychology of the Various Stages of Life and Adaptation (PAVEA, EA 2114), University of Tours, Tours, France
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Tessier S, Romo L, Zerhouni O. Impact of Advertising Campaigns Among Online Gamblers: The Role Perceptions of Social Support and Personality Traits. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:599988. [PMID: 34764890 PMCID: PMC8576387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.599988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies on problematic gamblers have focused on how environment and personality interact in gambling behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate how social support, dimensions of personality, and advertising campaigns are associated with gambling among problematic or moderate-risk gamblers and recreational gamblers and associated with online gambling (i.e., sport and poker). Methods: One hundred nine participants (45% problematic or moderate-risk gamblers) answered an online survey including social support, five factor models of personality, typology of gamblers, and several sociodemographic variables. Results: We found that problematic and moderate-risk gamblers were significantly more sensitive to gambling advertisements compared to light players. Social support was significantly lower among online gamblers compared to offline gamblers, but no association was found between social support and type of gamblers. Problematic and moderate-risk gamblers presented lower levels of extraversion compared with recreational gamblers. Notably, when the onset of gambling is before 18 years old, participants had more chances to recall more gambling advertisements as adults. Conclusion: We propose that future longitudinal research should focus on characteristics of online gamers particularly regarding social support to understand this low level of adequacy compared to offline gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tessier
- Département de Psychologie, Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Nanterre, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- Département de Psychologie, Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Nanterre, France
- AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Département de Psychologie, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
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Pavani JB, Fort I, Moncel C, Ritz H, Dauvier B. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on the weekly dynamics of jobseekers' self-regulation. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thiebaut G, Méot A, Witt A, Prokop P, Bonin P. "Touch Me If You Can!": Individual Differences in Disease Avoidance and Social Touch. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 19:14747049211056159. [PMID: 34874187 PMCID: PMC10358415 DOI: 10.1177/14747049211056159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of diseases varies considerably among individuals, and it has been found to be linked to various proactive or reactive behaviors. In the present studies, we investigated the impact of individual differences in the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) on social touch before (Study 1) or during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (Study 2). We also investigated the influence of personality traits in the covariation between these two dimensions. We found that people who are the most disease-avoidant are also the most reluctant to touching or being touched by others (and this relationship holds when personality traits are taken into account). Interestingly, the association between PVD and social touch increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with a few months before. By showing that the fear of contamination has an association with social touch, the findings provide further evidence for the behavioral immune system ( Schaller and Park, 2011), a psychological system acting as a first line of defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Thiebaut
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LEAD-CNRS UMR5022, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Méot
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO-CNRS UMR6024, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arnaud Witt
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LEAD-CNRS UMR5022, Dijon, France
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrick Bonin
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LEAD-CNRS UMR5022, Dijon, France
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Peer Presence Effect on Numerosity and Phonological Comparisons in 4th Graders: When Working with a SchoolMate Makes Children More Adult-like. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090902. [PMID: 34571779 PMCID: PMC8470134 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The presence of others helps us when we are good or an expert at something and hinders us when we are bad or novice. Such social facilitation or inhibition is well-documented in adults, but much less in children despite the omnipresence of peers throughout education. To explore potential peer presence effects on children’s academic performance, fourth-graders performed basic numerical and language skills (typically mastered at their age) either alone or with a schoolmate. For comparison, the same was performed in adults. We found that a schoolmate’s presence enabled children to perform more like adults, with a better response strategy and faster and less variable response times than children tested alone. This provides research-based evidence supporting pedagogical methods promoting collective practice of individually acquired knowledge. Future studies pursuing this hitherto neglected developmental exploration of peer presence effects on academic achievements might have the potential to help educators tailor their pedagogical choices to maximize peer presence when beneficial and minimize it when harmful. The present study also paves the way towards a neuroimaging investigation of how peer presence changes the way the child brain processes cognitive tasks relevant to education. Abstract Little is known about how peers’ mere presence may, in itself, affect academic learning and achievement. The present study addresses this issue by exploring whether and how the presence of a familiar peer affects performance in a task assessing basic numeracy and literacy skills: numerosity and phonological comparisons. We tested 99 fourth-graders either alone or with a classmate. Ninety-seven college-aged young adults were also tested on the same task, either alone or with a familiar peer. Peer presence yielded a reaction time (RT) speedup in children, and this social facilitation was at least as important as that seen in adults. RT distribution analyses indicated that the presence of a familiar peer promotes the emergence of adult-like features in children. This included shorter and less variable reaction times (confirmed by an ex-Gaussian analysis), increased use of an optimal response strategy, and, based on Ratcliff’s diffusion model, speeded up nondecision (memory and/or motor) processes. Peer presence thus allowed children to at least narrow (for demanding phonological comparisons), and at best, virtually fill in (for unchallenging numerosity comparisons) the developmental gap separating them from adult levels of performance. These findings confirm the influence of peer presence on skills relevant to education and lay the groundwork for exploring how the brain mechanisms mediating this fundamental social influence evolve during development.
