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Buckley L, Atkins T, Perera W, Waller M. Trajectories of Parental Warmth and the Role They Play in Explaining Adolescent Prosocial Behavior. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:526-536. [PMID: 37864730 PMCID: PMC10838220 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent prosocial behavior suggests social competence and it is associated with greater parental warmth yet the experience of warmth through child and adolescent development is not well understood as it relates to such prosocial behavior. A nationally representative dataset from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children cohort was used. The analyses involved multiple waves beginning when children were aged 4-5. The main analyses used a sample of 2723 adolescents aged 16-17 years (Mean, S.D. = 16.45, 0.50; 49.2% female, 50.8% male). Parental warmth trajectories (from ages 4-5 through 16-17 years) were created and used to explore the accumulated effect of a lifecourse of parental warmth on adolescent prosocial behavior as measured when adolescents were aged 16-17 years. There were three trajectories described as, consistent (28.7%), slight decline (51.4%), and declining warmth (19.8%). These were associated with prosocial behavior; adolescents with a slight decline in warmth were 2.2 times less likely than those with consistent warmth to have the highest prosocial behavior. Consistent parental warmth likely provides greatest benefit for increased prosocial behavior in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buckley
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Atkins
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Withanage Perera
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Waller
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
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Hooper LM, Lee SY, Tomek S, Jaggers JW, Kim G, Church WT. Attachment to Peers and School: Longitudinal Moderators of the Relation Between Caregiver Psychological Distress and Adolescent Hopelessness. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:931-949. [PMID: 33449286 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research has yet to determine how relationships outside of the family system may buffer negative outcomes associated with hopelessness among racial minority youth. In a sample of Black American youth (N = 512; 49% females) and their parents or caregivers, this study used longitudinal growth models to explore whether youth relationships (attachment to peers and attachment to school) moderated the association between caregiver distress (depressive symptoms and traumatic stress), and youth hopelessness. Adolescents' gender was examined to determine if there were gender differences present in these associations. Four linear growth models showed a significant change in levels of hopelessness over time for youth and a significant positive relation between caregiver distress and youth level of hopelessness. Attachment to peers and attachment to school did not equally moderate the relation between caregiver psychological distress and youth hopelessness. The type of caregiver distress had a differential effect on youth hopelessness in the context of the moderation models and based on gender. The type of caregiver distress had a differential effect on youth hopelessness in the context of the moderation models and based on gender. Implications for the importance of non-familial attachments among Black American youth with distressed parents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grace Kim
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Forresi B, Giani L, Scaini S, Nicolais G, Caputi M. The Mediation of Care and Overprotection between Parent-Adolescent Conflicts and Adolescents' Psychological Difficulties during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Which Role for Fathers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031957. [PMID: 36767325 PMCID: PMC9914833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of a significant raise in youths' emotional and behavioral difficulties during the pandemic. Only a few studies have addressed parent-adolescent conflict, and none investigated the possible mediating effect of parenting in the association between conflicts with parents and adolescents' symptoms. This study aimed at investigating youths' psychological symptoms during the pandemic, focusing on the predicting effect of parent-adolescent conflict. The mediating role of care and overprotection was also explored, considering whether adolescent gender moderated this mediation. METHODS 195 adolescents aged 14-18 years participated in an online longitudinal study. Perceived conflict with parents and parenting dimensions (Parental Bonding Instrument; PBI) were assessed at baseline (2021). Self-reported psychological difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) were collected at baseline and after one year (2022). RESULTS A significantly severer symptomatology was found in adolescents having a conflictual relationship with one or both parents. Major conflicts with parents correlated with lower care and greater overprotection in mothers and fathers. However, parental overprotection and maternal care were not mediators of the relationship between conflict and youths' difficulties. The only exception was represented by paternal care that fully mediated this relationship in both adolescent males and females. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigations are needed to overcome limitations due to the small sample, findings extend our insight into the impact of parent-adolescent conflict, highlighting the role of fathers' care and the need to maximize their involvement in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Forresi
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss, 2-34128 Trieste, Italy
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Deng Y, Li M, Wang H, Li J, He X, Yu C. Parent-Adolescent Conflict, Depressive Symptoms, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of the COMT Gene rs4680 Polymorphism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10567. [PMID: 36078283 PMCID: PMC9517911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing research suggests that parent-adolescent conflict is associated with increased risk for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, adolescent NSSI reactions to parent-adolescent conflicts exhibit large individual differences. This study sought to explore whether depressive symptoms mediates the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent NSSI, and whether this mediating process is moderated by the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism. A total of 673 adolescents (364 males, 309 females) in the age range of 12 to 15 years (Meanage = 12.81 years, SD = 0.48) completed questionnaires regarding parent-adolescent conflict, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and buccal cells from each participant. Bootstrapping techniques displayed statistically significant moderated mediation. The results showed that the positive association between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent NSSI was in fact mediated by depressive symptoms. Moreover, this indirect link was moderated by the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism. Specifically, the risk effect of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescent NSSI via depressive symptoms was stronger for adolescents with Val/Val genotype than for those with Met/Met or Val/Met genotype. These findings underscore the importance of examining the interaction between genes and the environment to understand how and when parent-adolescent conflict impacts adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meijin Li
