Effects of MMP-1 1G/2G polymorphism on osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis study

Decisive gene strategy on osteoarthritis: a comprehensive whole-literature based approach for conclusive gene targets

BACKGROUND

Previous meta-analyses only examined the association between single or several gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis (OA), whereas no studies have concluded that there are existing all gene loci that associate with OA.

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether a definite conclusion of the association between the gene loci and OA can be drawn.

METHODS

Decisive gene strategy (DGS), a literature-based approach, was used to search PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all meta-analyses that associated gene polymorphisms and OA. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) examined the sufficiency of the cumulative sample size. Finally, we assessed the importance of gene loci in OA based on whether there were enough sample sizes and the heterogeneity of the literatures with I2 value.

RESULTS

After excluding 179 irrelevant publications, 80 meta-analysis papers were recruited. Among Caucasians, SMAD3 rs12901499 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29) was a risk factor with validation of sufficient sample sizes through TSA model. Among Asians, there were 3 gene loci risk factors with validation of sufficient sample sizes through TSA model: ESR1 rs2228480, SMAD3 rs12901499, and MMP-1 rs1799750 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69; OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07-1.69; OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18-1.74, respectively). Besides, 3 gene loci, DVWA rs7639618, GDF5 rs143383, and VDR rs7975232 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90; OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67-0.81; OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90, respectively) were identified as protective factors through TSA model.

CONCLUSIONS

We used DGS to identify conclusive gene loci associated with OA. These findings provide implications of precision medicine in OA and may potentially advance genetic therapy.

Exploring the Early Molecular Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis Using Differential Network Analysis of Human Synovial Fluid

The molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and development of osteoarthritis (OA) remain largely unknown. In this exploratory study, we used a proteomic platform (SOMAscan assay) to measure the relative abundance of more than 6000 proteins in synovial fluid (SF) from knees of human donors with healthy or mildly degenerated tissues, and knees with late-stage OA from patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. Using a linear mixed effects model, we estimated the differential abundance of 6251 proteins between the three groups. We found 583 proteins upregulated in the late-stage OA, including MMP1, collagenase 3 and interleukin-6. Further, we selected 760 proteins (800 aptamers) based on absolute fold changes between the healthy and mild degeneration groups. To those, we applied Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) to analyze the conditional dependence of proteins and to identify key proteins and subnetworks involved in early OA pathogenesis. After regularization and stability selection, we identified 102 proteins involved in GGM networks. Notably, network complexity was lost in the protein graph for mild degeneration when compared to controls, suggesting a disruption in the regular protein interplay. Furthermore, among our main findings were several downregulated (in mild degeneration versus healthy) proteins with unique interactions in the healthy group, one of which, SLCO5A1, has not previously been associated with OA. Our results suggest that this protein is important for healthy joint function. Further, our data suggests that SF proteomics, combined with GGMs, can reveal novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis and identification of biomarker candidates for early-stage OA.

The association between genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

To investigate the linkage of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene polymorphisms with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODS

This meta-analysis study systematically retrieved relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and SinoMed up to November 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between MMP gene polymorphisms and OA.

RESULTS

A total of nine case-control studies comprising 1719 knee OA patients and 1904 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that MMP-1-1607 (rs1799750) 1G/2G polymorphism was not significantly associated with knee OA risk in four genetic models (OR (95% CI): allele model: 0.89 (0.57, 1.40), p = .615); dominant mode: 0.82 (0.47, 1.44), p = .486; recessive model: 0.88 (0.49, 1.57), p = .659; homozygote model: 0.79 (0.34, 1.82), p = .576. The association was significant for dominant model of MMP-3 C/T: 1.54 (1.10-2.15), p = .013, especially in Asian ethnicity (1.63 (1.11, 2.39), p = .013). Variants of MMP-13 C/T polymorphism were associated with increased risk of knee OA development based on dominant model: 1.56 (1.19, 2.06), p = .001 and homozygote model: 2.12 (1.44, 3.13), p < .001, and there were significant associations between MMP-13 C/T polymorphism and knee OA risk in Asian ethnicity under different genetic models (all p > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Present evidence suggested that the gene polymorphisms of MMP-1-1607 1G/2G may not be associated with the risk of OA. But, the dominant model of MMP-3 and MMP-13 polymorphisms in Asian ethnicity was significantly correlated with knee OA.

