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Oprea Y, Kody S, Shakshouk H, Greiling TM, Anstey KM, Ortega-Loayza AG. What can inherited immunodeficiencies reveal about pyoderma gangrenosum? Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14954. [PMID: 37846943 PMCID: PMC10841371 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis that is occasionally associated with primary immunodeficiency. Though contributions from dysregulation of the innate immune system, neutrophil dysfunction and genetic predisposition have been postulated, the precise pathogenesis of PG has not yet been elucidated. This article reviews reported cases of coexisting PG and primary immunodeficiency in order to gain insight into the complex pathophysiology of PG. Our findings suggest that variations in genes such as RAG1, ITGB2, IRF2BP2 and NFκB1 might play a role in genetically predisposing patients to develop PG. These studies support the feasibility of the role of somatic gene variation in the pathogenesis of PG which warrants further exploration to guide targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Oprea
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Kody
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hadir Shakshouk
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Teri M Greiling
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Karen M Anstey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alex G. Ortega-Loayza
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Vilmundarson RO, Heydarikhorneh N, Duong A, Ho T, Keyhanian K, Soheili F, Chen HH, Stewart AFR. Savior Siblings Might Rescue Fetal Lethality But Not Adult Lymphoma in Irf2bp2-Null Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868053. [PMID: 35865523 PMCID: PMC9295810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (Irf2bp2), a co-repressor of Irf2, is required for fetal hepatic erythropoiesis through the expansion of erythromyeloid progenitors. Mice with germline ablation of the entire Irf2bp2 transcript produced no viable Irf2bp2-null pups in first litters. In subsequent litters, fewer than 1/3 of the expected Irf2bp2-null pups were born and half survived to adulthood. As in humans with somatic mutations in IRF2BP2, adult Irf2bp2-null mice developed lymphoma. Transcriptome profiling of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle from Irf2bp2-null adult mice revealed a predominant upregulation of interferon-responsive genes. Of interest, hematopoietic stem cell-enriched transcription factors (Etv6, Fli1, Ikzf1, and Runx1) were also elevated in Irf2bp2-null livers. Intriguingly, Irf2bp2-positive mwfi 2yeloid (but not lymphoid) cells were detected in the livers of adult Irf2bp2-null mice. In female Irf2bp2-null mice, these cells carried a Y chromosome while in male Irf2bp2-null livers, no cells with Barr bodies (inactivated X chromosomes) were detected, indicating that Irf2bp2-positive erythromyeloid cells might be acquired only from male siblings of prior litters by transmaternal microchimerism. These cells likely rescue the deficit in fetal erythropoiesis, but not adult-onset lymphomagenesis, caused by Irfb2p2 ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar O. Vilmundarson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niloufar Heydarikhorneh
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - An Duong
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ho
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kianoosh Keyhanian
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fariborz Soheili
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-Huei Chen, ; Alexandre F. R. Stewart,
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-Huei Chen, ; Alexandre F. R. Stewart,
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Demirel S, Shetty M, Patel M, Mahmood K. First presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with partial immunoglobulin A deficiency. JRSM Open 2022; 13:20542704221086386. [PMID: 35464105 PMCID: PMC9019357 DOI: 10.1177/20542704221086386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a 58-year-old female with an intensely painful and rapidly enlarging necrotic cutaneous ulcer to the right shin on a background of partial immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD). She was seen by various healthcare professionals and managed with upscaling antibiotics for cellulitis requiring an inpatient hospital stay. The dermatology team made a clinical diagnosis of ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG) on assessing the patient 13 days post-onset of symptoms. The patient responded dramatically to steroids and oral tetracycline. This case highlights the unusually described association between PG and IgAD as well as the diagnostic challenge seen in patients presenting with PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Demirel
- Department of Dermatology, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive Dundee, DD2 1SG
| | - M Shetty
- Department of Dermatology, London Northwest University Healthcare NHS trust, Ealing Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Southall, UB1 3HW
| | - M Patel
- Colchester General Hospital, Turner Rd, Mile End, Colchester, CO4 5JL
| | - K Mahmood
- Colchester General Hospital, Turner Rd, Mile End, Colchester, CO4 5JL
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Ben Abdallah H, Fogh K, Vestergaard C, Bech R. Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Interleukin Inhibitors: A Semi-Systematic Review. Dermatology 2021; 238:785-792. [PMID: 34710873 DOI: 10.1159/000519320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerating skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities and increased mortality. In recent decades, newer biologics such as interleukin inhibitors have been used to treat PG; however, the literature is scarce, consisting predominantly of case reports and caseseries. The aim of our review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interleukin inhibitors for the treatment of PG in adults. SUMMARY A literature search was conducted using search terms related to PG and interleukin inhibitors in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The study eligibility criteria included patients diagnosed with PG, over the age of 18, and treated with an interleukin inhibitor. Our study included 60 papers describing 81 patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The treatment with interleukin inhibitors resulted in 70% (95% CI 59-80%) response and 57% (95% CI 45-68%) complete response rates, and few (4%) mild adverse events, hence supporting the off-label use for the treatment of recalcitrant PG in adults. The response and complete response rates were 59% (17/29) and 38% (11/29) for anakinra, 64% (7/11) and 55% (6/11) for canakinumab, and 79% (27/34) and 71% (24/34) for ustekinumab, respectively. Limitations include publication bias that might have overestimated the efficacy as successful cases responding to treatment are more likely to be reported than nonresponding cases. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the treatment groups does not allow conclusions of superiority or inferiority of the different interleukin inhibitors to be drawn. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of the different interleukin inhibitors and to investigate the importance of underlying disease for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten Fogh
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Bech
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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