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Liu W, Wang J, Chen C, Reinhardt JD. Health care needs and health services utilization of people with spinal cord injury living in Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces of China: a cross-sectional community survey. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2282-2293. [PMID: 37280785 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2219903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate health care needs, health service utilization, and their socio-economic and health-related determinants in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Jiangsu and Sichuan Provinces of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1355 participants with SCI living in the community were recruited using a multi-stage stratified random sample and surveyed by telephone or online. Outcomes evaluated included the presence of health care needs, mode of health service utilization, and specific provider types seen within 12 months preceding the survey. RESULTS The prevalence of healthcare needs was 92%. Needs were higher in Sichuan (98%) as compared to Jiangsu (80%). Of those in need of health care, 38% reported not having utilized care, more in Sichuan (39%) than in Jiangsu (37%). In Jiangsu, inpatient care was more often used than in Sichuan (46% vs. 27%), while in Sichuan outpatient services were utilized more often (33% vs. 17%). On average, 1.6 provider types were seen, with Sichuan reporting fewer different provider types. CONCLUSIONS Considerable differences in the prevalence of health care needs and service utilization patterns were found between provinces, mostly in favour of the economically more developed Jiangsu Province.Implications for RehabilitationPeople with low income, particularly those below the World Bank poverty line for middle-income countries, had increased health care needs but utilized health care less often.Moreover, environmental barriers contributed significantly to unmet health care needs.This implies the necessity to provide better accessible and more affordable rehabilitation services for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in China such as community-based rehabilitation programming.Policies for alleviation of poverty in the case of SCI including insurance for catastrophic health expenditure should also be reviewed and adapted where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chuandong Chen
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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2
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Saarimäki SM, Reiterä P, Täckman A, Arokoski J, Vainionpää A, Kallinen M, Tallqvist S, Koskinen E, Hämäläinen H, Kauppila AM, Anttila H, Hiekkala S. Environmental barriers perceived by the Finnish population with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional survey. Spinal Cord 2024:10.1038/s41393-024-00990-x. [PMID: 38654113 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-00990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES To explore the frequencies of perceived environmental barriers (EB) that made participation harder for the Finnish population with SCI and to compare the occurrence of perceived EBs by gender, age, time since injury, and injury severity. SETTING Participants were recruited from the registers of the three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong care of people with SCI in Finland. METHODS The self-administered Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory Short Form (NEFI-SF) collected in the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI) (n = 1772) was used. Nonparametric tests and multinomial logistic regression models were utilized. RESULTS 880 individuals responded to the NEFI-SF items (response rate 50%). Climate was perceived as a barrier by 72% and a serious one by 44% of the respondents. The rates regarding public access were 59% and 24%, private home access 46% and 18%, and long-distance transport 45% and 20%. Four out of ten respondents reported that finances, lack of assistive devices for short-distance transport, and political decisions restricted their participation. The NEFI-SF total scores were higher (meaning more perceived restrictions by EBs) for those more severely injured. CONCLUSIONS Climate, access to public and private places, challenges with transport, finances, and political decisions were the EBs most frequently perceived to restrict participation by the Finnish population with SCI. Most EBs that were prominent causes of restrictions are modifiable. Greater accessibility to the built environment, equal services to all, and positive special treatment could reduce their effects.