Strategy to Estimate Sample Sizes to Justify the Association between MMP1 SNP and Osteoarthritis

Background: the impact of knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses a formidable challenge to older adults. Studies have reported that genetic factors, such as MMP1, are one of important risk factors for knee OA. Although the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of MMP1 rs1799750 and the risk of knee OA has been explored, conclusions have been nonunanimous and pending due to research sample sizes, one of determinants in studying genetic polymorphisms associated with disease. Objective: to establish a model to assess whether the genetic polymorphism of MMP1 rs1799750 is associated with knee OA based on an estimation of sample sizes. Methods: samples were collected from a case−control and meta-analysis study. In the case−control study, patients who underwent knee X-ray examinations based on the Kellgren−Lawrence Grading System (KL) as diagnostic criteria were recruited at the Health Examination Center of the Tri-Service General Hospital from 2015 to 2019. Gene sequencing was conducted using iPLEX Gold. Those with unsuccessful gene sequencing were excluded. Finally, there were 569 patients in the knee OA group (KL ≥ 2) and 534 participants in the control group (KL < 2). In the meta-analysis, we used the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane to search for studies on the relationship between MMP1 rs1799750 and knee OA. Next, we adopted the trial sequential analysis (TSA) method to assess whether sample sizes were sufficient or not to determine the risk of the genetic polymorphism of MMP1 rs1799750 on knee OA in Caucasians and Asians. Results: in Caucasians, the MMP1 rs1799750 was not significantly associated with knee OA with an odds ratios (OR) of 1.10 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.45−2.68). Some extra 8559 samples were needed to conclude this relationship in Caucasians by the TSA model. In Asians, neither our case−control study results (n = 1103) nor a combination of samples from the case−control and meta-analysis results showed an association between MMP1 rs1799750 and knee OA. The OR (95% CI) was 1.10 (0.81−1.49) in a combination of Asian samples. Some extra 5517 samples were needed to justify this relationship in Asians by the TSA model. Conclusions: this research shows that an extra 8559 and 5517 samples are needed in Caucasians and Asians, respectively, in order to justify the association between MMP1 rs1799750 and knee OA.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein level and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

Recent publications have investigated the potential role of the protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, no unanimous conclusion was obtained. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to explore the association between MMP-1 expression and these two clinical disorders. After database searching and screening, we enrolled a total of eighteen articles for the pooled analysis. We observed a significant association between RA cases and controls in the whole population [SMD (standard mean difference)=1.01, P=0.017]. There were similar positive results in the subgroup analysis of “population-based control” (SMD=1.50, P=0.032) and “synovial fluid” (SMD=1.32, P=0.049). In addition, we observed an increased risk in OA cases, compared with controls, in the overall analysis (SMD=0.47, P=0.004) and subsequent subgroup analysis of “knee OA” (SMD=0.86, P<0.001), “Asian/China” (SMD=0.76, P=0.003), “cartilage-Asian/China” (SMD=1.21, P<0.001), and “synovial fluid-Asian/China” (SMD=0.73, P=0.004). In summary, a high protein level of MMP-1 in synovial fluid may be associated with the susceptibility to RA, and the high MMP-1 level in the cartilage tissue or synovial fluid may be related to the pathogenesis of knee OA in the Chinese population. This should be confirmed by larger sample sizes.

