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Ribeiro AG, Silva RDS, da Silva DA, Nascimento JCDS, de Souza LFA, da Silva EG, Ribeiro JES, Campos DB, Alves CVBDV, Saraiva EP, Costa FGP, Guerra RR. Heat Stress in Japanese Quails ( Coturnix japonica): Benefits of Phytase Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3599. [PMID: 39765504 PMCID: PMC11672450 DOI: 10.3390/ani14243599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
In tropical and subtropical climate regions, heat stress is one of the main causes of production losses in laying quails, aggravated by the antinutritional effects of the phytate in diet ingredients, which negatively affect the bioavailability of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. This situation results in a reduction in production and the quality of eggs from commercial laying quails. Several nutritional strategies are utilized to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures and antinutritional factors such as phytate. Among these strategies, the use of exogenous enzymes, such as phytase, stands out as a viable alternative. Phytase breaks down phytate molecules, optimizing the absorption of essential minerals and improving productive performance and egg quality under unfavorable conditions. Specifically, it is recommended to use 1500 FTU of phytase, as it not only reduces the effects of thermal stress but also enhances eggshell thickness and calcium absorption. In this context, this bibliographic review sought to produce a document demonstrating the beneficial effects of the phytase enzyme on the hydrolysis of the phytate molecule, the availability of calcium for Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), and its implications in thermal stress due to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Raiane dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Dayane Albuquerque da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Edijanio Galdino da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (E.G.d.S.); (D.B.C.); (C.V.B.d.V.A.)
| | - José Evangelista Santos Ribeiro
- Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rua João Pessoa s/n, Bananeiras 58220-000, PB, Brazil;
| | - Danila Barreiro Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (E.G.d.S.); (D.B.C.); (C.V.B.d.V.A.)
| | | | - Edilson Paes Saraiva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Ricardo Romão Guerra
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
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Ahmadi M, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Khaligh F. Effect of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase and a carbohydrase-protease cocktail derived from Bacillus spp. on performance, digestibility, bone mineralization and gut morphology in broilers fed different nutrient density diets. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1344. [PMID: 38227704 PMCID: PMC10790325 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme combinations, particularly phytase (PHY) with various carbohydrases and proteases, are utilized in commercial broiler production to enhance nutrient and energy bioavailability. OBJECTIVE A feeding study was undertaken to determine whether the efficiency of an Escherichia coli-derived PHY and a feed enzyme complex (FEC) derived from Bacillus spp. containing carbohydrase and protease as main activities in broiler chickens is dependent on diet quality. A total of 900 male one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of the treatments with 2 different nutrient density diets, standard nutrient diet (SN diet) and a low-nutrient diet (LN diet; -100 kcal/kg for AMEn and -5% for crude protein [CP] and limiting amino acids), and 3 enzyme treatments (control [no enzymes], PHY and PHY + FEC). Each treatment group was composed of 6 replicates of 25 birds each. RESULTS The LN diet caused a decrease in performance index, tibia length and diameter, tibia calcium content and jejunal villus surface area (VSA). The interaction effects between diet and enzyme supplementation were observed (p < 0.05) on overall average daily gain (ADG), performance index, tibia ash content and jejunal villus height (VH) and VSA, with the favourable benefits of PHY + FEC treatment being more pronounced in the LN diets. Regardless of dietary nutrient density, supplementation with PHY alone or combined with FEC enhanced (p < 0.05) final body weight, overall ADG and jejunal villus height (VH)/crypt depth, with the highest values observed in the PHY + FEC group. The PHY + FEC treatment also improved (p < 0.05) overall feed conversion ratio, apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, CP, and energy, and tibia phosphorus content compared to the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the simultaneous addition of PHY and FEC to the LN diets improved the growth rate, bone mineralization and gut morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentArak UniversityArakIran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentArak UniversityArakIran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentArak UniversityArakIran
| | - Farhad Khaligh
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Hofmann T, Schmucker S, Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Rodehutscord M, Stefanski V. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010129. [PMID: 33430096 PMCID: PMC7826506 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus and calcium are essential nutrients for body functions including the immune system and are generally supplemented to poultry diets. Phosphorus is also present in plant feedstuffs, bound as phytate, which can be used by enzymatic hydrolyzation in the chicken. A reduction of dietary mineral phosphorus might consequently be conceivable, without negatively influencing the immune system. The high concentration of calcium in diets for laying hens that is needed for eggshell formation may inhibit phytate degrading enzymes, and thus, decrease phosphorus availability for the hen. Both phytate degradation and several immune parameters are known to be strain-specific, making an interaction of the genetic background and the dietary phosphorus and calcium supply with the immune system likely. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of reduced concentrations of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in two laying hen strains. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced, while reduced calcium reduced several immune parameters. The two strains showed differences in many immune parameters, but only the impact of dietary phosphorus was influenced by the genetic background. These results suggest that dietary phosphorus and calcium supply may strain-specifically influence immune defense and protection against infection in chicken. Abstract Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and γδ T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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Seyfori H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Nazaran MH, Hafizi M. Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Ostriches Receiving Drinking Water Supplemented with Varying Levels of Chelated Trace Mineral Complex. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:147-155. [PMID: 28801773 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water supplementation of chelated trace minerals (CTM, which is named Bonzaplex designed with chelate compounds technology) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of minerals, and some blood metabolites, TM, and antioxidant enzyme values in African ostriches were investigated from 8 to 12 months of age. A total of 20 8-month-old ostriches (five birds in five replicate pens) was randomly allocated into one of the following four treatments: (1) control (basal diet + tap water), (2) low CTM (basal diet +100 mg/bird/day CTM powder in tap water), (3) medium CTM (basal diet +1 g/bird/day CTM powder in tap water), and (4) high CTM (basal diet +2 g/bird/day CTM powder in tap water). Compared with control, medium CTM improved (P < 0.05) daily weight gain and ATTD of phosphorous, zinc, and copper in 12-month-old ostriches. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio was lower, and ATTD of magnesium was higher in the medium- and high-CTM groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At the end of the trial, ostriches receiving high-CTM treatment exhibited the lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and higher copper levels compared to those of the control treatment. Supplementation of higher amounts of CTM (medium and high CTM) also increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05). No differences were detected for other blood parameters including glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, iron, magnesium, and glutathione peroxidase values. In conclusion, supplementation of CTM at the level of 1 g/bird/day to the drinking water can be recommended for improving growth performance, mineral absorption, and antioxidant status of ostriches fed diets containing the recommended levels of inorganic TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Seyfori
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
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