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Grants
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Mari Saarimäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Paula Reiterä
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Täckman
- The Finnish Association of Spinal Cord Injured Akson, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Vainionpää
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Mauri Kallinen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Eerika Koskinen
- Department of Sensory, Neural, and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Hämäläinen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Kauppila
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Anttila
- Public Health and Welfare Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Knowledge Management and Co-creation Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- The Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Helsinki, Finland
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Roth EJ, Lovell L, Barry A. Perspectives on factors influencing quality of life in persons with long-term spinal cord injury: a qualitative study. Spinal Cord 2024:10.1038/s41393-024-00991-w. [PMID: 38649756 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-00991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Qualitative Cohort Study. OBJECTIVES Many people with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) develop adaptation strategies to succeed. Understanding the factors that support their capacity to adapt and develop is important to enhance quality of life of others with SCI. This study aims to learn how these factors influence how people with SCI attain and maintain optimal quality of life as time since injury grows. SETTING IL, USA. METHODS A qualitative approach using one-on-one structured interviews with 16 individuals with long-term SCI was used to elicit perspectives of topics of importance. Analysis of these topics was done for the entire group, and for subgroups based on injury duration, i.e., 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and 15+ years post-injury. Deductive and inductive analyses of transcripts were performed. RESULTS Five important themes emerged: 1. Injury, Medical Care, and Rehabilitation; 2. Built Environment and Accessibility; 3. Relationships and Support Systems; 4. Intrapersonal Thoughts and Emotions; and 5. Handling Challenges and Adversity. Topics of importance evolved over time. Most important were: 1-5 years: injury and recovery process; 5-15 years: navigating the community and how to handle difficult situations; and 15+ years: self-reflection and understanding how to handle challenges positively. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of the factors (e.g. resilience, self-acceptance, built environment) that contribute to quality of life in people with SCI, and their prevalence over time, enables development of strategies to facilitate personal fulfillment and favorable adaptation at each stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was posted on clinicaltrials.gov under NCT04544761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Roth
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pattanakuhar S, Schwegler U, Prommueang P, Hama T, Patanakuha S, Sumin N. Increasing employment opportunity for persons with spinal cord injury by digital working: an exampling case series from Thailand. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38461183 PMCID: PMC10925060 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to activity limitations and physical environmental barriers, low remunerative employment is a challenging issue for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and relevant rehabilitation personnel. Since work opportunities in digital fields have continued to emerge, this study aims to report and discuss the possibility of using digital working as a strategy for increasing remunerative employment in people with SCI. CASE PRESENTATION We report live experiences of four people with SCI in Thailand who have digital works with different types of jobs (image segmentation and identification for artificial intelligence development, online merchant, online streamer, cryptocurrency investor), different required digital skills (basic or intermediate digital skills), different employment statuses (employee or owner), and different incomes (from 50 to 200 USD/month). We also discuss advantages and potential risks of digital working for people with SCI and propose a model for care providers to facilitate safe digital work as a means of increasing remunerative opportunities for people with SCI. CONCLUSION There is increasing interest in becoming involved in various types of digital work among people with SCI. Digital working could overcome many of the physical barriers; however, it also potentially introduces some potential economic and health risks for people with SCI. To minimize those risks, healthcare providers of people with SCI should prepare to develop the appropriate knowledge and attitudes regarding digital working and to learn how to properly facilitate digital working to increase remunerative employment in people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintip Pattanakuhar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
| | - Urban Schwegler
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Paksupa Prommueang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tuankasfee Hama
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Narumon Sumin
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Castan A, Úbeda-Colomer J, Chamarro A, Vidal J, Benito-Penalva J, Sauri J. Socio-ecological Barriers to Leisure Time Physical Activity in Spanish Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: Associations With Sociodemographic Characteristics and Functional Independence. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)00830-X. [PMID: 38417776 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.02.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) To assess prevalence and severity of socio-ecological barriers to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in a sample of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI); (2) to examine the association of these barriers with sociodemographic characteristics and functional independence (FI); and (3) to explore which socio-ecological levels of barriers might be associated with LTPA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Neurorehabilitation Hospital specialized in SCI. PARTICIPANTS 207 wheelchair users with SCI living in the community who attended a comprehensive check-up (22.7% women, 47.5±10.7 mean age; N=207). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The short version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments was used to measure socio-ecological barriers to LTPA. The Spinal Cord Independence Measure III was used to measure FI. The Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI was used to quantify LTPA. Several multiple linear regression models were computed to examine the associations between socio-ecological barriers and sociodemographic factors, LTPA and FI. RESULTS A high prevalence of barriers to LTPA was found. Seven of these barriers (2 intrapersonal, 3 organizational, and 2 community) were present for >60% of the participants. Intrapersonal and organizational barriers had a higher effect on participants with lower FI and women. Interpersonal barriers were higher for older participants and with lower FI, while community barriers were higher for unemployed participants. Finally, intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers were negatively associated with LTPA, and FI revealed as a moderator of the intrapersonal barriers-LTPA relation. CONCLUSIONS Given their high prevalence and their association with LTPA, the development of interventions targeting socio-ecological barriers to LTPA in people with SCI becomes crucial. The associations of these barriers with FI and sociodemographic characteristics should also be considered for these interventions to be as specific and effective as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castan
- Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital, University Institute attached to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain.