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Vera Cruz G, Bucourt E, Réveillère C, Martaillé V, Joncker-Vannier I, Goupille P, Mulleman D, Courtois R. Machine learning reveals the most important psychological and social variables predicting the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1053-1062. [PMID: 34125252 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about the importance and the extent to which psychological and psychopathological factors, adverse childhood experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the development of certain types of rheumatic disease. With the aim of contributing to knowledge on the subject, the present study uses machine learning modeling to determine the importance of 20 psychological and social variables in predicting two classes of rheumatic disease: inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) (rheumatoid arthritis = RA, spondyloarthritis = SA, and Sjögren's syndrome = SS) versus non-inflammatory RMD, namely fibromyalgia = FM). A total of 165 French women with FM, RA, SA, and SS completed an inventory of personality traits, a psychopathology diagnosis questionnaire, and a fatigue/pain questionnaire. They also answered questions about adverse childhood experiences and socio-demographic characteristics. Random forest and logistic regression machine learning algorithms were used for data analysis. The main findings suggest that mistreatment during childhood ((MDA = 10.22), the agreeableness personality trait (MDA = 3.39), and somatic disorder (MDA = 3.25) are the main psychological and social predictors of the type of rheumatic disease diagnosed. The first two predictors (OR = 18.92 and OR = 6.11) are also more strongly associated with FM than with RA-SA-SS. Overall, adverse childhood experiences seem relatively more important than personality traits, psychopathological or demographic variables. The results of this study suggest that traumatic childhood experiences may lead to psychopathological disorders in adulthood, which in turn might underlie, at least in part, the development of FM. Since there are no imaging or biological markers of FM, the present findings contribute to the scientific literature offering information to help patients with FM understand their pathology. They may also provide physicians with more diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Vera Cruz
- QualiPsy, EE 1901, University of Tours, 37000, Tours, France. .,Centre Val de Loire Resource Center for Professionals Working With Sex Offenders, Tours University Hospital, 37000, Tours, France. .,MSHS-Poitiers, 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre, 86073, Poitiers, France.
| | - Emilie Bucourt
- QualiPsy, EE 1901, University of Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | | | - Virginie Martaillé
- Regional Hospital of Orléans, Rheumatology department, 45000, Orléans, France
| | | | - Philippe Goupille
- University of Tours, Rheumatology department, 37000, Tours, France.,CIC 1415, University Hospital of Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Denis Mulleman
- University of Tours, Rheumatology department, 37000, Tours, France.,CIC 1415, University Hospital of Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- QualiPsy, EE 1901, University of Tours, 37000, Tours, France.,Centre Val de Loire Resource Center for Professionals Working With Sex Offenders, Tours University Hospital, 37000, Tours, France
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Nasello JA, Blavier A, Triffaux JM. French adaptation of the Five-Factor Borderline Inventory-Short Form. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Dirupo G, Totaro S, Richard J, Corradi-Dell'Acqua C. Medical education and distrust modulate the response of insular-cingulate network and ventral striatum in pain diagnosis. eLife 2021; 10:63272. [PMID: 33904406 PMCID: PMC8104963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare providers often underestimate patients’ pain, sometimes even when aware of their reports. This could be the effect of experience reducing sensitivity to others pain, or distrust toward patients’ self-evaluations. Across multiple experiments (375 participants), we tested whether senior medical students differed from younger colleagues and lay controls in the way they assess people’s pain and take into consideration their feedback. We found that medical training affected the sensitivity to pain faces, an effect shown by the lower ratings and highlighted by a decrease in neural response of the insula and cingulate cortex. Instead, distrust toward the expressions’ authenticity affected the processing of feedbacks, by decreasing activity in the ventral striatum whenever patients’ self-reports matched participants’ evaluations, and by promoting strong reliance on the opinion of other doctors. Overall, our study underscores the multiple processes which might influence the evaluation of others’ pain at the early stages of medical career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Dirupo
- Theory of Pain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Totaro
- Theory of Pain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Richard
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Swiss Distance University Institute, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua
- Theory of Pain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Seixas R, Pignault A, Houssemand C. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Adapted and Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 17:70-84. [PMID: 33737975 PMCID: PMC7957848 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is a human adaptation process with important implications for daily life. Two specific emotion regulation strategies were the principle areas of study: reappraisal (cognitive change in which individuals adapt their state of mind about a given situation) and expressive suppression (response modulation in which individuals change their emotional response after its initiation). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), that captures individual tendencies to reappraise and to suppress the expression of emotions, was also developed. Response modulation strategy was analyzed by considering two distinct processes: expressive suppression (down-regulation) and expressive enhancement (up-regulation). This latter modulation process has been less frequently studied by researchers. The present study investigates the psychometrical properties, individual differences and correlates of a French adapted version of the ERQ, which comprises reappraisal and the two response modulation tendencies - expressive suppression and expressive enhancement. Based on the initial ERQ, new items were created and added to the scale. The three-factor structure of the ERQ adapted was confirmed. As expected, emotion regulation is linked to individual differences: the tendency to reappraise has a positive low correlation with age; and men are significantly more disposed to suppress and to enhance than women. Finally, the tendency to suppress the expression of emotions is negatively correlated with extraversion, and the disposition to enhance the expression of emotions is negatively correlated with conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Seixas
