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June Byun S, Yuk SS, Jang YJ, Choi H, Jeon MH, Erdene-Ochir TO, Kwon JH, Noh JY, Sun Kim J, Gyu Yoo J, Song CS. Transgenic Chickens Expressing the 3D8 Single Chain Variable Fragment Protein Suppress Avian Influenza Transmission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5938. [PMID: 28724948 PMCID: PMC5517518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) is a mini-antibody that causes unusual sequence-independent nuclease activity against all types of nucleic acids. We used recombinant lentiviruses to generate transgenic chickens expressing the 3D8 scFv gene under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter. From 420 injected embryos, 200 chicks (G0) hatched and were screened for the 3D8 scFv using PCR, and 15 chicks were identified as transgenic birds expressing the transgene in their semen. The G0 founder birds were mated with wild-type hens to produce seven transgenic chicks (G1). 3D8 scFv expression in the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) was verified by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining for 3D8 scFv in the CEFs revealed that the 3D8 scFv protein was primarily cytosolic. To identify 3D8 scFv anti-viral activity, wild-type and two transgenic CEF lines were infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). We selected one line of transgenic chickens that exhibited the lowest number of plaque-forming units to be challenged with H9N2 virus. The challenge experiment revealed that contact exposed transgenic chickens expressing 3D8 scFv exhibited suppressed viral shedding. This results suggest that the transgenic chickens developed in this study could be useful for controlling potential within-flock AIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Department of Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Jang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Jeon
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - T O Erdene-Ochir
- Department of Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Noh
- Department of Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeom Sun Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Department of Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee J, Park H, Kim M, Seo Y, Lee Y, Byun SJ, Lee S, Kwon MH. Functional stability of 3D8 scFv, a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing single chain antibody, under different biochemical and physical conditions. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:561-70. [PMID: 26536531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3D8 single-chain Fv (scFv) is a catalytic nucleic acid antibody with anti-viral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. Here we investigated the functional stability of 3D8 scFv to provide a basis for engineering a 3D8 scFv derivative and for developing stable formulations with improved stability and potential use as an anti-viral agent. The stability of 3D8 scFv was assessed by measuring its DNA-hydrolyzing activity under different biochemical and physical conditions using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method. In addition, the anti-influenza (H9N2) effect of 3D8 scFv was evaluated in A549 cells. 3D8 scFv was stable at 50°C for 6h at pH 7.2, for 3 days at pH 4-10 at 37°C and 30 days at pH 4-8 at 37°C. The stability was not affected by a reducing condition, freeze-thawing for up to 30 cycles, or lyophilization. Evaluation of the anti-virus effect showed that cells treated with 32-128 units of 3D8 scFv showed a 50% decrease in influenza replication compared to untreated cells. Based on its enzymatic stability in various biochemical and physical environments, 3D8 scFv holds good potential for development as an anti-viral therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsil Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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Roh J, Byun SJ, Seo Y, KIm M, Lee JH, Kim S, Lee Y, Lee KW, Kim JK, Kwon MH. Generation of a chickenized catalytic anti-nucleic acid antibody by complementarity-determining region grafting. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:513-20. [PMID: 25458312 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to a number of studies on the humanization of non-human antibodies, the reshaping of a non-human antibody into a chicken antibody has never been attempted. Therefore, nothing is known about the animal species-dependent compatibility of the framework regions (FRs) that sustain the appropriate conformation of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). In this study, we attempted the reshaping of the variable domains of the mouse catalytic anti-nucleic acid antibody 3D8 (m3D8) into the FRs of a chicken antibody (“chickenization”) by CDR grafting, which is a common method for the humanization of antibodies. CDRs of the acceptor chicken antibody that showed a high homology to the FRs of m3D8 were replaced with those of m3D8, resulting in the chickenized antibody (ck3D8). ck3D8 retained the biochemical properties (DNA binding, DNA hydrolysis, and cellular internalizing activities) and three-dimensional structure of m3D8 and showed reduced immunogenicity in chickens. Our study demonstrates that CDR grafting can be applied to the chickenization of a mouse antibody, probably due to the interspecies compatibility of the FRs.