| | - Joan Úbeda-Colomer
- University of Valencia, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Chamarro
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Sports Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vidal
- Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital, University Institute attached to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jesús Benito-Penalva
- Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital, University Institute attached to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Sauri
- Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital, University Institute attached to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Almeida LDO, de Lima A, Sprizon GS, Ilha J. Measurement properties of assessment instruments of quality of life in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med 2024; 47:15-50. [PMID: 37707365 PMCID: PMC10795554 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2254878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT A spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) is a devastating condition that affects all areas of a person's life, including quality of life (QoL). Assessing this construct using clinical instruments with adequate measurement properties is fundamental for an effective multi-professional treatment. OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical instruments for assessing the QoL that present the best recommendation for use in people with SCI based on their measurement properties. METHODS The overall methodology was conducted according to Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review guidance and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A literature search was conducted up to March 2023 on MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase databases. RESULTS Seventy-seven studies were included in this review, and 49 instruments were identified. The overall methodological quality of all studies ranged from insufficient to sufficient, and the level of evidence ranged from very low to high confidence. Twenty-six instruments may have the potential to be recommended, and the other 23 should not be recommended. CONCLUSION None of the QoL instruments can be highly recommended as the most suitable instrument for the construct and population of interest. The generic instruments SF-36, SF-12, QWB, WHOQOL-DIS, WHOQOL-BREF, QLI-SCI, QOLP-PD, LS Questions, Lisat-9, and BRFSS are the clinical instruments that have the best measurement properties tested and have the potential to be the current best recommendation for assessing QoL in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de Oliveira Almeida
- Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Research Group (SCIR-Group), Physiotherapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima
- Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Research Group (SCIR-Group), Physiotherapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Silva Sprizon
- Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Research Group (SCIR-Group), Physiotherapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Research Group (SCIR-Group), Physiotherapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Whelan A, McVeigh S, Barker P, Glennie A, Wang D, Chen M, Cheng CL, Humphreys S, O'Connell C, Attabib N, Engelbrecht A, Christie S. The effect of rurality and distance from care on health outcomes, environmental barriers, and healthcare utilization patterns in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:399-408. [PMID: 37169867 PMCID: PMC10173934 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-023-00898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between residential living location and health outcomes, environmental barriers, quality of life, and healthcare utilization patterns after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). SETTING Community setting, Atlantic Canada. METHODS An ambispective study of data collected on a subset of individuals enrolled in the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR) from 2012 to 2018. Outcomes were analyzed using two measures of rurality: postal codes at community follow-up (rural versus urban) and residential travel distance to the nearest RHSCIR facility (>100 km versus ≤100 km). Outcomes studied included the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors-Short Form (CHIEF-SF), Short Form-36 Version 2 (SF36v2), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT-11), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), secondary health complications and healthcare utilization patterns. Outcomes were assessed 9 to 24 months post-discharge from initial hospitalization. RESULTS 104 participants were studied, 21 rural and 83 urban based on postal codes at community follow-up. 59 participants lived more than 100 km away from the nearest RHSCIR facility, while 45 participants lived within 100 km. Individuals from urban area codes reported a greater magnitude of perceived barriers on the policies and work/school subscales of the CHIEF-SF. No differences in function, quality of life, and healthcare utilization patterns according to the measures of rurality were observed. Individuals living >100 km from the nearest RHSCIR facility reported greater rates of sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in environmental barriers, individuals from urban and rural locations in Eastern Canada reported similar health outcomes and quality of life after tSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Whelan
- Department of Medicine (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sonja McVeigh
- Department of Medicine (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paula Barker
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NF, Canada
| | - Andrew Glennie
- Department of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Di Wang
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melody Chen
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Colleen O'Connell
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Andre Engelbrecht
- Division of Neurosurgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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8