- Department of Education and Social Work, Institute for Lifelong Learning and Guidance, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Pignault
- Laboratory of Psychology & Neurosciences (2LPN, EA7489), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Claude Houssemand
- Department of Education and Social Work, Institute for Lifelong Learning and Guidance, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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El Haj M, Allain P, De Bont L, Ndobo A. Personality and social memory: High source and destination memory in extroverts. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:436-442. [PMID: 33660873 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated relationship between personality and memory for social interactions. More specifically, we investigated the relationship between extraversion and the ability to remember who told us some information (i.e., source memory) and the ability to remember to whom we told that information (i.e., destination memory). On a source memory task, participants received information from pictures of celebrities; a subsequent recognition test required them to identify the celebrities from whom they had received that information. On a destination memory task, participants were invited to tell information to celebrities; a later recognition task instructed them to identify the celebrity to whom they had previously told that information. Besides the assessment of source and destination memory, participants answered a questionnaire regarding extraversion. Results demonstrated significant positive correlation between extraversion and source memory, as well as significant positive correlation between extraversion and destination memory. In other words, the more participants described themselves as extraverts, the higher their source and destination memory. During social communications (e.g., in a conversation), extraverts may demonstrate high source and destination memory as these individuals typically value social communication, public sharing, and processing of social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Angers, France.,Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Leslie De Bont
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités, les Nations et l'Interculturalité, CRINI EA1162, Université de Nantes, Chemin la Censive du Tertre BP 81227, Nantes, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
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Talpain E, Soubelet A. Strategy Use Mediates the Relation between Openness to Experience and Episodic Memory in Younger and Older Adults. Psychol Rep 2020; 125:358-374. [PMID: 33327862 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120981938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that people with higher levels of Openness to Experience show higher levels of cognitive functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying this personality-cognition relation are not well understood. The goal of the current project was to examine whether strategy use mediates the relation between Openness to experience and retrospective memory, and whether the role of strategy use in the Openness-memory relation was the same in younger and older adults. METHOD Two studies were conducted. In each of them, younger and older adults were administered a retrospective memory task (29 younger and 27 older in Study 1, 43 adults of all ages in Study 2). They were asked to report the strategies they used during the task, and to complete an Openness to Experience scale. RESULTS Consistent with previous reports, higher scores of Openness to experience and greater use of efficient memory strategies were associated with higher levels of memory performance. In addition, individual differences in memory strategy use mostly mediated the relation between Openness and memory performance. Results did not support a mediation model moderated by age. That is, the role of memory strategy use in the relation between Openness and memory was the same in younger and older adults. CONCLUSION Higher levels of Openness are associated with better memory performance, mostly because people with higher levels of Openness use more efficient memory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Soubelet
- Department of Psychology, Cote d'Azur University, Nice, France
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Gentsch K, Beermann U, Wu L, Trznadel S, Scherer KR. Temporal Unfolding of Micro-valences in Facial Expression Evoked by Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Stimuli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:208-224. [PMID: 33283200 PMCID: PMC7717056 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Appraisal theories suggest that valence appraisal should be differentiated into micro-valences, such as intrinsic pleasantness and goal-/need-related appraisals. In contrast to a macro-valence approach, this dissociation explains, among other things, the emergence of mixed or blended emotions. Here, we extend earlier research that showed that these valence types can be empirically dissociated. We examine the timing and the response patterns of these two micro-valences via measuring facial muscle activity changes (electromyography, EMG) over the brow and the cheek regions. In addition, we explore the effects of the sensory stimulus modality (vision, audition, and olfaction) on these patterns. The two micro-valences were manipulated in a social judgment task: first, intrinsic un/pleasantness (IP) was manipulated by exposing participants to appropriate stimuli presented in different sensory domains followed by a goal conduciveness/obstruction (GC) manipulation consisting of feedback on participants' judgments that were congruent or incongruent with their task-related goal. The results show significantly different EMG responses and timing patterns for both types of micro-valence, confirming the prediction that they are independent, consecutive parts of the appraisal process. Moreover, the lack of interaction effects with the sensory stimulus modality suggests high generalizability of the underlying appraisal mechanisms across different perception channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Gentsch
