Prevalence of mental illness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea – A cross-sectional study from Kashmir, India

Research on sleep disorders in patients with mental illness: A review of Indian studies

Background

Many psychiatric disorders present with symptoms involving disordered sleep. The overlay of sleep and psychiatric disorders, though ubiquitous, remains less well understood. The evolution of diagnostic manuals for sleep and psychiatric disorders has also complicated our understanding of this intersection.

Aim

Hence, this current review was conducted to explore the progress of Indian research on sleep disorders in patients with mental illness.

Methods

In order to cover the wide spectrum of our scope of review, it was decided to conduct a narrative review. The search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, and the recruited studies were all research work done in India on sleep disorders in patients with mental illness.

Results

The review could identify substantial volume of research published from India on sleep disorders in patients with mental illness. The prominent sleep disorders that were addressed included restless legs syndrome, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, and sleep-related breathing disorders. The studies were mostly clinic-based and observational in nature.

Conclusion

To conclude, the relationship of psychiatric disorders and sleep disorders has been in the forefront of research in the India. There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders in Indian patients with psychiatric ailments. However, it was found that the research attempts have been largely clustered toward certain selected disorders and there is a need for conducting more studies using more rigorous designs.

Bidirectional correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and sleep problems are highly prevalent among the general population. Both them are associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, which is highlighting an underexplored connection between them. This meta-analysis aims to explore the association between sleep problems and GERD.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords, covering articles from the inception of the databases until August 2023. Stata statistical software, version 14.0, was utilized for all statistical analyses. A fixed-effects model was applied when p > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, while a random-effects model was employed for high heterogeneity (p < 0.1 and I2 > 50%). Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias.

Results

Involving 22 studies, our meta-analysis revealed that insomnia, sleep disturbance, or short sleep duration significantly increased the risk of GERD (OR = 2.02, 95% CI [1.64-2.49], p < 0.001; I2 = 66.4%; OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.58-2.50], p < 0.001, I2 = 50.1%; OR = 2.66, 95% CI [2.02-3.15], p < 0.001; I2 = 62.5%, respectively). GERD was associated with an elevated risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.47-1.79], p < 0.001, I2 = 72.4%), sleep disturbance (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.24-1.74], p < 0.001, I2 = 71.6%), or short sleep duration (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.12-1.21], p < 0.001, I2 = 0).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis establishes a bidirectional relationship between four distinct types of sleep problems and GERD. The findings offer insights for the development of innovative approaches in the treatment of both GERD and sleep problems.