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Bychkovska O, Strøm V, Tederko P, Engkasan JP, Juocevičius A, Battistella LR, Arora M, Egen C, Gemperli A. Health System's Role in Facilitating Health Service Access among Persons with Spinal Cord Injury across 22 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6056. [PMID: 37297660 PMCID: PMC10252714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite efforts to improve access to health services, between- and within-country access inequalities remain, especially for individuals with complex disabling conditions like spinal cord injury (SCI). Persons with SCI require regular multidisciplinary follow-up care yet experience more access barriers than the general population. This study examines health system characteristics associated with access among persons with SCI across 22 countries. (2) Methods: Study data are from the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey with 12,588 participants with SCI across 22 countries. Cluster analysis was used to identify service access clusters based on reported access restrictions. The association between service access and health system characteristics (health workforce, infrastructure density, health expenditure) was determined by means of classification and regression trees. (3) Results: Unmet needs were reported by 17% of participants: lowest (10%) in Japan, Spain, and Switzerland (cluster 1) and highest (62%) in Morocco (cluster 8). The country of residence was the most important factor in facilitating access. Those reporting access restrictions were more likely to live in Morocco, to be in the lowest income decile, with multiple comorbidities (Secondary Conditions Scale (SCI-SCS) score > 29) and low functioning status (Spinal Cord Independence Measure score < 53). Those less likely to report access restriction tended to reside in all other countries except Brazil, China, Malaysia, Morocco, Poland, South Africa, and South Korea and have fewer comorbidities (SCI-SCS < 23). (4) Conclusions: The country of residence was the most important factor in facilitating health service access. Following the country of residence, higher income and better health were the most important facilitators of service access. Health service availability and affordability were reported as the most frequent health access barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bychkovska
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Vegard Strøm
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1453 Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Piotr Tederko
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mohit Arora
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Christoph Egen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Gemperli
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
- Center for Primary and Community Care, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
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Bezuidenhout L, Rhoda A, Moulaee Conradsson D, Mothabeng J, Joseph C. The Role of Environmental Factors on Health Conditions, General Health and Quality of Life in Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095709. [PMID: 37174227 PMCID: PMC10178437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe the individual items of the environmental factors and to investigate the relationship between the environmental factors to health conditions, general health and quality of life in people with SCI in South Africa. METHODS Two hundred persons with SCI participated in a cross-sectional survey design. This study formed part of the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) Community Survey. Four major domains, environmental factors, health conditions, general health and quality of life of the survey questionnaire responses, were used for the analysis. Regression models were used to determine the association between the independent variable, which consisted of the specific environmental factors items, and the dependent variables comprising health conditions, general health and quality of life. RESULTS The commonly reported environmental barriers were public access, lack of short- and long-distance transport and finances. Environmental factors such as public access (p < 0.001), short- (p < 0.001) and long-distance transport (p = 0.001), and friends' (p = 0.003) and colleagues' (p < 0.001) attitudes and communication (p = 0.042) were significantly associated with the presence of secondary health conditions. Finances (p = 0.026), family attitudes (p = 0.037) and communication (p = 0.039) had a significant association with worsened mental health. Services (p = 0.022) and communication (p = 0.042) were also significantly associated with decreased general health. CONCLUSION The results provide insight into modifiable environmental factors policymakers need to consider or adapt to improve the lives of people with SCI in South Africa with respect to health (secondary health conditions), as well as general and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Bezuidenhout
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthea Rhoda
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - David Moulaee Conradsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
- Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Theme Women's Health and Allied Health Professional, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joyce Mothabeng
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Conran Joseph
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
