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La Rosa GRM, Polosa R, O'Leary R. Effect of E-Cigarette Substitution for Cigarettes on Weight Status: A Systematic Review. Arch Med Res 2025; 56:103211. [PMID: 40174301 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substitution of smoking with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is increasingly used as a strategy for tobacco cessation or reduction, and its impact on body weight is a key area of research. AIMS To examine the effects of ENDS on weight status in adults who smoke cigarettes. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from 2010 to February 2024. Studies were included if they were randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies reporting longitudinal body weight measurements of adults who smoked cigarettes and either partially or entirely substituted ENDS for smoking. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI quality assessment tools, and bias was reported using the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS The systematic review included nine articles from eight trials. Study designs were five RCTs, two cohort studies, and one quasi-experimental study. Two studies had a high risk of bias, five had some concerns, and one was at low risk. Weight change varied, with a consistent pattern of weight gain over time for exclusive ENDS users and modest weight gain for dual users. The overall body of evidence was considered weak because the total number of participants was less than 1000. CONCLUSIONS ENDS use may have a modest impact on weight status among individuals trying to quit smoking. However, the evidence base is limited, and further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of ENDS use on weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Center for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renée O'Leary
- Center for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Biles J, Kornhaber R, Irwin P, Schineanu A, Kavisha Sookraj-Baran M, Cleary M. Perspectives, motivations, and experiences of adolescents and young adults using nicotine vapes: a qualitative review. Health Promot Int 2025; 40:daaf007. [PMID: 40105408 PMCID: PMC11920970 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaf007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
The emergence of vaping represents a novel phenomenon, highlighting its distinctive role within contemporary society. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of the cultural significance and social norms associated with vaping remains incomplete. This scoping review aimed to report the perspectives, motivations, and experiences of adolescents and young adults (10-25 years) engaging in the use of nicotine vapes. Peer-reviewed primary research published in English from 2003 to February 2024 was identified using the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Qualitative studies reporting on the perspectives, motivations, and experiences of adolescents and young adults who currently engage in nicotine and tobacco vape use were included. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes in adolescents and young adults vaping: understanding and reasons for vaping, the challenges of addiction and withdrawal, and varied responses from families and caregivers. Adolescents and young adults are often introduced to vaping by peers and siblings, drawn by the desire to fit in and the appealing flavours. Despite awareness of potential health risks, addiction makes quitting difficult, leading to intense cravings and withdrawal challenges. Families show a spectrum of responses, from ignorance to reluctant acceptance, indicating a need for better awareness and intervention strategies to address adolescent vaping. Establishing a withdrawal pathway for vaping is imperative as an intervention strategy to address the prevalence of vaping among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Biles
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauletta Irwin
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, 2444, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreia Schineanu
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myra Kavisha Sookraj-Baran
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, 2650, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, 2000, New South Wales, Australia
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Lanza HI, Waller K, Sevillano L. Bidirectional relationships between nicotine vaping and maladaptive eating behaviors among young adults. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100547. [PMID: 38725608 PMCID: PMC11081782 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Past research indicates that young adult cigarette smokers are at risk of engaging in maladaptive eating behaviors (MEBs); however, whether this relationship extends to nicotine vaping is unclear. The current study assessed bidirectional associations between four types of MEBs and nicotine vaping among young adults. Methods 1,303 young adults (20.5 ± 2.3 years; 63 % female) from a public, urban university were recruited and completed online surveys at six-month intervals from spring 2021 (W1) to spring 2023 (W5). Past 30-day nicotine vaping and four types of MEBs (susceptibility to external cues, emotional eating, routine restraint, and compensatory restraint) were evaluated. Results Longitudinal cross-lagged models examined the bidirectional relationships between past 30-day nicotine vaping and each type of MEB across five waves. Nicotine vaping predicted both susceptibility to external cues (β = 0.10, p <.05; Wave 2 to 3) and emotional eating (β = 0.08, p <.05; Wave 1 to 2). A significant cross-lag regression (Wave 4 to 5) showed nicotine vaping predicted to routine restraint (β = 0.08, p <.05), and routine restraint predicted to nicotine vaping (β = 0.12, p <.05). Conclusions Results indicated that nicotine vaping predicted MEBs; however, the type of MEB differed across waves, which may have been due to the COVID-19 pandemic context. Nicotine vaping predicted to MEBs reflecting vulnerability to the external environment and emotion regulation during a period of heightened restrictions, whereas later when pandemic restrictions had ceased nicotine vaping predicted only to routine restraint. Integrating research and practice on nicotine vaping and MEBs may inform public health efforts to decrease co-occurring health-risks in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Isabella Lanza
