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Victorio CBL, Ong J, Tham JY, Reolo MJ, Novera W, Msallam R, Watanabe S, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Vasudevan SG, Chacko AM. Preclinical evaluation of [ 18F]FDG-PET as a biomarker of lymphoid tissue disease and inflammation in Zika virus infection. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4516-4528. [PMID: 35876869 PMCID: PMC9309455 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Zika (ZIKV) is a viral inflammatory disease affecting adults, children, and developing fetuses. It is endemic to tropical and sub-tropical countries, resulting in half the global population at risk of infection. Despite this, there are no approved therapies or vaccines against ZIKV disease. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are potentially valuable tools for studying viral pathogenesis, prognosticating host response to disease, and evaluating in vivo efficacy of experimental therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging biomarker of ZIKV disease in a mouse model and correlated metabolic tracer tissue uptake with real-time biochemical, virological, and inflammatory features of tissue infection. Methods [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in an acute, lethal ZIKV mouse infection model, at increasing stages of disease severity. [18F]FDG-PET findings were corroborated with ex vivo wholemount-tissue autoradiography and tracer biodistribution studies. Tracer uptake was also correlated with in situ tissue disease status, including viral burden and inflammatory response. Immune profiling of the spleen by flow cytometry was performed to identify the immune cell subsets driving tissue pathology and enhancing tracer uptake in ZIKV disease. Results Foci of increased [18F]FDG uptake were consistently detected in lymphoid tissues—particularly the spleen—of ZIKV-infected animals. Splenic uptake increased with disease severity, and corroborated findings in tissue pathology. Increased splenic uptake also correlated with increased viral replication and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within these tissues. ZIKV-infected spleens were characterized by increased infiltration of myeloid cells, as well as increased proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The increased cell proliferation correlated with increased tracer uptake in the spleen. Our findings support the use of [18F]FDG as an imaging biomarker to detect and track ZIKV disease in real time and highlight the dependency of affected tissue on the nature of the viral infection. Conclusion [18F]FDG uptake in the spleen is a useful surrogate for interrogating in situ tissue viral burden and inflammation status in this ZIKV murine model.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jing Yang Tham
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Marie Jennifer Reolo
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Rasha Msallam
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Cheng CX, Alvin Tan MJ, Chan KWK, Watanabe S, Wang S, Choy MM, Manuel M, Victorio CBL, Ong J, Reolo M, Chacko AM, Vasudevan SG. In Vitro and In Vivo Stability of P884T, a Mutation that Relocalizes Dengue Virus 2 Non-structural Protein 5. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3277-3291. [PMID: 34735113 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is critical for viral RNA synthesis within endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replication complexes in the cytoplasm; however a proportion of NS5 is known to be localized to the nucleus of infected cells. The importance of nuclear DENV NS5 on viral replication and pathogenesis is still unclear. We recently discovered a nuclear localization signal (NLS) residing in the C-terminal 18 amino acid (Cter18) region of DENV NS5 and that a single NS5 P884T amino acid substitution adjacent to the NLS is sufficient to relocalize a significant proportion of DENV2 NS5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of infected cells. Here, in vitro studies show that the DENV2 NS5 P884T mutant replicates similarly to the parental wild-type infectious clone-derived virus while inducing a greater type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine response, in a manner independent of NS5's ability to degrade STAT2 or regulate SAT1 splicing. In both AG129 mouse and Aedes aegypti mosquito infection models, the P884T virus exhibits lower levels of viral replication only at early timepoints. Intriguingly, there appears to be a tendency for selection pressure to revert to the wild-type proline in P884T-infected Ae. aegypti, in agreement with the high conservation of the proline at this position of NS5 in DENV2, 3, and 4. These results suggest that the predominant nuclear localization of DENV NS5, while not required for viral RNA replication, may play a role in pathogenesis and modulation of the host immune response and contribute to viral fitness in the mosquito host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin X. Cheng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Min Jie Alvin Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kitti W. K. Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sai Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Milly M. Choy
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Menchie Manuel
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Carla B. L. Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Marie Reolo
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Australia
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