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Bychkovska O, Tederko P, Strøm V, Juocevicius A, Gemperli A. Does stronger primary care improve access to health services for persons with spinal cord injury? Evidence from eleven European countries. J Spinal Cord Med 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36972217 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2188390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the strength of primary care and perceived access to follow-up care services among persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Data analysis of the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) cross-sectional, community-based questionnaire survey conducted in 2017-2019. The association between the strength of primary care (Kringos et al., 2003) and access to health services was established using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for socio-demographic and health status characteristics. SETTING Community in eleven European countries: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain and Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS 6658 adults with chronic SCI. INTERVENTION None. OUTCOME MEASURES Share of persons with SCI that reported unmet healthcare needs as a measure of access. RESULTS Twelve percent of the participants reported unmet healthcare needs: the highest in Poland (25%) and lowest in Switzerland and Spain (7%). The most prevalent access restriction was service unavailability (7%). Stronger primary care was associated with lower odds of reporting unmet healthcare needs, service unavailability, unaffordability and unacceptability. Females, persons of younger age and lower health status, had higher odds of reporting unmet needs. CONCLUSIONS In all investigated countries, persons with chronic SCI face access barriers, especially with service availability. Stronger primary care for the general population was also associated with better health service access for persons with SCI, which argues for further primary care strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bychkovska
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Tederko
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vegard Strøm
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | | | - Armin Gemperli
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Center of Primary and Community Care, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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11
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Brady J, Mouneimne M, Milaney K. Environmental and systems experiences of persons with spinal cord injury and their caregivers when transitioning from acute care to community living during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative case study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36906673 PMCID: PMC10006547 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Comparative case study OBJECTIVES: To elevate the voices of and capture the lived environmental and systems experiences of persons with spinal cord injury (PWSCI) and their caregivers, in transitions from inpatient rehabilitation to the community. Also, to examine the perceived and actual availability and accessibility of services and programs for this group. SETTING Inpatient rehabilitation unit and community in Calgary, Alberta, Canada METHODS: As a comparative case study, this research included multiple sources of data including brief demographic surveys, pre- and post-discharge semi-structured interviews, and conceptual mapping of services and programs for PWSCI and caregivers in Calgary, Canada (dyads). Three dyads (six participants) were recruited from an inpatient rehabilitation unit at an acute care facility, from October 2020 to January 2021. Interviews were analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. RESULTS Dyads described transition experiences from inpatient rehabilitation to community as uncertain and unsupported. Breakdowns in communication, COVID-19 restrictions, and challenges in navigating physical spaces and community services were identified by participants as concerns. Concept mapping of programs and services showed a gap in identification of available resources and a lack of services designed for both PWSCI and their caregivers together. CONCLUSIONS Areas for innovation were identified that may improve discharge planning and community reintegration for dyads. There is an intensified need for PWSCI and caregiver engagement in decision-making, discharge planning and patient-centered care during the pandemic. Novel methods used may provide a framework for future SCI research in comparable settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Brady
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | - Katrina Milaney
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Yang Y, Gong Z, Reinhardt JD, Xu G, Xu Z, Li J. Environmental barriers and participation restrictions in community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury in Jiangsu and Sichuan Provinces of China: Results from a cross-sectional survey. J Spinal Cord Med 2023; 46:277-290. [PMID: 34139132 PMCID: PMC9987748 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1935094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) to describe environmental barriers and participation restrictions experienced by people with spinal cord injury (SCI) from China, (2) to examine associations between lesion characteristics and participation restrictions, considering a mediating role of environmental barriers, (3) to identify those environmental barriers that have the largest influence on participation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. This study is part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey (InSCI). SETTING Community, Jiangsu and Sichuan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS 1355 persons with SCI. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. OUTCOME MEASURES Participation restrictions were measured with items from the Model Disability Survey, Environmental Barriers were measured with the Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory-Short Form. RESULTS Participants experienced a median of five (IQR 1-9) environmental barriers and five (IQR 0-9) participation restrictions. Environmental barriers were mainly reported in relation to climate, insufficient resources and accessibility, and participation restrictions mainly occurred in using public transportation, taking care of others, and getting to places. In an adjusted zero-inflated Poisson model, people with more severe injuries reported a greater number of environmental barriers (complete injury: IRR = 1.31, 95%CI = [1.24,1.38]) and participation restrictions (tetraplegia: IRR = 1.15, 95%CI = [1.10,1.21]; complete injury: IRR = 1.25, 95%CI = [1.18,1.31]). Moreover, environmental barriers (IRR = 1.07, 95%CI = [1.06,1.08]) were a significant predictor of participation restrictions and partially mediated the association of lesion completeness with participation restrictions. Barriers related to accessibility of public places (IRR = 1.47, 95%CI = [1.33,1.62]), accessing homes (IRR = 1.32, 95%CI = [1.21,1.44]), long distance transportation (IRR = 1.11, 95%CI = [1.04,1.20]), communication devices (IRR = 1.07, 95%CI = [1.01,1.15]) and state services (IRR = 1.10, 95%CI = [1.02,1.19]) had the greatest negative impact on participation. CONCLUSION Social participation of people with SCI is seriously restricted in China. Removing environmental barriers will be an important element of programs to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Gong
