Eating styles profiles in Chilean women: A latent Profile analysis

A latent profile analysis based on diet quality and eating behaviours in participants of the PREDISE study characterized by a higher BMI

The aim of this study was to identify eating-related latent profiles based on diet quality and eating behaviours within a population characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of at least 25 kg/m2, and to compare metabolic variables between profiles. This analysis was conducted in a sample of 614 adults (45.6% women; 44.8 ± 12.9 years) from the cross-sectional PREDISE study. Participants completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale, and three self-administered 24 h food recalls. Waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fasting glucose were measured to identify carriers of the metabolic syndrome. A latent profile analysis was performed, and cases of metabolic syndrome were compared between profiles. A three-profile solution was found. Profile 1 (22.8%) was characterized by lower diet quality, lower self-determined motivation for eating, lower restraint, and higher intuitive eating. Profile 2 (44.5%) was characterized by higher diet quality, higher self-determined motivation for eating, higher restraint, lower disinhibition, and higher intuitive eating. Profile 3 (32.7%) was characterized by intermediate diet quality, higher non-self-determined motivation for eating, higher restraint and disinhibition, and lower intuitive eating. We found fewer cases of metabolic syndrome among participants in profile 2 than in the other profiles (p = 0.0001). This study suggests that a profile characterized by a lower disinhibition and higher levels of restraint, intuitive eating, self-determined motivation, and diet quality is associated with a better metabolic health among individuals with a higher BMI.

Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and eating behaviours and attitudes: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Between 60 and 90% of adults with OSA are reported as overweight. The co-existence of obesity and OSA can greatly increase an individual's risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. To better understand this relationship between OSA and weight, this review aimed to investigate if there is evidence of certain eating behaviours or eating attitudes that might be found in adults living with OSA.

METHODS

We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science) on January 17th, 2022, to identify studies assessing the association between eating patterns and OSA in adults. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted on the included studies, following the vote-counting method.

RESULTS

There is preliminary evidence that the time of day when calories are consumed is associated with lower OSA severity. No other clear patterns of eating behaviours or attitudes were identified however this may be due to disparity within research studies and their reported results.

CONCLUSION

Further research is needed to examine the relationship between eating times and OSA severity. We recommend standardising the approach to examining the eating patterns of those living with OSA and the relationship that this might have on OSA symptoms as well as looking at attitudes towards food in this population. This may prove helpful in providing a better understanding of the relationship between OSA and persons with overweight and help in future intervention development.

Satisfaction with Food: Profiles of Two-Parent Families with Adolescent Children

The objectives of this study were to distinguish family profiles based on the level of satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) of mothers, fathers, and adolescents, and to characterize the profiles based on the three family members' diet quality and nutritional status, family's eating habits, parental feeding practices, parent's nutritional knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics. Questionnaires were applied to a sample of 300 two-parent families with adolescent children, aged between 10 and 17 years, in Temuco, Chile. The questionnaires used were: satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL); adapted healthy eating index (AHEI); family eating habits questionnaire (FEHQ); and the nutritional knowledge subscale. They also answered questions about eating habits and provided data to determine BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Four different profiles were identified with respect to SWFoL: "Families satisfied with their food" (50.6%); "Fathers and mothers moderately satisfied with their food, children satisfied" (23.2%); "Families extremely satisfied with their food" (16.6%); and "Fathers and mothers satisfied with their food, children extremely dissatisfied" (9.7%). The profiles demonstrated heterogeneity in SWFoL. Higher levels of SWFoL (mothers, fathers and adolescents) were associated with healthier eating habits. These results contribute to new studies that enable understanding of how families' healthy eating habits are part of improving quality of life.

Risk perception of COVID-19 among college students in China: Latent profile analysis

Background

The outbreak of the new coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on people's mental and physical health. Meanwhile, people's perceptions of risk may influence their emotional states and preventative behavior during an epidemic. Previous research have revealed the diversity and uniqueness of risk perception, and college students may have a different perspective on risk perception. The objective of this study was to describe the subtypes of risk perception for COVID-19 among college students in China, identify the subtypes' traits, and investigate their affecting variables.

Methods

College students from 10 Chinese provinces participated in a cross-sectional study (n = 2,000) that from January 16 to 30, 2022. The latent profiles and influencing factors for risk perception were investigated using latent profile analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and multinomial logistical regression.

Results

The sample group of this survey was 1,946 students, and the response rate was 97.3%. The best model was suggested to consist of three profiles: "neutral risk perception" (20.3%), "perception seriously without susceptible" (52.8%), and "low risk perception" (26.9%). Risk perception of COVID-19 was positively associated with attention to negation information (r = 0.372, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.232, p < 0.01), and depression (r = 0.241, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with perceived social support (r = -0.151, p < 0.01). Logistic-regressions analyses mainly revealed that the risk perception of three profiles related to having chronic diseases (OR = 2.704, p < 0.01), medical major (OR = 0.595, p < 0.01; OR = 0.614, p < 0.05), without having COVID-19 confirmed cases around (OR = 0.539, p < 0.01), attention to negative information (OR = 1.073, p < 0.001; OR = 1.092, p < 0.001), and perceived social support (OR = 0.0.975, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The level of risk perception for COVID-19 among Chinese college students was unsatisfactory, and the risk perception of COVID-19 had significant group characteristics and heterogeneity. Colleges and public health practitioners could have a theoretical and empirical basis to implement risk perception intervention efforts by identifying latent subgroups during the COVID-19 epidemic.