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Yang X, Zhou P, Sun Y, Chen B, Wu H, Wang Y. Kinematic Compatible Design and Analysis of a Back Exoskeleton via a Hyper Redundant Hybrid Mechanism. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3199035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bai Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Garosi E, Mazloumi A, Jafari AH, Keihani A, Shamsipour M, Kordi R, Kazemi Z. Design and ergonomic assessment of a passive head/neck supporting exoskeleton for overhead work use. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 101:103699. [PMID: 35114511 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overhead work is an important risk factor associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and shoulder region. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a passive head/neck supporting exoskeleton (HNSE) as a potential ergonomic intervention for overhead work applications. Fourteen male participants were asked to perform a simulated overhead task of fastening/unfastening nut in 4 randomized sessions, characterized by two variables: neck extension angle (40% and 80% of neck maximum range of motion) and exoskeleton condition (wearing and not wearing the HNSE). Using the HNSE, significantly alleviated perceived discomfort in the neck (p-value = 0.009), right shoulder (p-value = 0.05) and left shoulder (p-value = 0.02) and reduced electromyographic activity of the right (p-value = 0.005) and left (p-value = 0.01) sternocleidomastoid muscles. However, utilizing the exoskeleton caused a remarkable increase in right (p-value = 0.04) and left (p-value = 0.05) trapezius electromyographic activities. Performance was not significantly affected by the HNSE. Although the HNSE had promising effects with respect to discomfort and muscular activity in the static overhead task, future work is still needed to investigate its effect on performance and to provide support for the generalizability of study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Garosi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Adel Mazloumi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Homayoun Jafari
- Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Keihani
- Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kazemi
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Tu Y, Zhu A, Song J, Zhang X, Cao G. Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton for Assisting Workers With Motorized Tuning of Squat Heights. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:184-193. [PMID: 35030082 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3143361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the E-LEG, a novel semi-passive lower-limb exoskeleton for worker squatting assistance, with motorized tuning of the assistive squatting height. Compared with other passive industrial exoskeletons for the lower-limbs, the E-LEG presents novel design features namely inertial sensor for measuring the tilt angle of thigh and the novel electromagnetic switch for adjusting squat height. These features could enhance the effectiveness of the system. In addition to the introduction to exoskeleton design, this paper also reports the systematic experimental evaluation of human subjects. With the assistance of different conditions, the variability of muscular activity was evaluated in long-term static squatting task. The set of metrics to evaluate the effect of the device included leg muscle activity, plantar pressure fluctuation, plantar pressure center fluctuation and gait angles. Results show that the exoskeleton can reduce the muscular activity of the user during squatting, and it will have little affect the normal gait of the user during walking. In this study, we found that the E-LEG exoskeleton has potential effectiveness in reducing the muscular strain on long-term continuous squatting activities.
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De Bock S, Ghillebert J, Govaerts R, Tassignon B, Rodriguez-Guerrero C, Crea S, Veneman J, Geeroms J, Meeusen R, De Pauw K. Benchmarking occupational exoskeletons: An evidence mapping systematic review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 98:103582. [PMID: 34600307 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of protocols assessing the effect of occupational exoskeletons on users and to formulate recommendations towards a literature-based assessment framework to benchmark the effect of occupational exoskeletons on the user. METHODS PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science database and Scopus were searched (March 2, 2021). Studies were included if they investigated the effect of one or more occupational exoskeletons on the user. RESULTS In total, 139 eligible studies were identified, encompassing 33, 25 and 18 unique back, shoulder and other exoskeletons, respectively. Device validation was most frequently conducted using controlled tasks while collecting muscle activity and biomechanical data. As the exoskeleton concept matures, tasks became more applied and the experimental design more representative. With that change towards realistic testing environments came a trade-off with experimental control, and user experience data became more valuable. DISCUSSION This evidence mapping systematic review reveals that the assessment of occupational exoskeletons is a dynamic process, and provides literature-based assessment recommendations. The homogeneity and repeatability of future exoskeleton assessment experiments will increase following these recommendations. The current review recognises the value of variability in evaluation protocols in order to obtain an overall overview of the effect of exoskeletons on the users, but the presented framework strives to facilitate benchmarking the effect of occupational exoskeletons on the users across this variety of assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Bock
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jo Ghillebert
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renée Govaerts
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Tassignon
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Guerrero
- Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action 16116, Wearable Robots for Augmentation, Assistance or Substitution of Human Motor Functions, Belgium
| | - Simona Crea
- COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action 16116, Wearable Robots for Augmentation, Assistance or Substitution of Human Motor Functions, Belgium; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Jan Veneman
- COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action 16116, Wearable Robots for Augmentation, Assistance or Substitution of Human Motor Functions, Belgium; Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland
| | - Joost Geeroms
- Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Strategic Research Program 'Exercise and the Brain in Health and Disease: The Added Value of Human-Centered Robotics', Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Strategic Research Program 'Exercise and the Brain in Health and Disease: The Added Value of Human-Centered Robotics', Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Design, modeling, and demonstration of a new dual-mode back-assist exosuit with extension mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2. [PMID: 36325150 PMCID: PMC9624433 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exoskeletons and exosuits have been shown to reduce muscle demands and fatigue for physical tasks relevant to a variety of industries (e.g. logistics, construction, manufacturing, military, healthcare). However, adoption of these devices into the workforce has been slowed by practical factors related to comfort, form-factor, weight, and not interfering with movement or posture. We previously introduced an un-motorized, low-profile, dual-mode exosuit comprised of textile and elastic materials to address these adoption barriers. Here we build upon this prior work by introducing an extension mechanism that increases the moment arm of the exosuit while in engaged mode, then collapses in disengaged mode to retain key benefits related to being lightweight, low-profile, and unobstructive. Here we demonstrate both analytically and empirically how this extensible exosuit concept can (i) reduce device-to-body forces (which can improve comfort for some users and situations), or (ii) increase the magnitude of torque assistance about the low back (which may be valuable for heavy-lifting jobs) without increasing shoulder or leg forces relative to the prior form-fitting exosuit. We also introduce a novel mode-switching mechanism, as well as a human-exosuit biomechanical model to elucidate how individual design parameters affect exosuit assistance torque and device-to-body forces. The proof-of-concept prototype, case study, and modeling work provide a foundation for understanding and implementing extensible exosuits for a broad range of applications. We envision promising opportunities to apply this new dual-mode extensible exosuit concept to assist heavy-lifting, to further enhance user comfort, and to address the unique needs of last-mile delivery workers.
