1
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Drivas M, Reed OS, Berndt-Goke M. #WhatIEatInADay: The effects of viewing food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body image and intent to diet. Body Image 2024; 49:101712. [PMID: 38636388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The rise of short-form video content has prompted research into its impact on body image; however, little remains known regarding the effects of exposure to food-related content of this type. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a between-subjects experiment (N = 316) examining the effects of exposure to low-calorie versus high-calorie "What I Eat in A Day" food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and diet intentions. Additionally, this study sought to explore how social comparison and mood might affect participants' responses to these videos. Results indicate that social comparison mediated the relationship between video type (low- vs high- calorie) and positive mood, such that low-calorie videos increased upward social comparison and decreased positive mood, and high-calorie videos increased downward social comparison and increased positive mood. Positive direct effects of positive mood on body appreciation and diet intentions occurred, and a negative direct effect on body dissatisfaction was found. Additionally, positive mood mediated the path from social comparison to diet intentions. These findings highlight the importance of further research into the nuanced impacts of food diary social media content on young adults' body image and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalayna Drivas
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Olivia Simone Reed
- Department of Fine and Performing Arts, Minot State University, Minot, ND, USA
| | - Maranda Berndt-Goke
- Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
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2
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Décarie-Spain L, Hayes AMR, Lauer LT, Kanoski SE. The gut-brain axis and cognitive control: A role for the vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:201-209. [PMID: 36803834 PMCID: PMC10427741 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Survival requires the integration of external information and interoceptive cues to effectively guide advantageous behaviors, particularly foraging and other behaviors that promote energy acquisition and consumption. The vagus nerve acts as a critical relay between the abdominal viscera and the brain to convey metabolic signals. This review synthesizes recent findings from rodent models and humans revealing the impact of vagus nerve signaling from the gut on the control of higher-order neurocognitive domains, including anxiety, depression, reward motivation, and learning and memory. We propose a framework where meal consumption engages gastrointestinal tract-originating vagal afferent signaling that functions to alleviate anxiety and depressive-like states, while also promoting motivational and memory functions. These concurrent processes serve to favor the encoding of meal-relevant information into memory storage, thus facilitating future foraging behaviors. Modulation of these neurocognitive domains by vagal tone is also discussed in the context of pathological conditions, including the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and dementia-associated memory impairments. Collectively, these findings highlight the contributions of gastrointestinal vagus nerve signaling to the regulation of neurocognitive processes that shape various adaptive behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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3
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Hudson TA, Ferreira LK, Amaral ACS, Ferreira MEC. Body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties among Brazilian female university students. Body Image 2023; 45:323-330. [PMID: 37031616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM) is an instrument that aims to quantify behaviors related to social comparison, specifically comparisons related to the body, eating and exercise, and was originally developed using a nonclinical population of American university women. The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the psychometric qualities of the BEECOM for young Brazilian adult women aged 18-35 years. In the present study, the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was performed through its translation, back-translation and evaluation by the target population. The instrument proved to be easy to understand among young women. Then, the psychometric qualities of the instrument were evaluated using a sample of 716 women (Mage = 22.47 ± 3.10). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the presence of three factors and satisfactory adjustment indexes. The BEECOM presented an invariant measurement across white vs. nonwhite and physically active vs. non-active individuals. In addition, the instrument showed adequate reliability and convergent validity. In conclusion, the BEECOM is a useful tool to evaluate social comparison behaviors related to eating disorders and body image in young Brazilian female adults, enabling further research on these constructs and supporting the development of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiana Aparecida Hudson
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, s/n José Lourenço Kelmer Street, University Campus, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Luana Karoline Ferreira
- Humanities Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, s/n José Lourenço Kelmer Street, University Campus, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais, 204 Monsenhor José Augusto Street, Barbacena, Minas Gerais 36205-018, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, s/n José Lourenço Kelmer Street, University Campus, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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4
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Abstract
This study proposes to understand the impact of personal (health awareness and social influence) and moral (environmental concerns and animal welfare) antecedents on attitudes towards veganism and their effects on engagement with vegan products, along with their impact on purchase intention and word of mouth. Idealism is presented as a moderator of these proposed relationships. The study uses a structured questionnaire to gather data from two cross-sectional samples of 224 Portuguese and 356 Brazilian vegans collected from Facebook groups of vegans. Structural equation modelling is used to test the seven proposed hypotheses and the moderation effects. This research compares the influence of personal and moral determinants on veganism using idealism as a specific context to investigate their relationships, comparing Brazilian and Portuguese respondents and the effects of national cultures. Results show that attitudes towards veganism do not depend on personal causes, but rather on moral concerns. Motivations to reduce animal consumption, protect nature, and respect animal life seem to be guided by ethical principles.
