Efficacité des injections intradétrusoriennes répétées de toxine A dans l'hyperactivité vésicale d'origine neurologique

Five-year cost analysis of intra-detrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A and augmentation cystoplasty for refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity

PURPOSE

Treatment options for antimuscarinic refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) are botulinum toxin type A injections (BTX-A) and augmentation cystoplasty (AC). We estimated initial and cumulative 5-year costs of these treatments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Base case is an individual with antimuscarinic refractory NDO and decreased bladder compliance. Primary analysis is from the health care payor perspective. Model probabilities and ranges were derived from literature and chart review. Reimbursements were derived from the average of insurance carriers. Complication cost calculations were based on standard practice. Decision-analysis model was made with TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2009 Software, Inc. and rolled back for cost calculation. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed on all variables, and two-way sensitivity analyses were based on these results.

RESULTS

Average reimbursement for one BTX-A injection and AC was $2,946.83 and $25,041.53, respectively. BTX-A treatment was less expensive over 5 years, costing $28,065. The model was only sensitive within a reasonable clinical range for Botox durability. BTX-A was more cost-effective over 5 years if the effect lasted for >5.1 months. The model was based on an AC complication rate of 40%. If the PAC complication rate<14%, AC was cheaper over 5 years. The model was sensitive to surgeons costs of BTX-A ($3,027) and facility costs of BTX-A ($1,004) and AC ($17,100).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first cost analysis of BTX-A and AC. BTX-A is cheaper at durations>5.1 months and AC was cheaper when the cost of BTX-A increases or the AC complication rate dropped below 14%.

Botulinum toxin type A for neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord lesions in children: a retrospective study of seven cases

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness and safety of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) used to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity in children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the records of seven children treated at least once (7/7: one injection; 4/7: two and three injections; 2/7: four injections; 1/7: five injections) with intradetrusor BTA injections in 2005-2008, for neurogenic detrusor overactivity with incontinence despite timed bladder catheterizations and anticholinergic agents. Clinical, urodynamic, and imaging study data at baseline were collected. Clinical efficacy criteria were the urinary tract infection (UTI) rate, continence, and need for anticholinergic agents. The following urodynamic data were assessed: maximum catheterized volume without leakage, reflex volume, maximum detrusor pressure, and bladder compliance.

RESULTS

Seven children received 18 injections. Social continence was achieved from the first injection. No further recurrent lower UTIs occurred. Maximum catheterized volume and reflex volume increased, and maximum detrusor pressure decreased. Detrusor compliance became interpretable and increased. Grade II right vesicoureteral reflux, present at baseline in one patient, resolved after BTA therapy. UTIs were the only adverse effects.

CONCLUSION

Injection with BTA proved effective and safe in the short term. This may be an alternative to surgery in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.