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9, Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Erfurt, Germany
| | - Ursula Beermann
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9, Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, UMIT-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Lingdan Wu
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9, Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Trznadel
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9, Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Wyss Center for Bio- and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klaus R Scherer
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9, Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Michelet D, Truchot J, Du Fayet De La Tour C, Benichou C, Berdji A, Delivet H, Ceccaldi PF, Plaisance P, Julien-Marsollier F, Dahmani S. The impact of psychological factors on the management of intraoperative haemodynamic events in children. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020; 39:785-791. [PMID: 33010488 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric anaesthesia requires specific theoretical knowledge and practical training. Non-technical skills and psychological factors might influence learning and practice. The aim of this study was to assess personality type and decision-making styles of paediatric anaesthesiology residents during the management of simulated intraoperative life-threatening cases. METHOD Residents in anaesthesiology (between 4 and 5 years of training) participated in a simulated hypoxic cardiac arrest in the operating theatre. Their performance was evaluated using a score derived from international recommended management algorithm. They were asked to answer self-assessment questionnaires regarding both their personality (the five personality factors) and their decision-making style. Correlations between performance and personality were investigated. RESULTS Thirty-eight residents participated in the simulation session and 36 accepted to answer the questionnaires. Good management scoring was positively correlated with agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits but was negatively correlated with avoidance and spontaneous decision-making styles. DISCUSSION The current study identified personality traits and decision-making styles that might influence the management of critical situations during paediatric anaesthesia. The proper identification of these factors might allow targeted personalised training to improve knowledge mobilisation and translation in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Michelet
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Beaujon Hospital, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Jennifer Truchot
- Emergency Department, Lariboisière University Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Beaujon Hospital, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Charlotte Du Fayet De La Tour
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Candy Benichou
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Abdellouahabe Berdji
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Honorine Delivet
- Emergency Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Francois Ceccaldi
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Beaujon Hospital, 92110 Clichy, France; Ilumens Department of Simulation in Healthcare, Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Plaisance
- Emergency Department, Lariboisière University Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; Ilumens Department of Simulation in Healthcare, Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Julien-Marsollier
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Souhayl Dahmani
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France; UMR INSERM U 676.Robert Debré University Hospital, 75019 Paris, France.
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Accuracy in Judging Others' Personalities: The Role of Emotion Recognition, Emotion Understanding, and Trait Emotional Intelligence. J Intell 2020; 8:jintelligence8030034. [PMID: 32961916 PMCID: PMC7555973 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence8030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately judge others’ personality and the ability to accurately recognize others’ emotions are both part of the broader construct of interpersonal accuracy (IPA). However, little research has examined the association between these two IPA domains. Little is also known about the relationship between personality judgment accuracy and other socio-emotional skills and traits. In the present study, 121 participants judged eight traits (Big Five, intelligence, cooperativeness, and empathy) in each of 30 targets who were presented either in a photograph, a muted video, or a video with sound. The videos were 30 second excerpts from negotiations that the targets had engaged in. Participants also completed standard tests of emotion recognition ability, emotion understanding, and trait emotional intelligence. Results showed that personality judgment accuracy, when indexed as trait accuracy and distinctive profile accuracy, positively correlated with emotion recognition ability and was unrelated to emotion understanding and trait emotional intelligence. Female participants were more accurate in judging targets’ personality than men. These results provide support for IPA as a set of correlated domain-specific skills and encourage further research on personality judgment accuracy as a meaningful individual difference variable.