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5
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Mills JS, Polivy J, Iqbal A. Food-based social comparisons influence liking and consumption. Appetite 2020; 151:104720. [PMID: 32348796 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of food-based social comparisons on hedonic ratings and consumption of a meal. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they were led to believe that they got a worse meal, a better meal, or the same meal as another participant. They then tasted and rated their own meal. Subsequent liking and ad lib food consumption were measured. Participants who were told that another person got a better meal than they did (upward comparison) liked their meal less than if they were told that another person received either the same meal as they did or a worse meal (downward comparison). Similarly, participants who were in the upward comparison condition ate less food than if they were in the control or downward comparison conditions. Consumption was mediated by liking. The results suggest that being told that someone else is eating a meal that is higher or lower in hedonic value than one's own meal induces hedonic contrast and influences liking and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Mills
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Janet Polivy
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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6
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Siegel JA, Huellemann KL, Hillier CC, Campbell L. The protective role of self-compassion for women's positive body image: an open replication and extension. Body Image 2020; 32:136-144. [PMID: 31887640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of positive body image in women may be disrupted by sociocultural appearance-related pressures. Therefore, it is critical to explore factors that may safeguard women's positive body image. A recent study by Homan and Tylka (2015) found that in a large sample (N = 263) of female MTurk workers and university-aged women, both appearance-contingent self-worth and body-based social comparisons were linked to less positive body image, but these links were attenuated in the face of high self-compassion. This research, an independent direct replication of the original study, supported the original findings. In a new, larger sample (N = 363 female-identified MTurk workers), signals were detected that were similar in size and magnitude to the original study. Specifically, while appearance-contingent self-worth and body-based social comparisons were negatively linked to body appreciation, those who endorsed higher levels of self-compassion reported a more positive body image, even in the presence of these potential threats. Findings are extended to eating- and exercise-based social comparisons. All materials, including the replication protocol, data management plan, dataset, SPSS syntax, and output are publicly available on the Open Science Framework at: https://osf.io/r274y/. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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7
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Niewiadomski R, Ceccaldi E, Huisman G, Volpe G, Mancini M. Computational Commensality: From Theories to Computational Models for Social Food Preparation and Consumption in HCI. Front Robot AI 2019; 6:119. [PMID: 33501134 PMCID: PMC7805905 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and eating are inherently social activities taking place, for example, around the dining table at home, in restaurants, or in public spaces. Enjoying eating with others, often referred to as “commensality,” positively affects mealtime in terms of, among other factors, food intake, food choice, and food satisfaction. In this paper we discuss the concept of “Computational Commensality,” that is, technology which computationally addresses various social aspects of food and eating. In the past few years, Human-Computer Interaction started to address how interactive technologies can improve mealtimes. However, the main focus has been made so far on improving the individual's experience, rather than considering the inherently social nature of food consumption. In this survey, we first present research from the field of social psychology on the social relevance of Food- and Eating-related Activities (F&EA). Then, we review existing computational models and technologies that can contribute, in the near future, to achieving Computational Commensality. We also discuss the related research challenges and indicate future applications of such new technology that can potentially improve F&EA from the commensality perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gijs Huisman
- Digital Society School, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maurizio Mancini
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Spence C, Mancini M, Huisman G. Digital Commensality: Eating and Drinking in the Company of Technology. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2252. [PMID: 31649587 PMCID: PMC6794350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensality is a key aspect of social dining. However, previous research has identified a number of pros and cons associated with the incorporation of digital technology into eating and drinking episodes. For instance, those who are distracted by digital technology may eat/drink more (that is, they may overconsume) as a result of their failure to attend to the food-related sensations that are thought to cue the termination of eating. Similarly, it has often been suggested that the use of mobile devices at mealtimes can disrupt the more commensal aspects of dining/drinking (at least among those who are physically present together). At the same time, however, looking to the future, it seems clear that digital technologies also hold the promise of delivering opportunities for enhanced multisensory experiential dining. For instance, they might be used to match the auditory, visual, or audiovisual entertainment to the eating/drinking episode (e.g., think only about watching a Bollywood movie while eating a home-delivery Indian meal, say). Indeed, given the growing societal problems associated with people dining by themselves, there are a number of routes by which digital technologies may increasingly help to connect the solo diner with physically co-located, remote, or even virtual dining partners. In this review of the literature, our focus is specifically on the role of technology in inhibiting/facilitating the more pleasurable social aspects of dining, what one might call "digital commensality." The focus is primarily on Westernized adults with reasonable access to, and familiarity with, digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Mancini