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Park JH, Kim S, Nussbaum MA, Srinivasan D. Effects of two passive back-support exoskeletons on postural balance during quiet stance and functional limits of stability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 57:102516. [PMID: 33493784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While occupational back-support exoskeletons (BSEs) are considered as potential workplace interventions, BSE use may compromise postural control. Thus, we investigated the effects of passive BSEs on postural balance during quiet upright stance and functional limits of stability. Twenty healthy adults completed trials of quiet upright stance with differing levels of difficulty (bipedal and unipedal stance; each with eyes open and closed), and executed maximal voluntary leans. Trials were done while wearing two different BSEs (SuitX™, Laevo™) and in a control (no-BSE) condition. BSE use significantly increased center-of-pressure (COP) median frequency and mean velocity during bipedal stance. In unipedal stance, using the Laevo™ was associated with a significant improvement in postural balance, especially among males, as indicated by smaller COP displacement and sway area, and a longer time to contact the stability boundary. BSE use may affect postural balance, through translation of the human + BSE center-of-mass, restricted motion, and added supportive torques. Furthermore, larger effects of BSEs on postural balance were evident among males. Future work should further investigate the gender-specificity of BSE effects on postural balance and consider the effects of BSEs on dynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Ho Park
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sunwook Kim
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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De Bock S, Ghillebert J, Govaerts R, Elprama SA, Marusic U, Serrien B, Jacobs A, Geeroms J, Meeusen R, De Pauw K. Passive Shoulder Exoskeletons: More Effective in the Lab Than in the Field? IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:173-183. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2020.3041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuber PM, Rashedi E. Product ergonomics in industrial exoskeletons: potential enhancements for workforce efficiency and safety. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2020.1850905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Madhav Kuber
- Biomechanics and Ergonomics Lab, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ehsan Rashedi
- Biomechanics and Ergonomics Lab, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Poliero T, Lazzaroni M, Toxiri S, Di Natali C, Caldwell DG, Ortiz J. Applicability of an Active Back-Support Exoskeleton to Carrying Activities. Front Robot AI 2020; 7:579963. [PMID: 33501340 PMCID: PMC7805869 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2020.579963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational back-support exoskeletons are becoming a more and more common solution to mitigate work-related lower-back pain associated with lifting activities. In addition to lifting, there are many other tasks performed by workers, such as carrying, pushing, and pulling, that might benefit from the use of an exoskeleton. In this work, the impact that carrying has on lower-back loading compared to lifting and the need to select different assistive strategies based on the performed task are presented. This latter need is studied by using a control strategy that commands for constant torques. The results of the experimental campaign conducted on 9 subjects suggest that such a control strategy is beneficial for the back muscles (up to 12% reduction in overall lumbar activity), but constrains the legs (around 10% reduction in hip and knee ranges of motion). Task recognition and the design of specific controllers can be exploited by active and, partially, passive exoskeletons to enhance their versatility, i.e., the ability to adapt to different requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Poliero
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Lazzaroni
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Toxiri
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christian Di Natali
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Darwin G. Caldwell
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jesús Ortiz
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Huysamen K, Power V, O'Sullivan L. Kinematic and kinetic functional requirements for industrial exoskeletons for lifting tasks and overhead lifting. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:818-830. [PMID: 32320343 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1759698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to sample human kinematics and kinetics during simulated tasks to aid the design of industrial exoskeletons. Twelve participants performed two dynamic tasks; a simulated lifting task and an overhead lifting task. Based on the current data, to completely assist a worker with lifting loads up to 15 kg, hip actuators would need to supply up to 111 Nm of extensor torque at speeds up to 139°/s of extension velocity and 26°/s of flexion velocity. The actuators should allow the hip to extend to 11° and flex to 95°, and supply a power of 212 W. To completely assist workers lifting a 3 kg load overhead, actuators assisting shoulder flexion would need to supply up to 20 Nm of flexor torque at speeds up to 21°/s of extension velocity and 116°/s of flexion velocity. The actuators should also allow 67° of shoulder flexion and supply a power of 27 W. Practitioner summary: There is increasing interest in developing exoskeletons for industrial applications. This study details relevant kinetic and kinematic exposures for common production tasks, which can be used to inform functional requirements of industrial exoskeletons.AbbreviationsWMSD(s)work-related musculoskeletal disordersMMHmanual materials handlingDOFdegrees of freedomBLEEXBerkeley lower extremity exoskeletonLED(s)light emitting diodeRelrelativeHighlightsThis study sampled joint kinematic and kinetic activity to inform design of industrial exoskeletons.The study presents sample values to two types of common industrial tasks across the major joints as are often assisted.We also indicate considerations on which joints should be considered to be actively assisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Huysamen
- School of Design and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Valerie Power
- School of Design and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Leonard O'Sullivan
- School of Design, Health Research Institute and Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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