- School of Public Affairs and Administration & Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Guangxu Xu
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Association of Rehabilitation Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhuo Xu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianan Li
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Hajjioui A, Fourtassi M, Tachfouti N, Laaroussi Z, Boulman S, Boujraf S, Fekete C. People with spinal cord injury in Morocco: results from the very first systematic data collection. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:8054-8065. [PMID: 34793274 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on the methodology, participant characteristics, and associations of four most frequent environmental barriers with health conditions, general health and quality of life (QoL) in the very first systematic data collection in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained data from 385 participants of the cross-sectional Moroccan SCI community survey (MorSCI). We used descriptive statistics to describe participant characteristics and regression models to investigate associations of the five most frequently reported environmental barriers with health conditions (secondary conditions, pain intensity, mental health), general health and QoL. RESULTS The most frequently reported environmental barriers were "lack of public services" (92.5%), "financial strain" (93.0%), restricted access to "public transportation" (85.5%), "public places" (83.9%) and "private places" (84.7%). People who perceived those factors as barriers also reported more secondary conditions, higher pain intensity, lower mental health, lower general health, and lower QoL. CONCLUSIONS This study on Moroccans with SCI found that environmental barriers detract from health and QoL. Given that environmental barriers are potentially modifiable, policy interventions present powerful tools to reduce barriers and potentially increase health and QoL in this vulnerable population.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPublic policy on the construction of transportation and public places is important to make the physical environment accessible for wheelchair users to support their participation in society.The provision of adequate rehabilitation services and specialized post-acute rehabilitation units for people with SCI in Morocco is urgently needed, not only to contribute to health and QoL but also to contribute to their abilities to overcome environmental barriers.Adequate state services including universal health coverage and access to rehabilitation services and assistive devices or adapted tools must be a priority on the policy level to facilitate activities of daily living and reduce barriers.Improving the skills and knowledge of health professionals in SCI rehabilitation and guide policy makers to promote patient education and self-advocacy in the meantime, may help reduce the gap between needs of people with SCI and available support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazak Hajjioui
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Maryam Fourtassi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nabil Tachfouti
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Zainab Laaroussi
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salma Boulman
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Said Boujraf
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Fekete C, Tough H, Leiulfsrud AS, Postma K, Bökel A, Tederko P, Reinhardt JD. Socioeconomic Status, the Countries’ Socioeconomic Development and Mental Health: Observational Evidence for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury from 22 Countries. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604673. [DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence on social inequalities in mental health of persons with physical impairments is limited. We therefore investigate associations of individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) and the country-level socioeconomic development (SED) with mental health in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods: We analyzed data from 12,588 participants of the International SCI Community Survey from 22 countries. To investigate individual-level inequalities, SES indicators (education, income, financial hardship, subjective status) were regressed on the SF-36 mental health index (MHI-5), stratified by countries. Country-level inequalities were analyzed with empirical Bayes estimates of random intercepts derived from linear mixed-models adjusting for individual-level SES.Results: Financial hardship and subjective status consistently predicted individual-level mental health inequalities. Country-level SED was inconsistently related to mental health when adjusting for individual-level SES. It however appeared that higher SED was associated with better mental health within higher-resourced countries.Conclusion: Reducing impoverishment and marginalization may present valuable strategies to reduce mental health inequalities in SCI populations. Investigations of country-level determinants of mental health in persons with SCI should consider influences beyond country-level SED, such as cultural factors.