Association between the MMP-1-1607 1G/2G Polymorphism and Osteoarthritis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and secondary hyperosteogenesis. Genetic factors are associated with the occurrence of OA. While several studies have shown that the matrix metalloproteinase-1- (MMP-1-) 1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) polymorphism may be related to the occurrence and development of OA, there is inconsistency in the literature. To better estimate the relationship between the MMP-1 gene polymorphism and OA, a comprehensive meta-analysis of relevant literature was carried out.

Results

In total, seven studies comprising 1245 OA patients and 1230 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results revealed no significant association between the MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism and risk of OA in the five genetic models. However, after Bonferroni correction, the results of subgroup analysis revealed a significant correlation between the MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism and OA susceptibility in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) OA subgroup (allelic: 2G vs. 1G: OR = 1.575, 95%CI = 1.259–1.972, P < 0.01; recessive: 2G2G vs. 1G1G+1G2G: OR = 2.411, 95%CI = 1.658–3.504, P < 0.01; and homozygote: 2G2G vs. 1G1G: OR = 2.313, 95%CI = 1.341, 3.991, P = 0.003), the younger subgroup (aged less than 60 years; allelic: 2G vs. 1G: OR = 1.635, 95%CI = 1.354, 1.974, P < 0.01; dominant: 2G1G+2G2G vs. 1G1G: OR = 1.622, 95%CI = 1.158, 2.271, P = 0.005; recessive: 2G2G vs. 1G1G+1G2G: OR = 2.209, 95%CI = 1.718, 2.840, P < 0.01; and homozygote: 2G2G vs. 1G1G: OR = 2.578, 95%CI = 1.798, 3.696, P < 0.01), the larger subgroup (N > 300), and the hospital-based case-control study (HCC) subgroup. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the meta-analysis were stable and reliable. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test indicated that there was no publication bias in this study.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis indicated that although the MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism was not significantly associated with OA susceptibility among the whole sample, it played a key role in the etiology and development of TMJ OA and OA in people aged less than 60 years.

Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Brazilian Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Prostate Cancer

Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in metastatic tumor processes, with changes in circulating levels detected in several cancer types. Here, we compare serum concentrations of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) across individuals clinically diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), correcting results for the rs495366 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that predisposes to differential MMP-1 levels. 196 men aged ≥50 years were followed at a university hospital urology outpatient clinic, with clinical, anthropometric, and rectal examinations performed by one urologist. Blood samples obtained prior to any clinical intervention provided baseline MMP-1 and total/free PSA levels as well as metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory markers. The SNP was genotyped by real-time PCR. Participants with medical and/or laboratory profile compatible with malignancy composed the PCa group when confirmed by the Gleason scale. As expected, A-allele homozygotes showed reduced levels of MMP-1. Genotype-adjusted analyses revealed the mean MMP-1 level as 2-fold higher in PCa carriers compared to BPH patients. No other differences were found according to the prostatic condition or genotypic distribution, except for the expected raise in total and free PSA levels in PCa. In conclusion, increased serum levels of MMP-1 were observed in this context of prostatic malignancy compared to a benign phenotype, regardless of a genetic influence.

Association of the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify data reported in the literature concerning the association of APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) polymorphisms with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on antirretroviral therapy. The research was conducted in six databases and the studies were selected in two steps. First, a search was undertaken in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, World Wide Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scielo, Lilacs and Medcarib. The titles and abstracts of 24,859 articles were read to select those that match the elegibilty criteria. Five papers that addressed the association of HAART, lipodystrophy and polymorphisms were selected for the review. There was no association between the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 and PPARG and lipodystrophy. Another study described an association between the variant allele (G) of HFE and protection concerning the development of lipoatrophy (0.02) when compared with the reference allele (C). On the other hand, the variant allele (T) of the ESR2 gene was associated with the development of lipoatrophy (p = 0.007) when compared with the reference allele (C). In addition, the genotype and the variant allele of the gene MMP1 (2G) were associated with lipodystrophy in PLWHIV on HAART (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Therefore, further studies with other populations, involving PLWHIV on HAART are necessary to better understand the role of genetic markers, which may be involved in a predisposition to lipodystrophy.