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huahua Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Paige KJ, Ramer NE, Colder CR. Developmental Cascade Effects of Maternal Depression on Offspring Substance Use Across Adolescence: Pathway Through Mother-Child Relationship Quality and Peer Deviancy. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:933-944. [PMID: 35091870 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that maternal depression can disrupt adolescent social development and trigger a risk cascade to adolescent substance use that involves poor quality mother-child relationships (Lovejoy et al., 2000) and affiliation with deviant peers (Visser et al., 2012). However, relatively little work has considered maternal depression as a catalyst for this risk pathway to adolescent substance use. The current study aims to clarify whether maternal depression has cascading effects to adolescent substance use through related developmental systems. Using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping for testing indirect effects, we tested the prospective association between maternal depression and middle adolescent substance use and whether poor mother-child relationship quality and peer deviancy mediated this relationship. We controlled for a variety of important cofounding variables. The sample included N = 338 adolescents (57% female; predominantly non-Hispanic Caucasian (83.14%) or African American (8.88%)) and mothers drawn from a larger nine-year longitudinal study of adolescent substance use. Data from wave 1 through wave 6 of the longitudinal project were utilized. The average age of adolescents was 11.6, 12.6, 13.6, 14.6, 15.5, and 16.6 at W1-W6, respectively. The indirect effect from maternal depression to substance use was supported (ab = 0.03, 95% CI [0.002, 0.07]). Findings emphasize that future work should more closely examine how maternal depression operates in developmental cascade models of adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Paige
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Nolan E Ramer
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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Schoeps K, Valero-Moreno S, Perona AB, Pérez-Marín M, Montoya-Castilla I. Childhood adaptation: Perception of the parenting style and the anxious-depressive symptomatology. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2020; 25:e12306. [PMID: 32762136 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood adaptation is essential for proper social-emotional development. Children growing up in a family context where they feel supported and protected are less vulnerable in the presence of psychopathology. The aim of this study is analysing the impact of parenting styles and the anxious-depressive symptoms on child adaptation. DESIGN AND SETTING A total of 367 children between the ages of 10 and 12, following a similar distribution by sex. The children completed self-reports assessing parenting styles, child adaptation, and depressive-anxiety symptomatology. METHODS The data were analysed using two complementary methodologies: linear regressions and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). RESULTS Both methodologies indicated that the main predictors explaining child adaptation were depression and an authoritative parenting style. The fsQCA models explained a greater amount of variance and included more variables in their prediction than the regression models. CONCLUSION Identifying family and emotional aspects when working with children may help professionals to improve childhood adaptation. Consequently, well-adapted children are less likely to suffer the negative consequences of emotional symptoms in later evolutionary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Schoeps
- Facultat de Psicologia, Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Selene Valero-Moreno
- Facultat de Psicologia, Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana B Perona
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marián Pérez-Marín
- Facultat de Psicologia, Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla
- Facultat de Psicologia, Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Caught in a vicious cycle? Explaining bidirectional spillover between parent-child relationships and peer victimization. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:11-20. [PMID: 30642413 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Relationships with parents and peers are crucial for children's socialization, but how parent-child and peer relationships mutually affect each other is not well understood. Guided by spillover theory, we zoomed in on the bidirectional interplay between parental rejection and warmth on the one hand and peer victimization on the other, and examined whether children's maladjustment symptoms mediated hypothesized cross-domain spillover effects. Data stem from five waves of the longitudinal KiVa study among 9,770 children (50% boys; mean age = 9.16, standard deviation = 1.29). Results from random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that higher parental rejection and lower parental warmth predicted increases in peer victimization and vice versa across waves, thus supporting the bidirectional model. Moreover, spillover from parent-child rejection and warmth to peer victimization was partially driven by children's depressive symptoms and bullying perpetration. Vice versa, spillover from peer victimization to parent-child rejection and warmth was partially driven by children's social anxiety, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and bullying perpetration. Thus, children might get caught in persistent problems in two important social domains, and these two domains influence each other through children's maladjustment. Family and school interventions should be integrated to prevent a downwards spiral.
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Rognli EW, Waraan L, Czajkowski NO, Solbakken OA, Aalberg M. Conflict with Parents in Adolescent Depression: Associations with Parental Interpersonal Problems and Depressive Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:442-452. [PMID: 31955295 PMCID: PMC7235051 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-00955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conflict with parents is common among depressed adolescents, interferes with treatment, and may increase risk of recurrence. Parental depressive symptoms have been shown to predict conflict with adolescent children, but an important role for different kinds of parental interpersonal problems, as described by interpersonal circumplex, is also plausible. This study compared parental interpersonal problems to parental depressive symptoms as predictors of parent-adolescent conflict reported by a depressed adolescent child, using multilevel linear regression, leave-one-out cross-validation and model stacking (N = 100 parents, 57 mothers and 43 fathers, of 60 different adolescents). Cross-validation and model stacking showed that including parental interpersonal problems contributes to accurate predictions. Parents reporting more interpersonal problems related to excessive dominance or submissiveness was associated with increased or decreased conflict, respectively. Parental depressive symptoms were found to be negatively associated with parent-adolescent conflict only in father-adolescent relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling W Rognli
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1094 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Luxsiya Waraan
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Nikolai O Czajkowski
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole André Solbakken
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1094 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Aalberg
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Longitudinal Relationships Between Parent Factors, Children's Bullying, and Victimization Behaviors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:789-802. [PMID: 30850914 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal data from NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development tested direct, indirect and reciprocal effects of maternal depressive symptoms, stress/support factors on child bullying and peer victimization through mother-child relationship quality at grades 3, 5, 6. Data from 828 mother-child dyads indicated small significant effects of some hypothesized pathways, including a small direct effect of maternal depressive symptoms at grade 3 on peer victimization at grade 5, but not on bullying behaviors. Mother-child relationship quality at grade 5 negatively predicted bullying at grade 6, but not peer victimization. There were small effects of bullying behaviors at grade 5 on decreased mother-child relationship quality at grade 6. Maternal employment at grade 3 predicted decreased bullying behaviors at grade 6 through mother-child relationship quality at grade 5. Findings are relevant for parent inclusive research and approaches to anti-bully intervention strategies and prevention policies.
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