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Lee JH, Shim JW, Lim MH, Baek C, Jeon B, Cho M, Park S, Choi DH, Kim BS, Yoon D, Kim YG, Cho SY, Lee KM, Yeo MS, Zo H, Shin SD, Kim S. Towards optimal design of patient isolation units in emergency rooms to prevent airborne virus transmission: From computational fluid dynamics to data-driven modeling. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108309. [PMID: 38520923 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient isolation units (PIUs) can be an effective method for effective infection control. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is commonly used for PIU design; however, optimizing this design requires extensive computational resources. Our study aims to provide data-driven models to determine the PIU settings, thereby promoting a more rapid design process. METHOD Using CFD simulations, we evaluated various PIU parameters and room conditions to assess the impact of PIU installation on ventilation and isolation. We investigated particle dispersion from coughing subjects and airflow patterns. Machine-learning models were trained using CFD simulation data to estimate the performance and identify significant parameters. RESULTS Physical isolation alone was insufficient to prevent the dispersion of smaller particles. However, a properly installed fan filter unit (FFU) generally enhanced the effectiveness of physical isolation. Ventilation and isolation performance under various conditions were predicted with a mean absolute percentage error of within 13%. The position of the FFU was found to be the most important factor affecting the PIU performance. CONCLUSION Data-driven modeling based on CFD simulations can expedite the PIU design process by offering predictive capabilities and clarifying important performance factors. Reducing the time required to design a PIU is critical when a rapid response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Lim
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Baek
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjun Jeon
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Souk Yeo
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangman Zo
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Simulation provides a range of educational tools that have increasingly been incorporated into emergency medicine (EM) curricula. Standardized patients and some partial task trainers, such as intubation heads, have been used for decades. More recently, a growing number of computer-screen simulations, high-fidelity mannequins, and virtual-reality simulators have expanded the number of procedures and conditions, which can be effectively simulated.The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education transitioned to a competency-based assessment of residency programs in 2001 and included simulation as a method for incorporating the 6 core competencies into graduate medical education curricula. Over the past decade, numerous peer-reviewed publications have promoted simulation as an effective educational tool for each of the core competencies.The advanced technology used to operate many current simulators can erroneously become the focus of efforts to create a simulation-based curriculum. Simulation can most effectively be incorporated into EM curricula through the use of time-proven concepts, which start with defining the targeted learners, assessing their general and specific educational needs, defining learning objectives, and selecting the best educational strategy for achieving each objective. In many, but not all, instances, simulation can be the best tool for achieving EM learning objectives.
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