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Nan S, Yao M, Zhang X, Wang H, Li J, Niu J, Chen C, Zhang W, Nie C. Fermented grape seed meal promotes broiler growth and reduces abdominal fat deposition through intestinal microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994033. [PMID: 36299718 PMCID: PMC9589342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of grape seed meal, a non-conventional feed resource, improves its conventional nutritional composition, promotes the growth and development of livestock and fat metabolism by influencing the structure and diversity of intestinal bacteria. In this study, the nutritional components of Fermented grape seed meal (FGSM) and their effects on the growth performance, carcass quality, serum biochemistry, and intestinal bacteria of yellow feather broilers were investigated. A total of 240 male 14-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly selected and divided into four groups, with three replicates of 20 chickens each. Animals were fed diets containing 0% (Group I), 2% (Group II), 4% (Group III), or 6% (Group IV) FGSM until they were 56 days old. The results showed that Acid soluble protein (ASP) and Crude protein (CP) contents increased, Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents decreased, and free amino acid content increased in the FGSM group. The non-targeted metabolome identified 29 differential metabolites in FGSM, including organic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monosaccharides. During the entire trial period, Average daily gain (ADG) increased and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in response to dietary FGSM supplementation (p < 0.05). TP content in the serum increased and BUN content decreased in groups III and IV (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the serum TG content in group III and the abdominal fat rate in group IV were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that FGSM could significantly increase the Shannon and Simpson indices of broilers (35 days). Reducing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.05). By day 56, butyric acid content increased in the cecal samples from Group III (p < 0.05). In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between broiler growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, SCFAs, and gut microbes. In summary, the addition of appropriate levels of FGSM to rations improved broiler growth performance and reduced fat deposition by regulating gut microbes through differential metabolites and affecting the microbiota structure and SCFA content of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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White Grape Pomace Valorization for Remediating Purposes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on a possible alternative to reduce grape pomace’s negative impact on the environment by exploiting its capacities for wastewater remediation. Therefore, three directions are followed: (1) the characterization of white grape byproducts’ antioxidant and antiradical properties; (2) the determination of organophosphorus compound concentration that might be present in the samples; and (3) the evaluation of the possible use for wastewater remediation. The grape pomace was used for obtaining different extracts considering different extraction conditions. The hydroalcoholic extracts have an increased amount of total phenolic content. The lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract showed high total phenolic content (159.52 mg/100 g) and low organophosphorus content (0.257 ± 0.015 nmol). The lowest DPPH antiradical-scavenging activities were obtained for the extracts in ethanol obtained from refrigerated pomace (0.055) and for dried pomace (0.045).
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In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activities of Canes and Pomace Extracts from Several Varieties of Vitis vinifera L. for Inclusion in Freeze-Drying Mouthwashes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020218. [PMID: 35204101 PMCID: PMC8868111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the biological activities of four extracts from Vitis vinifera by-products: two pomace extracts, white (WPE) and red (RPE), a canes extract (CE), and their combination (CoE), were evaluated, to be included in freeze-drying mouthwashes formulations. The cytocompatibility and anticancerous potential of the four extracts were tested on three cancerous cell lines, as well as the cytoprotective activity against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity and the antioxidant potential determined on a human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cell line. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity and the antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms from the oral microbiome were tested. Freeze-dried mouthwashes with CoE were prepared and characterized, both as lyophilizates and after reconstitution. The four tested extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity on MDA-kb2 cell line. The antioxidant potential was demonstrated for WPE, RPE, CE, and CoE, both in non-stimulated and H2O2 stimulated conditions. The four extracts reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) in a dose-dependent manner, confirming their anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial activity of tested extracts was shown against pathogenic bacteria from the oral microbiome. Mouthwashes of CoE with poloxamer-407, xylitol, and different ratios of mannitol were prepared by freeze-drying leading to porous formulations with interesting mechanical properties and reconstitution times.
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Tian XZ, Li JX, Luo QY, Zhou D, Long QM, Wang X, Lu Q, Wen GL. Effects of Purple Corn Anthocyanin on Blood Biochemical Indexes, Ruminal Fluid Fermentation, and Rumen Microbiota in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:715710. [PMID: 34589534 PMCID: PMC8475905 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.715710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of anthocyanin from purple corn on blood biochemical indexes, ruminal fluid fermentation parameters, and the microbial population in goats. A total of 18 Qianbei Ma wether kids (body weight, 21.38 ± 1.61 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to three groups using a completely randomized design. The group diets were: (1) control, basal diet, (2) treatment 1 (LA), basal diet with 0.5-g/d purple corn pigment (PCP), and (3) treatment 2 (HA), basal diet with 1-g/d PCP. The results showed that supplementation of PCP anthocyanin increased (P < 0.05) crude protein and gross energy digestibilities compared to the control. Compared to the control group, the inclusion of anthocyanin-rich PCP led to significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma reduced glutathione and peroxidase concentrations. Goats receiving PCP had increased (P < 0.05) ruminal fluid acetic acid and a higher ratio of acetate to propionate, while the propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid levels had decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in ruminal fluid alpha bacterial diversity among the three groups. At the phylum level, the feeding of PCP had significant effect (P < 0.05) on the abundances of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Elusimicrobiota, WPS-2, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, HA group had lower (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundance compared to the other groups. In addition, significant differences (P < 0.05) were also observed for the ruminal fluid Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Amnipila, Ruminiclostridium, U29-B03, unclassified_c_Clostridia, Pyramidobacter, Anaeroplasma, UCG-004, Atopobium, norank_f_norank_o_Bradymonadales, Elusimicrobium, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_norank_p_WPS-2, norank_f_Bacteroidales_UCG-001, and norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales among all groups. Taken together, the inclusion of anthocyanin-rich PCP increased the antioxidant potential, improved rumen volatile fatty acids, and induced a shift in the structure and relative abundance of ruminal microbiota in growing goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhou Tian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Meng Long