- School of Computer Science and IT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gijs Huisman
- Digital Society School, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Berger S, Christandl F, Bitterlin D, Wyss AM. The social insectivore: Peer and expert influence affect consumer evaluations of insects as food. Appetite 2019; 141:104338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Shift work, sleep duration, and body image dissatisfaction among female workers in southern Brazil. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:583-592. [PMID: 30474745 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between shift work and sleep duration with body image dissatisfaction (BID) among shift-working women in southern Brazil. In this cross-sectional study, data of 505 women shift workers, between 18 and 60 years old, were collected between January and April 2011. BID was assessed using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. Information on shift work, sleep duration, and other explanatory variables was collected through a questionnaire. An aggregated exposure variable was created and termed "sleep deprivation," with the exposure category being night-shift workers who slept < 7 h/day. The respective prevalence ratio values were estimated using a Poisson regression. The prevalence of BID among shift-working women was 42.4 (95% CIs = 38.0 to 46.7%), and 199 (93.0%) of these women wished they had a smaller body size. Shift work (PR = 1.40; p = 0.006) and sleep duration (PR = 1.32; p = 0.010) were independently associated with BID. Additionally, workers with sleep deprivation exhibited a higher probability of BID than those without sleep deprivation (PR = 1.31; p = 0.012). These results reveal a situation of vulnerability and the need for strategies and actions directed at shift-working women with the aim of reducing the effects of sleep deprivation on mental health, particularly with regard to body image disorders.
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11
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Saunders JF, Eaton AA, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE. Body-, Eating-, and Exercise-Related Comparisons During Eating Disorder Recovery and Validation of the BEECOM-R. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684319851718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social comparison tendencies are strongly associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In the current study, we quantitatively examined the structure and predictive value of these constructs during eating disorder recovery. We revised an existing measure of body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons, the Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM), to improve psychometric properties. We also assessed the psychometric properties of the shortened Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure-Revised (BEECOM-R) in a comparison sample, resulting in an abbreviated measure suitable for recovering, clinical, and non-clinical samples. Finally, we used the revised measure to examine the additive influence of body-, eating-, and exercise-related comparisons on shape and weight dissatisfaction and disordered eating cognitions among 150 women (ages of 18–35 years) in self-identified recovery. Results suggest that body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons all continue to correlate with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating during recovery. A minority of participants reported these comparisons to be helpful during the recovery process. We recommend social comparison as a clinical target for most women seeking support for eating pathology. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/ 10.1177/0361684319851718
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Saunders
- Women’s Research Institute of Nevada, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Asia A. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Pachucki MC, Karter AJ, Adler NE, Moffet HH, Warton EM, Schillinger D, O'Connell BH, Laraia B. Eating with others and meal location are differentially associated with nutrient intake by sex: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). Appetite 2018; 127:203-213. [PMID: 29601920 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Though eating with others is often a social behavior, relationships between social contexts of eating and nutrient intake have been underexplored. This study evaluates how social aspects of eating - frequencies of eating meals with others, meals prepared at home, and meals outside the home - are associated with nutrient intake. Because diet improvement can reduce complications of diabetes mellitus, we surveyed a multi-ethnic cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes (n = 770) about social aspects of diet (based on 24-hour recalls). Sex-stratified multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders assessed the relationship between frequency of eating with others and nutrient intake (total energy, energy from fat, energy from carbohydrates, Healthy Eating Index/HEI, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension/DASH score). Although there was slight variation in men's versus women's propensity to share meals, after adjustment for confounders, there was no consistently significant association between meals with others and the 5 nutrient intake measures for either men or women. The directions of association between categories of eating with others and diet quality (HEI and DASH scores) - albeit not significant - were different for men (positive) and women (mostly negative), which warrants further investigation. The next analyses estimated nutrient intake associated with meals prepared at home, and meals consumed outside the home. Analyses indicated that greater meal frequency at home was associated with significantly better scores on diet quality indices for men (but not women), while meal frequency outside the home was associated with poorer diet quality and energy intake for women (but not men). Better measurement of social dimensions of eating may inform ways to improve nutrition, especially for persons with diabetes for whom diet improvement can result in better disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Pachucki
- Department of Sociology and Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 200 Hicks Way, Thompson Hall, Amherst, MA 01003-9277, United States.
