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Ye H, Soede NM, Kemp B, Wang J, Fleuren M, Laurenssen B, Bouwman E, Langendijk P. Lactation body condition loss impaired conceptus development and plasma progesterone concentration at day 8 post-ovulation in primiparous sows. Theriogenology 2024; 218:174-182. [PMID: 38330861 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated effects of dietary amino acid (AA) availability on lactational body condition loss and metabolic status, in relation to reproductive parameters after weaning up to Day 8 post-ovulation. Primiparous sows (n = 35) were allocated to one of two lactation diets containing either low crude protein (CP, 140 g/kg) with a low percentage (8%) of slow protein in total protein (LL, n = 18) or high CP (180 g/kg) with a high (16%) percentage of slow protein (HH, n = 17). The HH diet was expected to improve AA utilization by supplying more AA, in a more gradual fashion. The diets did not affect sow body condition loss during lactation, while the HH diet tended to increase litter weight gain during the week 3 of lactation (Δ = 1.3 kg, P = 0.09). On Day 14 post-farrowing, HH diet led to higher plasma urea both pre-feeding and post-feeding (Δ = 2.3 mmol/L, P < 0.01, Δ = 2.4 mmol/L, P < 0.01, respectively), whilst plasma creatinine, NEFA and IGF-1 were similar. No dietary effects on reproductive parameters were found, however several relationships were found between body condition and reproductive parameters. Sows with higher body weight on Day 1 or Day 21 post-farrowing had greater follicle size on Day 3 post-weaning (β = 0.03 mm/kg, P < 0.01, β = 0.04 mm/kg, P < 0.01, respectively). At Day 8 post-ovulation, plasma progesterone concentration was negatively related to loin muscle loss (β = -0.67 ng/ml · mm-1, P = 0.02), backfat loss (β = -2.33 ng/ml · mm-1, P = 0.02), and estimated body fat loss (β = -0.67 ng/ml · mm-1, P = 0.02). Both plasma progesterone and the number of corpora lutea were positively related to the energy balance during lactation (β = 0.03 ng/ml · ME MJ-1, P = 0.01, β = 0.01 CL/ME MJ, P = 0.02, respectively). The conceptus size at Day 8 post-ovulation was negatively related to body weight loss (β = -0.01 mm/kg, P = 0.01), estimated body fat loss (β = -0.02 mm/kg, P = 0.03) and estimated body protein loss (β = -0.06 mm/kg, P = 0.04), and was positively related to the energy balance during lactation (β = 5.2*10-4 mm/ME MJ, P = 0.01). In conclusion, body protein and fat losses during lactation reduced subsequent plasma progesterone concentration and conceptus development at Day 8 post-ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ye
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, the Netherlands; State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 00193, China
| | - Nicoline M Soede
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, the Netherlands
| | - Junjun Wang
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 00193, China
| | - Marleen Fleuren
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Stationsstraat, 773811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorge Laurenssen
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy Bouwman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Stationsstraat, 773811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Langendijk
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, the Netherlands; Trouw Nutrition R&D, Stationsstraat, 773811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Rae LS, Rand JS, Ward LC. Measuring body composition in dogs using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Vet J 2024; 304:106067. [PMID: 38266810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of body composition is an essential aspect of veterinary canine care, particularly as prevalence of overweight and obesity in dogs is increasing. Few quantitative objective methods for body composition measurement are available for routine clinical use. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is widely used in human medicine and nutritional assessment and although it has shown promise in production animals it has not yet been adopted for companion animals. The present study validated bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) against the reference method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Resistivity coefficients for use in BIS were determined: ρe = 444.8 and ρi = 1477.8 ohm.cm and used to predict fat-free mass (FFM) in a cohort of 35 mixed breed dogs. Overall, FFM was predicted to within 3.5% of reference values. At an individual level, FFM was predicted within 2 standard deviations (95% confidence) of 10%. BIS provides an objective quantitative alternative to the widely used semi-quantitative body condition scoring. In addition, BIS provides estimates of body water volumes (total, extra-and intracellular), information that can be useful in fluid management. BIS is inexpensive, and simple to perform but does require brief (<5 min) sedation of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Rae
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - J S Rand
- Australian Pet Welfare Foundation, Kenmore, Queensland 4069 Australia
| | - L C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia.
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Kophamel S, Ward LC, Konovalov DA, Mendez D, Ariel E, Cassidy N, Bell I, Balastegui Martínez MT, Munns SL. Field‐based adipose tissue quantification in sea turtles using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy validated with CT scans and deep learning. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9610. [PMCID: PMC9748411 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kophamel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Leigh C. Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Dmitry A. Konovalov
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Diana Mendez
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Nathan Cassidy
- North Queensland X‐Ray Services Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Environment and Science Queensland Government Townsville Queensland Australia
| | | | - Suzanne L. Munns
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
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Muller TL, Hewitt RJE, Plush KJ, Souza DND, Pluske JR, Miller DW, van Barneveld RJ. Does the relationship between sow body composition change in lactation and re-breeding success still exist? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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