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Suleman S, Fatima S, Ud Din N. Assessing Morphological Diversity of Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Salivary Glands at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Cureus 2024; 16:e63134. [PMID: 39055445 PMCID: PMC11271973 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rare clinical entity and a salivary gland malignancy. It is associated with wide histological variations in the cytomorphological patterns. METHODS Sixty cases diagnosed as AciCC from 2002 to 2023 were assessed for diverse cytomorphological patterns. RESULTS The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 44.35±16.8 years ranging from 15 to 81 years. Females comprised 58.3% for a F: M ratio of 1.4:1. Fifty three cases (88.3%) occurred in the parotid gland, two cases in the nasal region (3.3%), and one case each in the soft plate and upper lip (1.7%). The location of the remaining three cases was not specified. The most common presenting complaint was a well-defined facial swelling associated with pain. The average tumor size was 3.8±1.9 cm. The most predominant architectural pattern was solid (83.3%) followed by microcystic (60%), then follicular (41.7%), papillary cystic (14.3%), and tubulocystic (28.6%), and AciCC with de-differentiation/high-grade transformation was reported in three cases (5%). In 83.3% of the cases (50 out of 60), we noticed a mixture of two or more growth patterns. Other degenerative changes included prominent lymphoid stroma, hemorrhage, and cystic change. CONCLUSION Awareness and recognition of diverse cytomorphological patterns of AciCC, especially in institutions of a developing country where there is limited availability of highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemical stains or molecular diagnostics, are crucial and essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Suleman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saira Fatima
- Histopathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
- Histopathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
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Perri F, Fusco R, Sabbatino F, Fasano M, Ottaiano A, Cascella M, Marciano ML, Pontone M, Salzano G, Maiello ME, Montano M, Calogero E, D’Aniello R, Maiolino P, Ciardiello F, Zotta A, Alfieri S, Ionna F. Translational Insights in the Landscape of Salivary Gland Cancers: Ready for a New Era? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:970. [PMID: 38473330 PMCID: PMC10931369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare neoplasms, representing less than 10% of all head and neck tumors, but they are extremely heterogeneous from the histological point of view, their clinical behavior, and their genetics. The guidelines regarding their treatment include surgery in most cases, which can also play an important role in oligometastatic disease. Where surgery cannot be used, systemic therapy comes into play. Systemic therapy for many years has been represented by polychemotherapy, but recently, with the affirmation of translational research, it can also count on targeted therapy, at least in some subtypes of SGCs. Interestingly, in some SGC histotypes, predominant mutations have been identified, which in some cases behave as "driver mutations", namely mutations capable of governing the carcinogenesis process. Targeting these driver mutations may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless, it is not always possible to have drugs suitable for targeting driver mutations-and targeting driver mutations is not always accompanied by a clinical benefit. In this review, we will analyze the main mutations predominant in the various histotypes of SGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Medical Oncology Devision, IGEA S.p.A., 80013 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Medical Oncology Department, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Morena Fasano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80128 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (F.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Marciano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Monica Pontone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Elena Maiello
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Massimo Montano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Ester Calogero
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Roberta D’Aniello
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80128 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (F.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alessia Zotta
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80128 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (F.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Franco Ionna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.O.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (R.D.); (P.M.); (F.I.)
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