| | - Andrew J Karter
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States
| | - Nancy E Adler
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States
| | - Howard H Moffet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States
| | - E Margaret Warton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States
| | - Dean Schillinger
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1364, SFGH Bldg 10, Ward 13 1310, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | | | - Barbara Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 207-B University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-97360, United States
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13
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Leehr E, Giel KE, Schaeffeler N, Mack I, Thiel A, Zurstiege G, Zipfel S. Where Do You Look? Visual Attention to Human Bodies across the Weight Spectrum in Individuals with Normal Weight or with Obesity. Obes Facts 2018; 11:277-286. [PMID: 29991049 PMCID: PMC6189528 DOI: 10.1159/000489787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how individuals with normal weight (NW) versus individuals with obesity (OB) visually explore human bodies varying in BMI. METHODS 16 OB (BMI 37.5 ± 7.7 kg/m²) and 35 NW (BMI 21.5 ± 1.6 kg/m²) visually explored 35 natural photographs and 25 avatars depicting male and female bodies ranging from normal weight to obesity. Gaze behaviour was assessed using eye tracking technology. Additionally, participants rated the attractiveness of all body stimuli. RESULTS A comparison of the displayed gaze behaviour shown by both participant weight classes indicates that regarding visual stimuli of obese natural bodies, all participants (OB + NW) looked at the waist longer, whereas regarding visual stimuli of normal-weight bodies, all participants viewed the head longer. Overall, OB spent less time looking at the bodies than NW. All participants rated normal-weight bodies as more attractive than obese bodies. However, the NW sample rated the depicted obese bodies as even less attractive than the OB sample did. CONCLUSIONS The BMI of the explored body, but not the observer's BMI, produces differences in the visual exploration of human bodies. The displayed exploration pattern of obese bodies can cautiously be interpreted as a 'de-individualised' and 'obesity-focused' perception. This tendency may prove in close relationship with the negative cultural views on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Leehr
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Katrin Elisabeth Giel, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,
| | - Norbert Schaeffeler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Zurstiege
- Institute of Media Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Thomas JM, Ursell A, Robinson EL, Aveyard P, Jebb SA, Herman CP, Higgs S. Using a descriptive social norm to increase vegetable selection in workplace restaurant settings. Health Psychol 2017; 36:1026-1033. [PMID: 28541071 PMCID: PMC5652259 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Recent work has shown that exposure to social norm messages may enhance the consumption of vegetables. However, the majority of this work has been conducted in laboratories, often with student populations. Little is known about whether this approach can be successfully used in other contexts. In this study, a poster featuring a message based on social norms was tested to examine whether it could increase and maintain the purchase of meals with vegetables in workplace restaurants. Method: A pretest–posttest design with 3 phases was used in 3 workplace restaurants in the United Kingdom. The first 2 weeks formed the preintervention phase, the second 2 weeks the intervention phase, and the last 2 weeks the postintervention phase. During the intervention phase only, posters containing a social norm message relaying information about vegetable purchases of other diners were placed in each restaurant. The main outcome measure was the percentage of meals purchased with vegetables, which was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results: Participants were judged to be male (57%), not overweight (75%), and under the age of 60 (98%). The intervention was positively associated with the percentage of meals purchased with vegetables: baseline versus intervention (60% vs. 64% of meals purchased with vegetables; p < .01); intervention versus postintervention (64% vs. 67% of meals purchased with vegetables; p < .01); and baseline versus postintervention (60% vs. 67% of meals purchased with vegetables; p < .001). Conclusions: Social norm messages may increase the purchase of vegetables in workplace settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ursell
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University
| | - Eric L Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford
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15
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Polivy J. What's that you're eating? Social comparison and eating behavior. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:18. [PMID: 28465828 PMCID: PMC5408479 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
People seem to have a basic drive to assess the correctness of their opinions, abilities, and emotions. Without absolute indicators of these qualities, people rely on a comparison of themselves with others. Social comparison theory can be applied to eating behavior. For example, restrained eaters presented with a standard slice of pizza ate more of a subsequent food if they thought that they had gotten a bigger slice of pizza than others (i.e., had broken their diets), whereas unrestrained eaters ate less. Social influences on eating such as modeling and impression formation also rely on comparison of one's own eating to others. Comparing one's food to others' meals generally influences eating, affect, and satisfaction.