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Australian arm of the International Spinal Cord Injury (Aus-InSCI) Community Survey: 2. Understanding the lived experience in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:1069-1079. [PMID: 35705701 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVES To identify common problems across key domains of functioning, health and wellbeing, as well as evaluate self-reported quality of life (QoL) by people with SCI, examining differences by age, gender, injury characteristics and level of mobility. SETTING Data from four state-wide SCI clinical services, one government insurance agency and three not-for-profit consumer organisations. METHODS Participants were 18 years or over with SCI and at least 12 months post-injury, recruited between Mar'18 and Jan'19. The Aus-InSCI questionnaire comprised 193 questions, including socio-demographics, SCI characteristics, body functions and structures, activities and participation, environmental and personal factors, and appraisal of health and well-being. General linear model was used to examine differences in functioning and QoL. RESULTS Participants (mean age 57 years, range 19-94 years) with tetraplegia and/or complete injuries had more health problems, activity/participation problems and environmental barriers. However, self-rated overall QoL did not differ for injury level or completeness. Participants with more recent injuries exhibited lower independence levels, more mental health problems and poorer satisfaction with self and their living conditions. Major activity/participation problems related to intimate relationships and accessing public transportation. Less than half of the working age population were engaged in paid work. The top two environmental barriers frequently related to accessing public places or homes and unfavourable climatic conditions. CONCLUSIONS This large, comprehensive community survey draws a detailed picture of the lived experience of people with SCI in Australia, identifying priority needs, gaps in services and barriers to achieving a full and satisfying life.
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Clark JM, Marshall R. Utilising International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions (ICD)-10 Australian Modification Classifications of "Health Conditions" to Achieve Population Health Surveillance in an Australian Spinal Cord Injury Cohort. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:746-756. [PMID: 35210556 PMCID: PMC9395265 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Study design Retrospective, non-randomised, registry controlled. Objective To develop a conceptual ICD-10 taxonomic framework for population health surveillance across all-phases of spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D). Setting Public Hospital Admitted Patient Care (APC) collection, South Australian Dept. Health, South Australia, Australia. Methods A core ICD-10-Australian Modification (AM) coded dataset was retrieved from the APC hospital patient admission collection (2012–2017). Search filters and key words referenced to the National Library of Medicine thesaurus identified and quantified incident SCI/D cases. Incident SCI/D case data held in the Australian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (ASCIR) of South Australia (2012–2017) tested fidelity. Data linkage to the South Australian Death Registry controlled for cohort attrition. Both unadjusted and case-mix adjusted core data set yields were evaluated. Outcomes were assessed in terms of APC frequency difference (Δ%) versus ASCIR. Results 3,504 APC cases were extracted, of which 504 (mean, SD age 55 ± 20 yrs; 348 [69%] male, 202 [39%] traumatic; 135 [32%]) cervical; 51 [10.1%] thoracic and (16 [3.2%]) lumbar met criteria. Comparator data were 385 ASCIR new index cases mean, SD age 56 ± 19 yrs, 229 [75%] male, 162 [42%] traumatic. Case-mix adjusted analysis yielded 336 (APC Δ33%) all-cause incident cases (vs. ASCIR −13 Δ%) and 131 incident cases of traumatic aetiologies (vs. ASCIR −19 Δ%). Conclusions The ICD-10 core “Health Condition” data-set assembled extends our understanding of SCI/D epidemiology and with further development may create a cost-efficient and sustainable framework that will improve health system performance and equity within and between countries. Sponsorship The Lifetime Support Authority of South Australia sponsored the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Clark
- Spinal Services, Surgical Specialties, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, The School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Ruth Marshall
- Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, The School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Spinal Cord Injury Service, Lightsview, SA, Australia
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Health care and rehabilitation services utilization, benefits and satisfaction: a community survey of individuals with spinal cord injury in Thailand. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:739-745. [PMID: 35197575 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore and report on health care and rehabilitation service utilization, rehabilitation service benefits, and levels of satisfaction of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in communities in Thailand. SETTING Four rehabilitation facilities in Thailand, two university hospitals (Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital in Chiang Mai Province and Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok), one large provincial hospital (Ratchaburi Hospital in Ratchaburi Province), and one national rehabilitation institute (Sirindhorn National Medical Rehabilitation Institute in Nonthaburi Province). METHODS This study was part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey (InSCI). Individuals with SCI completed a set of questionnaires, then data related to their health care and rehabilitation services were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 320 participants, most were male (71%), and the majority were living with paraplegia (73%). In cases of mild illnesses where hospitalization was not required, 46% went to a nearby health service hospital. In cases of serious illnesses where hospitalization was required, 39% went to a higher-level hospital. The majority (80%) were satisfied with their experience with health care services. The three top preferred products and services in descending order were wheelchairs and cushions, increased disability pension, medication and medical equipment including bladder relaxants, urinary catheters and urine bags. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with SCI living in communities in Thailand preferred treatment at a nearby district hospital for mild illnesses with one-third transferring to a higher-level hospital for serious illnesses. The majority were satisfied with the health care services and rehabilitation services.
