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Duc HM, Hoa TTK, Ha CTT, Van Hung L, Van Thang N, Minh Son H, Flory GA. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Pork and Chicken Meat in Vietnam. Pathogens 2024; 13:400. [PMID: 38787252 PMCID: PMC11123724 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens as it can cause food poisoning in humans and necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. Meat, especially pork and chicken meat, is considered the main vehicle for the transmission of C. perfringens from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, toxinotype, and antimicrobial resistance profile of C. perfringens isolated from pork and chicken meat sold in Vietnam. The isolation results showed that 15/50 (30%) of pork samples and 8/50 (16%) of chicken meat samples were contaminated with C. perfringens. The isolates exhibited their highest resistance rate to tetracycline (21/23; 91.30%) and clindamycin (10/23; 43.48%). On the contrary, their lowest resistance rates were observed in response to imipenem (2/23; 8.70%) and cefoxitin (1/23; 4.35%). In particular, 34.78% (8/23) of C. perfringens isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant strains. The results of toxin genotyping indicated that all isolates were positive for the cpa gene and belonged to type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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De Jonge B, Pardon B, Goossens E, Van Immerseel F, Vereecke N, Pas ML, Callens J, Caliskan N, Roels S, Chiers K. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: Gross, histological, and microbiological characterization. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:235-244. [PMID: 36601786 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221143402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic and fatal disease of predominantly lactating dairy cattle, characterized by segmental hemorrhage and luminal clot formation in the small intestine. Although, Clostridium perfringens and Aspergillus fumigatus have been associated with HBS, the pathogenesis and cause are currently unknown. In this study, 18 naturally occurring cases of HBS (7 necropsied immediately following euthanasia, 11 with 12-48 hour postmortem intervals) were investigated to characterize the pathology and the intestinal microbiome. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome was characterized by a single small-intestinal, intramucosal hematoma with dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae. In most cases necropsied immediately after euthanasia (4/7), the intestinal mucosa proximal to the hematoma contained 9 to 14, dispersed, solitary or clustered, erosions or lacerations measuring 4 to 45 mm. In 77% (37/48) of these mucosal lesions, microscopic splitting of the lamina muscularis mucosae comparable to the hematoma was present. These findings suggest the intramucosal hematoma to originate from small mucosal erosions through dissecting hemorrhage within the lamina muscularis mucosae. No invasive fungal growth was observed in any tissue. Bacteriological cultivation and nanopore sequencing showed a polymicrobial population at the hematoma and unaffected intestine, with mostly mild presence of C perfringens at selective culture. Gross and microscopic lesions, as well as the culture and sequencing results, were not in support of involvement of C perfringens or A fumigatus in the pathogenesis of HBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nick Vereecke
- Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,PathoSense BV, Lier, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Roels
- Animal Health Service Flanders, Torhout, Belgium
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Kamel A, Fuentes M, Palacios A, Rodrigo M, Vivar M. Deactivating environmental strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens from a real wastewater effluent using UV-LEDs. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12628. [PMID: 36636203 PMCID: PMC9830170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental bacteria strains are known to be more resistant but studies on UV-LEDs are scarce, especially for Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus faecalis. UV-LEDs of different wavelengths (268 nm, 279 nm and 307 nm) have been used for treating real wastewater from the effluent of the municipal plant in Linares (Spain), with real organic matter content, for E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens disinfection. Experimental results demonstrate that 268 nm was the most effective wavelength for inactivation of the three different bacteria strains: E. coli showed an inactivation rate of 0.561 at 268 nm vs. 0.245 at 279 nm and 0.0029 for 307 nm; E. faecalis inactivation rate was 0.313 at 268 nm, 0.231 at 279 nm and 0.0023 at 307 nm; and C. perfringens inactivation rate was 0.084 at 268 nm, 0.033 at 279 nm and 6.9e-4 at 307 nm. In general, 307 nm wavelength showed a significantly lower inactivation rate so it would not be recommended for practical applications. C. Perfringens required higher UV doses and longer times to achieve complete inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kamel
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - M. Fuentes
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - A.M. Palacios
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - M.J. Rodrigo
- Aqualia, Aguas de Linares ‘Linaqua’, Linares, 23700, Spain
| | - M. Vivar
- Grupo IDEA, EPS Linares, Universidad de Jaén, Linares, 23700, Spain,Corresponding author.
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Haider Z, Ali T, Ullah A, Basit A, Tahir H, Tariq H, Ilyas SZ, Hayat Z, Rehman SU. Isolation, toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from Pakistan poultry. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102499. [PMID: 34890812 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clostridium perfringens is a causative agent of enteric infections in animals including poultry by producing twenty different types of toxins. A single strain produces only a subset of these toxins, which form the basis of its classification into seven toxinotypes (A-G). C. perfringens toxinotype A is a widespread cause of necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of different toxins and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens isolated from Pakistan NE affected poultry. METHODS A total of 134 intestinal samples of the diseased birds were collected postmortem and processed for isolation of C. perfringens using tryptose sulphite cycloserine (TSC) agar supplemented with d-cycloserine. Isolates were confirmed by Gram's staining, biochemical and molecular analyses. Toxinotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS A total of 34 strains of C. perfringens were isolated from 134 samples with prevalence rate of 25.37%. All the isolated strains were toxinotype A, as they were positive for alpha toxin (CPA) and negative for other tested toxins such as beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX), iota (ITX), enterotoxin (CPE), toxin perfringens large (TpeL) and necrotic B-like toxin (NetB). Interestingly, all the isolated strains of C. perfringens were multidrug resistant. The highest resistance was observed against Neomycin, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline and Lincomycin which are routinely used at Pakistan poultry production. CONCLUSION C. perfringens toxinotype A is prevalent in Pakistan poultry. Incidence of C. perfringens with prevalence rate of 25.37% can pose serious threat to Pakistan's poultry industry given that all the isolated strains were multidrug resistant. Our findings highlight the need for new antibiotics and antibiotic alternatives to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulquernain Haider
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Tanveer Ali
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Asim Ullah
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Basit
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Hamza Tahir
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Hafsa Tariq
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Zainab Ilyas
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sarghoda, Sarghoda, Pakistan; Department of Animal Sciences, CVAS- Jhang Campus, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shafiq-Ur Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Burdsall AC, Xing Y, Cooper CW, Harper WF. Bioaerosol emissions from activated sludge basins: Characterization, release, and attenuation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141852. [PMID: 32891995 PMCID: PMC7439818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a critical review of the peer-reviewed literature related to bioaerosol generation from activated sludge basins. Characterization techniques include a variety of culture- and nonculture-based techniques, each with unique features. Bioaerosols contain a variety of clinical pathogens including Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella enteritidis; exposure to these microorganisms increases human health risks. Release mechanisms involve splashing and bubble burst dynamics. Larger bubbles emit more aerosol particles than smaller ones. Attenuation strategies include covering sources with lids, adjusting the method and intensity of aeration, and using free-floating carrier media. Future studies should combine culture and non-culture based methods, and expand chemical databases and spectral libraries in order to realize the full power of real-time online monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Burdsall
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Yun Xing
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Casey W Cooper
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Willie F Harper
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
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