- Department of Human Development, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Kailey Waller
- Department of Human Development, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Lalaine Sevillano
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
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Hochgraf AK, Fosco GM, Lanza ST. Comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping among young adults in college: a daily diary study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38713866 PMCID: PMC11540870 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2346354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Participants: Participants were 121 college students (M age = 20.51 years; 75.0% female; 75.2% White) who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Methods: Logistic regression was used to test links between baseline trait body dissatisfaction and vaping frequency across 14 days. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test within-person, daily links between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Results: Each additional unit of trait body dissatisfaction increased the odds of frequent vaping by 33% (95% CI [1.00, 1.77]) and daily vaping by 54% (95% CI [1.10, 2.15]). Within-person, daily associations between body dissatisfaction and vaping were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Body dissatisfaction may increase college students' risk for engaging in frequent nicotine vaping. However, daily changes in body dissatisfaction may not predict same- or next-day vaping. College students with body dissatisfaction may benefit from nicotine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Hochgraf
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie T. Lanza
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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La Rosa GRM, Qureshi MA, Frittitta L, Anastasi E, Polosa R. Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Substitution on Body Weight Status: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56324. [PMID: 38530329 PMCID: PMC11005425 DOI: 10.2196/56324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain following smoking cessation is a well-documented concern, often attributed to the absence of nicotine's metabolic influence. The adoption of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) has been used to achieve smoking cessation, with claims of aiding weight control. However, existing reviews present conflicting conclusions on ENDS' impact on weight status, necessitating a rigorous evaluation. OBJECTIVE We aim to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the actual impact of ENDS on weight status in individuals who have ceased or reduced conventional smoking. The primary goal is to provide clinicians with evidence-based insights into the potential effects of ENDS use as a smoking substitute on weight control. METHODS Adhering to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines, our systematic review will analyze randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, clinical trials (quasi-experimental), and prospective or retrospective cohort studies on the weight status effects of ENDS among individuals who have either quit or reduced smoking. Searches will include PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, covering the period from 2010 to January 2024. A gray literature search and supplementary searches will be performed. Data will be extracted independently by 2 reviewers and quality assessments will be conducted concurrently. Quality assessments will use Joanna Briggs Institute tools, 2020 version, along with bias assessments for internal validity and reporting bias based on the Catalogue of Bias. The included studies will be examined for any internal data reporting discrepancies by using Puljak's checklist. Meta-analysis and subgroup analyses (ie, general ENDS usage, ENDS use coupled with a reduction in smoking exceeding 50%, and exclusive ENDS use for achieving smoking cessation) are planned. Certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. RESULTS The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023494974) and the entire systematic review is expected to be completed by April 2024. The main goal of this review is to retrieve all current human research studies investigating the influence of ENDS on weight management among individuals who have quit or reduced smoking. Furthermore, the review will assess the quality of these studies and examine potential biases to identify the most dependable evidence available. Dissemination strategies will include traditional journal publications, social media announcements, and a white paper. The latter, available for download and distributed at conferences, aims to reach a broad audience, including clinicians and ENDS users. CONCLUSIONS The review will address the importance of informing health care professionals and patients about the current and robust evidence regarding the effects of transitioning to ENDS for smoking cessation on weight status. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023494974; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=494974. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/56324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Anastasi