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Fekete C, Reinhardt JD, Arora M, Patrick Engkasan J, Gross-Hemmi M, Kyriakides A, Le Fort M, Tough H. Socioeconomic status and social relationships in persons with spinal cord injury from 22 countries: Does the countries' socioeconomic development moderate associations? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255448. [PMID: 34388150 PMCID: PMC8362947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationships are powerful determinants of health and inequalities in social relationships across socioeconomic status (SES) groups may contribute to social inequalities in health. This study investigates inequalities in social relationships in an international sample of persons with spinal cord injury and explores whether social gradients in relationships are moderated by the countries' socioeconomic development (SED). METHODS Data from 12,330 participants of the International SCI Community Survey (InSCI) performed in 22 countries were used. We regressed social relationships (belongingness, relationship satisfaction, social interactions) on individual SES (education, income, employment, financial hardship, subjective status) and countries' SED (Human Development Index) using multi-level models (main effects). To test potential moderation of the SED, interaction terms between individual SES and countries' SED were entered into multi-level models. RESULTS Paid work, absence of financial hardship and higher subjective status were related to higher belongingness (OR, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.34-1.67; 1.76, 1.53-2.03; 1.16, 1.12-1.19, respectively), higher relationship satisfaction (OR, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.15-1.42; 1.97, 1.72-2.27; 1.20, 1.17-1.24, respectively) and fewer problems with social interactions (Coeff, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.82-1.10; 1.93, 1.74-2.12; 0.26, 0.22-0.29, respectively), whereas associations with education and income were less consistent. Main effects for countries' SED showed that persons from lower SED countries reported somewhat higher relationship satisfaction (OR, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.94-0.99) and less problems with social interactions (Coeff, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.09- -0.003). Results from moderation analysis revealed that having paid work was more important for relationships in lower SED countries, while education and subjective status were more important for relationships in higher SED countries (interaction terms p<0.05). CONCLUSION Social relationships in persons with spinal cord injury are patterned according to individual SES and the countries' SED and larger socioeconomic structures partly moderate associations between individual SES and social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jan D. Reinhardt
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohit Arora
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Marc Le Fort
- Neurological Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Hannah Tough
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Change in environmental barriers experienced over a 5-year period by people living with spinal cord injury in Switzerland: a prospective cohort study. Spinal Cord 2020; 59:441-451. [PMID: 33230271 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-00580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cohort study with two measurement occasions. OBJECTIVES To investigate change in environmental barriers experienced by people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) over a 5-year period. SETTING Community, Switzerland. METHODS Data were from the Swiss spinal cord injury (SwiSCI) survey. Main outcome measure was the Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory-Short Form. Random-effects Poisson regression featuring between-within estimation was used to examine predictors of the number of environmental barriers and of its change over time. RESULTS One thousand five hundred and forty-nine persons participated in Survey 2012 and 1530 participated in Survey 2017; 761 participated in both surveys. In both surveys most participants reported at least three barriers. Leading issues were unfavorable climate, inaccessibility of buildings and public spaces, and lack of or insufficiently adapted means of transportation. Reporting of barriers related to climate, finances, and state services declined over time. Between subjects, having more health problems, lesser physical independence, poorer mental health, and a lower household income were related to a higher number of barriers experienced. Within subjects, improvements in income, physical independence, and mental health over time were related to a reduction in barriers. CONCLUSIONS Inaccessibility of buildings and places and problems with transportation remained major barriers over a 5-year period and should be priorities of Swiss disability policy. People with reduced mental and physical health, and those with lower income are vulnerable groups deserving specific attention. Policies targeting income and life-long rehabilitation targeting health promotion and maintenance may be suitable means to reduce the experience of environmental barriers.
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