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-Lan Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Chowdhary P, Gupta A, Gnansounou E, Pandey A, Chaturvedi P. Current trends and possibilities for exploitation of Grape pomace as a potential source for value addition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116796. [PMID: 33740601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is a low-value by-product that contains a significant amount of high value-added products. The huge amount of non-edible residues of GP wastes (seeds, skins, leaves and, stems) produced by wine industries causes' environmental pollution, management issues as well as economic loss. Studies over the past 15-20 years revealed that GP could serve as a potential source for valuable bioactive compounds like antioxidants, bioactive, nutraceuticals, single-cell protein, and volatile organic compounds with an increasing scientific interest in their beneficial effects on human and animal health. However, the selection of appropriate techniques for the extraction of these compounds without compromising the stability of the extracted products is still a challenging task for the researcher. Based on the current scenario, the review mainly summarizes the novel applications of winery wastes in many sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, livestock fields, and also the bio-energy recovery system. We also summarize the existing information/knowledge on several green technologies for the recovery of value-added by-products. For the promotion of many emerging technologies, the entrepreneur should be aware of the opportunities/techniques for the development of high-quality value-added products. Thus, this review presents systematic information on value-added by-products that are used for societal benefits concerning the potential for human health and a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Bioenergy and Energy Planning, IIC, ENAC, École Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 18, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Raffrenato E, Dugan MER, Mutsvangwa T, Mapiye C. Comparative effects of feeding citrus pulp and grape pomace on nutrient digestibility and utilization in steers. Animal 2020; 15:100020. [PMID: 33516014 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedlot beef production in tropics and subtropics is being limited by shortage of feed ingredients due to prolonged droughts resulting in high prices of cereal grains and reduced profitability. To alleviate feed shortages and increase profitability for the feedlot industry, it is important to explore underutilized non-conventional resources such as fruit by-products. The current study compared the nutrient intake, digestibility and utilization effects of feeding either 150 g/kg of dried citrus pulp (DCP) or grape pomace (DGP) as alternative dietary fibre sources to 7 months-old Angus steers (281 ± 15.7 kg) under feedlot conditions. Twenty-four steers were assigned to three dietary treatments (8 steers/treatment) in a completely randomised design. Each steer was treated as an experimental unit. Steers were adapted to diets for 21 d followed by 7 d of sample collection during which nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, nitrogen retention and microbial N supply were determined. All the data were analysed using the GLIMMIX procedures. Overall, steers fed DGP had the greatest dry matter intake (DM), organic matter (OM) crude protein (CP), ash free neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom), ether extract (EE) and starch intake followed by DCP and control (CON) diets (P ≤ .05). Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and aNDFom were higher (P ≤ .05) for DCP diet compared to DGP and CON diets. Feeding DCP and DGP diets increased ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and isovalerate, and acetate to propionate ratio, and reduced propionate concentrations compared to the CON diet (P ≤ .05). The steers fed the CON diet had the greatest urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid and total purine derivatives followed by those fed the DCP and DGP diets (P ≤ .05). Nitrogen intake, faecal nitrogen (N), N retention and N efficiency utilization were in the order of DGP > DCP > CON diets (P ≤ .05). Overall, feeding DGP as alternative fibre source to wheat bran improved nutrient intake, retention and efficiency of N utilization but reduced apparent nutrient digestibility compared to DCP. Current finding suggests that DGP may be a better fibre substitute for wheat bran in beef diets than DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Tayengwa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Emiliano Raffrenato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Research and Development RUM & N Sas, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Mutsvangwa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Dugan ME, Mutsvangwa T, Mapiye C. Influence of feeding fruit by-products as alternative dietary fibre sources to wheat bran on beef production and quality of Angus steers. Meat Sci 2020; 161:107969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Wine production is one of the most important agricultural activities around the world. The production of wine involves the use of a large number of valuable resources, such as water, fertilizers, and other organic products. Moreover, it produces a large amount of wastewater and organic waste that must be treated adequately to avoid contaminating the areas of production. The nature of the waste produced depends very closely on the specific vinification procedures, which also affect the physical–chemical properties of the residual material generated, whose characteristics determine its subsequent use and even condition the subsequent specific recovery circuit in which can be integrated.
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Effect of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage) pomace supplementation on nutrient utilization in finisher lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Citrus and Winery Wastes: Promising Dietary Supplements for Sustainable Ruminant Animal Nutrition, Health, Production, and Meat Quality. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrus and grapes are the most widely grown fruits globally, with one-third of total production used for juice and wine making. The juice and winemaking processes generate large quantities of solid organic wastes including citrus pulp and grape pomace. These fruit wastes pose serious economic, environmental, and social challenges, especially in low-to-middle-income countries due to financial, technological, and infrastructural limitations. They are, however, rich in valuable compounds which can be utilized in the ruminant livestock industry as novel, economical, and natural sources of cellulose, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals, which have nutritional, anthelmintic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Despite citrus and grape fruit wastes having such potential, they remain underexploited by the livestock industry in low-to-middle-income countries owing to lack of finance, skills, technology, and infrastructure. Inclusion of these fruit wastes in ruminant diets could combine the desirable effects of enhancing animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality attributes with the prevention of challenges associated with their disposal into the environment. The current review explores the valorization potential of citrus and winery wastes as dietary supplements to sustainably enhance ruminant animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality.
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