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction, University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Lee DS, Tackett AP, Naya C, Harlow AF, Mason TB. Trajectories of body mass index and combustible and electronic cigarette use across adolescence: Findings from the PATH study. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107901. [PMID: 37925843 PMCID: PMC10765952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between empirically-generated body mass index (BMI) trajectories and risk of current use of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes across adolescence were examined using longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. METHODS The PATH study is an ongoing annual longitudinal population-based study of adolescents. We utilized Waves 1-4 conducted from 2013 to 2017. Adolescents completed self-reported surveys of their height, weight, and current tobacco use at Waves 1-4 and their tobacco weight control beliefs at Waves 1-2. RESULTS Using latent growth mixture modeling, six trajectories of BMI were identified. The largest group ("normal weight increasing;" n = 4,858; 86.6 %), which was used as the comparator in subsequent analyses, consisted of adolescents ages 12-17 who were normal weight at Wave 1 with a significant increase in BMI across Waves 2--4. The "overweight early increasing," "overweight late increasing," and "obesity stable" classes had greater likelihood of current combustible cigarette use during the study compared to the "normal weight increasing class." The "overweight early increasing," "overweight late increasing," and "overweight increasing then decreasing" classes showed elevated risk for e-cigarette use during the study. Compared to those in the "normal weight increasing" class, those in the "overweight increasing then decreasing" and "obesity stable" classes had greater weight control beliefs at Wave 1 and those in the "obesity stable" class had greater weight control beliefs at Wave 2. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of weight trajectories and weight control beliefs by tobacco product use across adolescence and the need for mechanistic and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick S Lee
- Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Naya
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa F Harlow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Osman A, Petrescu GS, Tuculină MJ, Dascălu IT, Popescu C, Enescu AȘ, Dăguci C, Cucu AP, Nistor C, Carsote M. Metabolic and Other Endocrine Elements with Regard to Lifestyle Choices: Focus on E-Cigarettes. Metabolites 2023; 13:1192. [PMID: 38132874 PMCID: PMC10745117 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to overview recent data on metabolic/endocrine disorders with respect to e-cigarette (e-cig) use. This is a narrative review; we researched English, full-length, original articles on PubMed (between January 2020 and August 2023) by using different keywords in the area of metabolic/endocrine issues. We only included original clinical studies (n = 22) and excluded case reports and experimental studies. 3 studies (N1 = 22,385; N2 = 600,046; N3 = 5101) addressed prediabetes risk; N1 showed a 1.57-fold increased risk of dual vs. never smokers, a higher risk that was not confirmed in N2 (based on self-reported assessments). Current non-smokers (N1) who were dual smokers still have an increased odd of prediabetes (a 1.27-fold risk increase). N3 and another 2 studies addressed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM): a lower prevalence of DM among dual users (3.3%) vs. cigarette smoking (5.9%) was identified. 6 studies investigated obesity profile (4 of them found positive correlations with e-cig use). One study (N4 = 373,781) showed that e-cig use was associated with obesity in the general population (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.3-2.1, p < 0.05); another (N5 = 7505, 0.82% were e-cig-only) showed that obesity had a higher prevalence in dual smokers (51%) vs. cig-only (41.2%, p < 0.05), while another (N6 = 3055) found that female (not male) e-cig smokers had higher body mass index vs. non-smokers. Data on metabolic syndrome (MS) are provided for dual smokers (n = 2): one case-control study found that female dual smokers had higher odds of MS than non-smokers. The need for awareness with respect to potential e-cig--associated medical issues should be part of modern medicine, including daily anamnesis. Whether the metabolic/endocrine frame is part of the general picture is yet to be determined. Surveillance protocols should help clinicians to easily access the medical background of one subject, including this specific matter of e-cig with/without conventional cigarettes smoking and other habits/lifestyle elements, especially when taking into consideration metabolism anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Osman
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Jana Tuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Anca-Ștefania Enescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Constantin Dăguci
- Department of Oro-Dental Prevention, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca-Pati Cucu
- PhD Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4—Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
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