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Shin TH, Sung ES, Kim YJ, Kim KS, Kim SH, Kim SK, Lee YD, Kim YS. Enhancement of the tumor penetration of monoclonal antibody by fusion of a neuropilin-targeting peptide improves the antitumor efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:651-61. [PMID: 24435448 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The limited localization and penetration of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) into solid tumors restricts their antitumor efficacy. Here, we describe a solid tumor-targeting antibody with enhanced tumor penetration activity. We designed a 22-residue peptide (A22p), which was extracted from the C-terminal basic region of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) but modified to have higher affinity with neuropilin receptors (NRP), and genetically fused it to the C-terminus of Fc of human immunoglobulin G1 via a 15-residue (G4S)3 linker, generating Fc-A22p, for the bivalent binding to NRPs. In contrast to Fc or the monovalent A22p peptide alone, Fc-A22p homed to tumor vessels and induced vascular permeability through VE-cadherin downregulation and penetrated tumor tissues by interacting with NRPs in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. We extended the Fc-A22p platform by generating mAb-A22p antibodies of two clinically approved solid tumor-targeting mAbs, the anti-EGF receptor mAb cetuximab (erbitux), and the anti-Her2 mAb trastuzumab (herceptin). The mAb-A22p antibodies retained the intrinsic antigen binding, natural Fc-like biophysical properties, and productivity in mammalian cell cultures, comparable with those of the parent mAbs. In mouse xenograft tumor models, the mAb-A22p antibodies more efficiently homed to tumor vessels and spread into the extravascular tumor parenchyma, which significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy compared with the parent mAbs. Our results suggest that mAb-A22p is a superior format for solid tumor-targeting antibodies due to its enhanced tumor tissue penetration and greater antitumor efficacy compared with conventional mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Shin
- Corresponding Author: Yong-Sung Kim, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.
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Kim A, Shin TH, Shin SM, Pham CD, Choi DK, Kwon MH, Kim YS. Cellular internalization mechanism and intracellular trafficking of filamentous M13 phages displaying a cell-penetrating transbody and TAT peptide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51813. [PMID: 23251631 PMCID: PMC3522607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular internalization of bacteriophage by surface-displayed cell penetrating peptides has been reported, though the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we describe in detail the internalization mechanism and intracellular trafficking and stability of filamentous M13 phages, the cellular entry of which is mediated by surface-displayed cell-penetrating light chain variable domain 3D8 VL transbody (3D8 VL-M13) or TAT peptide (TAT-M13). Recombinant 3D8 VL-M13 and TAT-M13 phages were efficiently internalized into living mammalian cells via physiologically relevant, energy-dependent endocytosis and were recovered from the cells in their infective form with the yield of 3D8 VL-M13 being higher (0.005∼0.01%) than that of TAT-M13 (0.001∼0.005%). Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that 3D8 VL-M13 was internalized principally by caveolae-mediated endocytosis via interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans as cell surface receptors, whereas TAT-M13 was internalized by clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis utilizing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as cell surface receptors, suggesting that phage internalization occurs by physiological endocytotic mechanism through specific cell surface receptors rather than non-specific transcytotic pathways. Internalized 3D8 VL-M13 phages routed to the cytosol and remained stable for more than 18 h without further trafficking to other subcellular compartments, whereas TAT-M13 phages routed to several subcellular compartments before being degraded in lysosomes even after 2 h of internalization. Our results suggest that the internalizing mechanism and intracellular trafficking of filamentous M13 bacteriophages largely follow the attributes of the displayed cell-penetrating moiety. Efficient internalization and cytosolic localization of 3D8 VL transbody-displayed phages will provide a useful tool for intracellular delivery of polar macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, and siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chuong D. Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ki Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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