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16
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Schnettler B, Grunert KG, Orellana L, Sepúlveda J, Miranda H, Lobos G, Adasme-Berríos C, Denegri M, Mora M, Salinas-Oñate N, Hueche C, Etchebarne S. Dietary restraint, life satisfaction and self-discrepancy by gender in university students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sumpsi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Haugaard P, Lähteenmäki L. Consumer satisfaction with real life meal experiences: An interview study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2016.1215757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Haugaard
- MAPP Centre, Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liisa Lähteenmäki
- MAPP Centre, Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Orellana L, Grunert KG, Sepúlveda J, Lobos G, Denegri M, Miranda H, Adasme-Berríos C, Mora M, Etchebarne S, Salinas-Oñate N, Schnettler B. Dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in male university students. Eat Behav 2016; 21:123-8. [PMID: 26835591 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-discrepancy describes the distance between an ideal and the actual self. Research suggests that self-discrepancy and dietary restraint are related, causing a significant impact on the person's well-being. However, this relationship has been mostly reported in female and mixed populations. In order to further explore dietary behaviors and their relations to self-discrepancy and well-being-related variables in men, a survey was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 119 male students from five Chilean state universities (mean age=21.8, SD=2.75). The questionnaire included the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) with the subscales weight fluctuations (WF) and diet concern (DC), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale (SWFL), the Nutrition Interest Scale (NIS), and the Self-discrepancy Index (SDI). Questions were asked about socio-demographic characteristics, eating and drinking habits, and approximate weight and height. A cluster analysis applied to the Z-scores of the RRS classified the following typologies: Group 1 (22.7%), men concerned about weight fluctuations; Group 2 (37.0%), men concerned about diet and weight fluctuations; Group 3 (40.3%), unconcerned about diet and weight fluctuations. The typologies differed in their SDI score, restriction on pastry consumption and reported body mass index (BMI). Students with higher DC and WF scores had a higher BMI, and tended to report high self-discrepancy not only on a physical level, but also on social, emotional, economic and personal levels. This study contributes to the literature on subjective well-being, dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in men from non-clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Orellana
- Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile; Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Klaus G Grunert
- MAPP Centre for Research on Customer Relations in the Food Sector, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - José Sepúlveda
- Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile; Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Germán Lobos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Comercial, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Marianela Denegri
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
| | - Horacio Miranda
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
| | - Cristian Adasme-Berríos
- Departamento de Economía y Administración, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Marcos Mora
- Departamento de Economía Agraria, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Soledad Etchebarne
- Departamento de Administración, Facultad de Negocios, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Berta Schnettler
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
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Dibb-Smith A, Brindal E. Table for two: The effects of familiarity, sex and gender on food choice in imaginary dining scenarios. Appetite 2015; 95:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Watching reality weight loss TV. The effects on body satisfaction, mood, and snack food consumption. Appetite 2015; 91:351-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ferrer-Garcia M, Gutierrez-Maldonado J, Treasure J, Vilalta-Abella F. Craving for Food in Virtual Reality Scenarios in Non-Clinical Sample: Analysis of its Relationship with Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:371-8. [PMID: 26095041 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technology has been successfully used to study the influence of specific and contextual food-related cues on emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in patients with eating disorders (ED) and healthy controls. Following this research line, the present study assesses the effect on reported food craving of the type of food (low calorie versus high calorie) and the presence or absence of other people (private versus social context) in VR environments. Relationships between craving and body mass index (BMI) and ED symptoms are also explored. Eighty-seven female students were exposed to four VR scenarios presented in random order: a low-calorie kitchen, a high-calorie kitchen, a low-calorie restaurant and a high-calorie restaurant. After 2 minutes of exposure to each virtual scenario, food craving was assessed. Repeated measures analyses of covariance were conducted to assess changes in food craving following exposure to the different VR environments. Time elapsed since the last meal was introduced as a covariate to control for responses produced by food deprivation. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were also conducted to assess the relationship between reported food craving and BMI and ED symptoms. Participants experienced higher levels of food craving after exposure to high-calorie foods (in both the kitchen and restaurant environments) than after exposure to low-calorie foods. Being alone in the kitchen or with friends in the restaurant had no effect on reported craving. Overall, neither BMI nor ED symptoms were related with reported food craving; only in the restaurant with low-calorie food was a significant negative correlation found between BMI and food craving. The results suggest that cue exposure in virtual environments is an effective procedure for inducing food craving in healthy controls and may be useful as a research and therapeutic tool in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferrer-Garcia
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Gutierrez-Maldonado
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Ferran Vilalta-Abella
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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