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Simion O, Dorard G. L’usage problématique des réseaux sociaux chez les jeunes adultes : quels liens avec l’exposition de soi, l’estime de soi sociale et la personnalité ? PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Vieillard S, Pinabiaux C, Bigand E. Positive and Detached Reappraisal of Threatening Music in Younger and Older Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:216. [PMID: 32670038 PMCID: PMC7330061 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Past empirical studies have suggested that older adults preferentially use gaze-based mood regulation to lessen their negative experiences while watching an emotional scene. This preference for a low cognitively demanding regulatory strategy leaves open the question of whether the effortful processing of a more cognitively demanding reappraisal task is really spared from the general age-related decline. Because it does not allow perceptual attention to be redirected away from the emotional source, music provides an ideal way to address this question. The goal of our study was to examine the affective, behavioral, physiological, and cognitive outcomes of positive and detached reappraisal in response to negative musical emotion in younger and older adults. Participants first simply listened to a series of threatening musical excerpts and were then instructed to either positively reappraise or to detach themselves from the emotion elicited by music. Findings showed that, when instructed to simply listen to threatening music, older adults reported a more positive feeling associated with a smaller SCL in comparison with their younger counterparts. When implementing positive and detached reappraisal, participants showed more positive and more aroused emotional experiences, whatever the age group. We also found that the instruction to intentionally reappraise negative emotions results in a lesser cognitive cost for older adults in comparison with younger adults. Taken together, these data suggest that, compared to younger adults, older adults engage in spontaneous downregulation of negative affect and successfully implement downregulation instructions. This extends previous findings and brings compelling evidence that, even when auditory attention cannot be redirected away from the emotional source, older adults are still more effective at regulating emotions. Taking into account the age-associated decline in executive functioning, our results suggest that the working memory task could have distracted older adults from the reminiscences of the threat-evoking music, thus resulting in an emotional downregulation. Hence, even if they were instructed to implement reappraisal strategies, older adults might prefer distraction over engagement in reappraisal. This is congruent with the idea that, although getting older, people are more likely to be distracted from a negative source of emotion to maintain their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Vieillard
- Unité DysCo, Fonctionnement et Dysfonctionnement Cognitifs: Les âges de la vie, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Charlotte Pinabiaux
- Unité DysCo, Fonctionnement et Dysfonctionnement Cognitifs: Les âges de la vie, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Emmanuel Bigand
- Unité LEAD, Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissages et du Développement, UMR CNRS 5022, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Juneau C, Pellerin N, Trives E, Ricard M, Shankland R, Dambrun M. Reliability and validity of an equanimity questionnaire: the two-factor equanimity scale (EQUA-S). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9405. [PMID: 32704443 PMCID: PMC7350915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have revealed the positive impact of mindfulness training on mental health and proposed equanimity as a general outcome in contemplative research. Despite recent interest, relatively few studies have empirically examined equanimity and measurement instruments are still lacking. The main goal of this study was to develop an Equanimity Scale (the EQUA-S) in a Western population with or without meditation experience, based on previous definitions of equanimity, in order to investigate its relations with the relevant psychological constructs and health outcomes. Methods Adults from the general population (N = 265; M age = 34.81) completed various measures: the EQUA-S, mindfulness, hyper-sensitivity, avoidance and fusion, impulsivity, personality, alexithymia, sensitivity to punishment and reward and frequency of problematic addictive behaviors. The dimensionality of the EQUA-S was examined using Factor Analyses. The convergent validity of this new scale was investigated using Pearson's Correlations. Results The results of a factor analysis revealed two dimensions of equanimity: an even-minded state of mind (E-MSM) and a hedonic independence (HI) component. While the E-MSM was positively related to emotional stability, adaptive emotional regulation and several mindfulness-related abilities, HI was found to correlate negatively with addictive issues. Discussion The relations with personality constructs and possible related cognitive processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Juneau
- LAPSCO CNRS UMR 6024, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Pellerin
- CLLE-LTC CNRS UMR 5263, Université de Toulouse-le-Mirail (Toulouse II), Toulouse, France
| | - Elliott Trives
- LAPCOS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Ricard
- Mind and Life Institute, Shechen Monastery, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO CNRS UMR 6024, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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