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Abstract
Entrectinib (Rozlytrek®) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant, small-molecule, selective inhibitor of the tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinases TRKA/B/C [encoded by the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes NTRK1/2/3, respectively], the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS1 (ROS1) and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). It is approved for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients aged ≥ 12 years with NTRK fusion-positive (NTRK+) solid tumours and adults with ROS1 fusion-positive (ROS1+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In trials in adults, entrectinib induced clinically meaningful and durable systemic responses in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naïve patients with locally-advanced or metastatic NTRK+ solid tumours or ROS1+ NSCLC, irrespective of the presence or absence of CNS metastases at baseline. Moreover, entrectinib demonstrated substantial intracranial efficacy in patients with baseline CNS metastases. Entrectinb efficacy in paediatric patients was established on the basis of extrapolation of clinical trial data from adults with NTRK+ solid tumours and children and adolescents aged < 21 years with recurrent or refractory NTRK+ CNS/solid tumours. Entrectinib was generally well tolerated, with a manageable safety profile. Thus, entrectinib expands the range of treatment options for advanced NTRK+ solid tumours and ROS1+ NSCLC, and may be of particular value in patients with existing CNS metastases and those who are at risk of developing CNS metastases. Video abstract (MP4 65,571 KB)
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Kummar S, Berlin J, Mascarenhas L, van Tilburg CM, Geoerger B, Lassen UN, Schilder RJ, Turpin B, Nanda S, Keating K, Childs BH, Chirila C, Laetsch TW, Hyman DM, Drilon A, Hong DS. Quality of Life in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Fusion Cancer Receiving Larotrectinib. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 45:100734. [PMID: 33865615 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions lead to chimeric tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion proteins, which act as primary oncogenic drivers in diverse tumor types in adults and children. Larotrectinib, a highly selective and central nervous system-active TRK inhibitor, has shown high objective response rates, durable disease control, and a favorable safety profile in patients with TRK fusion cancer. The impact of larotrectinib on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated in adult and pediatric patients in two phase I/II clinical trials (NAVIGATE; NCT02576431 and SCOUT; NCT02637687). Patients completed HRQoL questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, EQ-5D-5L, and PedsQL) at baseline and at planned treatment cycle visits. Changes in questionnaire scores were evaluated over time, and by tumor type and treatment response. Questionnaires from 40 adult and 17 pediatric (2-19 years of age) patients receiving larotrectinib were completed at baseline and at least one post-baseline timepoint. Meaningful within-patient HRQoL improvements occurred at one or more timepoints in 60% of adults and 76% of pediatric patients. Sustained improvements in EORTC QLQ-C30 and PedsQL scores were rapid, occurring within 2 months of treatment initiation in 68% and 71% of patients, respectively. Improvements were observed regardless of tumor type and appeared to correlate with clinical efficacy. The rapid within-patient HRQoL improvements in adult and pediatric patients with TRK fusion cancer are consistent with the clinical profile of larotrectinib. Our results provide valuable information for use of this agent in this patient population. A plain language summary of this article is available in the supplementary appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Kummar
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
| | | | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cornelis M van Tilburg
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ulrik N Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russell J Schilder
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian Turpin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Shivani Nanda
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, NJ
| | - Karen Keating
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, NJ
| | | | | | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - David S Hong
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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