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Touno E, Tagawa SI, Kamizono T, Kunizane H, Uchino H, Kawamoto H, Uozumi S, Deguchi S. Feed characteristics of dried corn grain and corn grain silage produced in Japan compared with imported corn grain. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13938. [PMID: 38567743 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We compared the in situ dry matter degradability (ISDMD) and crude protein degradability (ISCPD) of high-moisture corn grain silage and dried corn grains produced in Japan (JHC and JDC, respectively) with corn grains imported from the United States (USC), Brazil (BRC), and South Africa (SAC). The ISDMD values of USC, BAC, and SAC were between those of JHC and JDC, but ISDMD did not differ significantly between USC and SAC. In contrast, ISDMD was lower for BAC than USC and SAC. Overall, our results indicate that ISDMD and ISCPD in the rumen differ between corn grains sources (domestic compared with imported and between production locations), primarily due to differences between the corn varieties represented. In particular, the ISDMD and ISCPD of JHC were greater than those of JDC, and this difference in degradability needs to be considered when using high-moisture corn grain silage as a substitute for dried corn grain as a feed for dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Touno
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tagawa
- Ishinomaki Factory, Shimizuko Shiryo Co., Ltd, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamizono
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Uchino
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kawamoto
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | - Sunao Uozumi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | - Shin Deguchi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
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Guimarães GS, Azevedo JAG, Cairo FC, da Silva CS, Souza LL, dos Santos Nunes F, de Carvalho GGP, de Araújo GGL, Silva RR. Proportions of concentrate and rehydrated ground grain corn silage at different storage times for better use of starch by lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:297. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Silva BDC, Pacheco MVC, Godoi LA, Alhadas HM, Pereira JMV, Rennó LN, Detmann E, Paulino PVR, Schoonmaker JP, Valadares Filho SDC. Reconstituted and ensiled corn or sorghum grain: Impacts on dietary nitrogen fractions, intake, and digestion sites in young Nellore bulls. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237381. [PMID: 32764802 PMCID: PMC7413414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted: (1) to evaluate the effect of ensiling time and grain source on dietary nitrogen fractions; and (2) to verify the influence of concentrate level, processing method and grain source on intake, microbial efficiency, and digestibility by young Nellore bulls. In Experiment 1, corn and sorghum grains were milled, reconstituted to 35% moisture, and ensiled in a bag silo for 10 different times. There were three replications per ensiling time and grain source. Samples from each replication were analyzed in triplicate for total nitrogen (N), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), soluble N, insoluble N, and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN). In Experiment 2, five Nellore bulls were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Four diets were comprised of 28.4% corn silage, 10.7% supplement, and 60.9% dry ground corn, dry ground sorghum, reconstituted and ensiled corn, or reconstituted and ensiled ground sorghum. An additional diet comprised of 45% corn silage, 10.7% supplement, and 44.3% dry ground corn (Roughage+) was used. Each experimental period lasted 22 days, with an adaptation period of 14 days followed by 5 days of total feces and urine collection and 3 days of collecting omasal samples. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The reconstitution and ensiling process reduced (P < 0.05) the insoluble N fraction, increased (P < 0.05) non-protein nitrogen of corn and sorghum grains, tended (P = 0.052) to increase microbial efficiency, and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal and total digestion of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and starch. The concentrate level affected neither (P > 0.05) DM intake nor rumen pH. On the other hand, bulls fed diets based on 72% concentrate showed greater (P < 0.05) DM, OM, and CP digestibility compared with those fed a diet based on 55% concentrate. In addition, animals fed diets based on corn grains (both reconstituted and ensiled or dry) presented greater (P < 0.05) intestinal and total starch digestion compared to those fed sorghum grain. Therefore, the reconstitution process can reduce the insoluble N fraction and increase nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno de Castro Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Letícia Artuzo Godoi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edenio Detmann
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jon Patrick Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Sciences, Creighton Hall of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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