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Smith S, Marr C, Dunnett C, Menzies-Gow N. The effect of mare obesity and endocrine function on foal birthweight in Thoroughbreds. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:461-466. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Smith
- Rossdales Equine Hospital; Exning, Newmarket Suffolk, UK
| | - C.M. Marr
- Rossdales Equine Hospital; Exning, Newmarket Suffolk, UK
| | - C. Dunnett
- Independent Equine Nutrition; Newmarket Suffolk, UK
| | - N.J. Menzies-Gow
- Royal Veterinary College; North Mymms, Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Peugnet P, Wimel L, Duchamp G, Sandersen C, Camous S, Guillaume D, Dahirel M, Dubois C, Jouneau L, Reigner F, Berthelot V, Chaffaux S, Tarrade A, Serteyn D, Chavatte-Palmer P. Enhanced or reduced fetal growth induced by embryo transfer into smaller or larger breeds alters post-natal growth and metabolism in pre-weaning horses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102044. [PMID: 25006665 PMCID: PMC4090198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In equids, placentation is diffuse and nutrient supply to the fetus is determined by uterine size. This correlates with maternal size and affects intra-uterine development and subsequent post-natal growth, as well as insulin sensitivity in the newborn. Long-term effects remain to be described. In this study, fetal growth was enhanced or restricted through ET using pony (P), saddlebred (S) and draft (D) horses. Control P-P (n = 21) and S-S (n = 28) pregnancies were obtained by AI. Enhanced and restricted pregnancies were obtained by transferring P or S embryos into D mares (P-D, n = 6 and S-D, n = 8) or S embryos into P mares (S-P, n = 6), respectively. Control and experimental foals were raised by their dams and recipient mothers, respectively. Weight gain, growth hormones and glucose homeostasis were investigated in the foals from birth to weaning. Fetal growth was enhanced in P-D and these foals remained consistently heavier, with reduced T3 concentrations until weaning compared to P-P. P-D had lower fasting glucose from days 30 to 200 and higher insulin secretion than P-P after IVGTT on day 3. Euglycemic clamps in the immediate post-weaning period revealed no difference in insulin sensitivity between P-D and P-P. Fetal growth was restricted in S-P and these foals remained consistently lighter until weaning compared to S-D, with elevated T3 concentrations in the newborn compared to S-S. S-P exhibited higher fasting glycemia than S-S and S-D from days 30 to 200. They had higher maximum increment in plasma glucose than S-D after IVGTT on day 3 and clamps on day 200 demonstrated higher insulin sensitivity compared to S-D. Neither the restricted nor the enhanced fetal environment affected IGF-1 concentrations. Thus, enhanced and restricted fetal and post-natal environments had combined effects that persisted until weaning. They induced different adaptive responses in post-natal glucose metabolism: an early insulin-resistance was induced in enhanced P-D, while S-P developed increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Peugnet
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | | | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Clinique équine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, CORD, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Sylvaine Camous
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Cédric Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | | | - Valérie Berthelot
- INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, Paris, France
- AgroParis Tech, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Chaffaux
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Anne Tarrade
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Clinique équine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, CORD, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- ENVA, Maisons Alfort, France
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Fradinho MJ, Correia MJ, Grácio V, Bliebernicht M, Farrim A, Mateus L, Martin-Rosset W, Bessa RJB, Caldeira RM, Ferreira-Dias G. Effects of body condition and leptin on the reproductive performance of Lusitano mares on extensive systems. Theriogenology 2014; 81:1214-22. [PMID: 24613603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body condition (BC), BC changes, and plasma leptin concentrations on the reproductive performance of Lusitano broodmares on extensive systems. Data from 119 mares (ranging from 4 to 22 years of age) were collected over a period of four consecutive breeding seasons. Each case was considered as one foaled mare bred in 1 year. Body condition changes at conception (ΔBCScon) showed a strong effect on fertility at the first two postpartum estrous cycles and a significant interaction with body condition score at conception (BCScon) was observed (P < 0.01). The best fertility results were obtained with positive and greater ΔBCScon. The best predictive value of fertility (91%) was achieved when the BCScon was 3.0 and ΔBCScon was 0.375. Global foaling rate for the 4-year period was 74.5%. Mean foaling interval and gestation length were, respectively, 368.0 ± 2.8 and 340.3 ± 1.0 days. Gestation length was influenced by the month of foaling (P < 0.05) and decreased as mares got older (P < 0.01). The number of estimated estrous cycles per live foal was 1.78 ± 0.12, including foal heat ovulation. Leptin was correlated with BCS (0.41; P < 0.001), but in the present study, plasma leptin concentrations on late gestation and early lactation did not influence fertility results. At 90 days of age, lower growth performances were obtained in foals which dams presented negative BCS changes on the first 3 months of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BC changes at early postpartum period influence the reproductive efficiency of broodmares and the growth of their suckling foals. These findings are important to help breeders on management options concerning feeding strategies in the Lusitano production systems and others under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fradinho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Correia
- Coudelaria de Alter, Tapada do Arneiro, Alter-do-Chão, Portugal
| | - V Grácio
- Coudelaria de Alter, Tapada do Arneiro, Alter-do-Chão, Portugal
| | | | - A Farrim
- Companhia das Lezírias, Porto Alto, Portugal
| | - L Mateus
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - W Martin-Rosset
- INRA, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - R J B Bessa
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R M Caldeira
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Kędzierski W, Kusy R, Kowalik S. Plasma leptin level in hyperlipidemic mares and their newborn foals. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:275-80. [PMID: 20565697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma leptin and lipid levels in breeding mares and their newborn foals. The study was conducted on 17 Polish cold-blood mares and their newborn foals. The mares were divided into two groups, according to the course of delivery. These groups were seven mares which had a normal delivery and 10 mares which had required veterinary intervention during their delivery. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of both the mares and their foals. The blood samples were taken within 30 min after delivery, as well as on four successive mornings directly afterwards. In obtained plasma samples, the leptin, triacylglycerols (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured. The leptin and TG levels in the plasma sampled on the day of delivery and the two following days were significantly higher in mares which received veterinary intervention during the delivery, when compared to the results obtained from the plasma of mares which had normal delivery. The results obtained from foals did not show any statistical differences. In conclusion, the conducted tests have shown that post-parturient hyperlipidemia and hyperleptinemia in mares did not influence the lipid status and plasma leptin level in newborn foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kędzierski
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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El-Maaty AMA, Gabr FI. Relation between leptin and estradiol levels in Egyptian lactating Arab mares during foaling heat. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 117:95-8. [PMID: 19577385 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen Arab lactating mares belonging to Al-Zahraa Arab Horse Stud underwent two ultrasound examinations at 3 weeks interval starting from the day of demonstration of foaling heat. In addition, daily blood samples were collected from parturition until after exhibiting first postpartum estrus (day 11) with daily observation of estrous signs. Both leptin and estradiol hormones were assayed. Mean day of foaling heat was 8.9+/-0.9 day. Most mares came in foaling heat during days 9 and 10 had high conception rate compared to those who came in estrus earlier or later. Estradiol levels were high after day of foaling then decrease after expression of foaling heat. But leptin levels increase from day 8 to day 10 compared to other days before and after the first ovulation. A significant positive correlation was found between estradiol and leptin (r=0.58, p<0.025). The positive correlation between leptin and estradiol led us to suggest that leptin hormone plays an important role in ovulation of the first postpartum estrus in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Abo El-Maaty
- Animal Reproduction and Al Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt.
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