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Suárez-Navarro J, Moreno-Reyes A, Gascó C, Alonso M, Puertas F. Gamma spectrometry and LabSOCS-calculated efficiency in the radiological characterisation of quadrangular and cubic specimens of hardened portland cement paste. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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González ER, Grad GB, Bonzi EV. Influence of the sample density in γ spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:86-90. [PMID: 31280112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of γ activities of radionuclides in the environment is of great interest and good accuracy is required in the results of these measurements. However, one of the main sources of error in this technology is the difference in the densities of the samples, because the effects of self-absorption, within the samples, become significant. We have produced Monte Carlo simulations for samples with different densities and for photons with energies in the range of interest, obtaining the peak efficiency as a function of density and energy. We fitted it to obtain a two-dimensional mathematical representation of this function, so we can use this fitted function saving the time of Monte Carlo simulation. To verify the validity of our proposal, the natural radioactivity of soil samples were determined using a GeHP solid state detector and very good results were obtained.
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Alsaffar MS, Jaafar MS, Kabir NA, Ahmad N. Distribution of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in rice plant components and physico-chemical effects of soil on their transportation to grains. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nisar Ahmad
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, 11800, Malaysia
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Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Cuesta E, Lozano R, Miguel ES, Casas-Ruiz M, Bolívar J. Calibration of a low background gas-flow proportional counter to estimate 234Th activity in coastal waters. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 118:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Al Attar L, Safia B, Ghani BA, Al Abdulah J. Recovery of NORM from scales generated by oil extraction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 153:149-155. [PMID: 26773509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scales, containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), are a major problem in oil production that lead to costly remediation and disposal programmes. In view of environmental protection, radio and chemical characterisation is an essential step prior to waste treatment. This study focuses on developing of a protocol to recover (226)Ra and (210)Pb from scales produced by petroleum industry. X-ray diffractograms of the scales indicated the presence of barite-strontium (Ba0.75Sr0.25SO4) and hokutolite (Ba0.69Pb0.31SO4) as main minerals. Quartz, galena and Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2 or sphalerite and iron oxide were found in minor quantities. Incineration to 600 °C followed by enclosed-digestion and acid-treatment gave complete digestion. Using (133)Ba and (210)Pb tracers as internal standards gave recovery ranged 87-91% for (226)Ra and ca. 100% for (210)Pb. Radium was finally dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid, while (210)Pb dissolved in the former solution as well as in 8 M nitric acid. Dissolving the scales would provide better estimation of their radionuclides contents, facilitate the determination of their chemical composition, and make it possible to recycle NORM wastes in terms of radionuclides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al Attar
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria.
| | - Bassam Safia
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
| | - Basem Abdul Ghani
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
| | - Jamal Al Abdulah
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
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Bruggeman M, Verheyen L, Vidmar T, Liu B. Assessing sample attenuation parameters for use in low-energy efficiency transfer in gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:547-550. [PMID: 26688363 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a numerical fitting method for transmission data that outputs an equivalent sample composition. This output is used as input to a generalised efficiency transfer model based on the EFFTRAN software integrated in a LIMS. The procedural concept allows choosing between efficiency transfer with a predefined sample composition or with an experimentally determined composition based on a transmission measurement. The method can be used for simultaneous quantification of low-energy gamma emitters like (210)Pb, (241)Am, (234)Th in typical environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bruggeman
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - L Verheyen
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - T Vidmar
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - B Liu
- Ecoles des mines de Nantes, Rue Alfred Kastler 4, Nantes 44300, France
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8
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Derivation of an efficiency-calibration simulation for a well-type HPGe detector using the Monte Carlo approach and analytical techniques. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Sartandel SJ, Bara SV, Chinnaesakki S, Jha SK, Tripathi RM. Radiological measurement of phosphate rock and phosphogypsum from fertilizer industries in India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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A semi-empirical approach to analyze the activities of cylindrical radioactive samples using gamma energies from 185 to 1764 keV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bolívar JP, García-Tenorio R, Mosqueda F, Gázquez MJ, López-Coto I, Adame JA, Vaca F. Occupational exposures in two industrial plants devoted to the production of ammonium phosphate fertilisers. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:199-212. [PMID: 23295410 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to fill a gap in the open literature, occupational exposures and activity concentrations have been assessed in two NORM industrial plants, located in the south-west of Spain, devoted to the production of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilisers. The annual effective doses received by the workers from these plants are clearly below 1 mSv yr(-1) and the contribution due to external radiation is similar to that due to inhalation. The contribution to the maximum effective doses due to inhalation of particulate matter has been estimated to be about 0.12 mSv yr(-1), while the (222)Rn concentrations inside the plants are of no concern. Consequently, no additional actions or radiological protection measures need to be taken to decrease the natural radiation received by the workers in these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bolívar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, E-21071, Huelva, Spain.
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Sartandel SJ, Bara SV, Chinnaesakki S, Tripathi RM, Puranik VD. Measurement of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in beach sand minerals using HPGe based gamma-ray spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Sartandel SJ, Jha SK, Puranik VD. Constrains in gamma spectrometry analysis of fallout 137Cs in coastal marine environment of Arabian sea in India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Ebaid YY. On the use of reference materials in gamma-ray spectrometric efficiency calibration for environmental samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-7377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Noureddine A, Benkrid M, Maoui R, Menacer M, Boudjenoun R, Kadi-hanifi M, Lee SH, Povinec PP. Radionuclide tracing of water masses and processes in the water column and sediment in the Algerian Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2008; 99:1224-1232. [PMID: 18450344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Caesium-137 and (239,240)PU were analysed in the water column along the Algerian coast. The (137)Cs activity concentration in surface water increased from the west to the east from 1.6 to 3.3 mBq L(-1), documenting a presence of Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) in the region. Higher concentrations observed in deep waters may be due to an intrusion of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW), which has been carrying higher levels of (137)Cs from Chernobyl accident. The (239,240)Pu sub-surface concentration peaked at about 250 m water depth as a result of biogeochemical processes in the water column. The observed (239,240)Pu/(137)Cs activity ratio at the surface (0.003) was significantly lower than that in global fallout (0.04). This decrease exceeds that expected from radioactive decay of (137)Cs, and confirms that Pu due to its adsorption on sinking particles is more effectively removed from surface layers than is (137)Cs. An increase of the (239,240)Pu/(137)Cs activity ratio with depth suggests that (239,240)Pu, similarly as (137)Cs, should be also transported by advection to maintain the observed ratios in deep waters. An intrusion of LIW may enhance therefore both the (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu concentrations in deep waters. The average (238)Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio in seawater was 0.03+/-0.02, confirming a global fallout origin of Pu in the Algerian Basin. Caesium-137 and (239,240)Pu inventories in the water column were estimated to be from 2.7+/-0.5 kBq m(-2) to 3.8+/-0.7 kBq m(-2), and from 13.8+/-2.6 Bq m(-2) to 41+/-7B qm(-2), respectively. The (137)Cs massic activities in surface sediment were almost constant, the average activity was 9.0+/-0.8 Bq kg(-1). Sedimentation rates obtained using the (210)Pb method were from 0.1 to 0.7 cm y(-1), and resulting penetration depths of (137)Cs in the sediment cores were from 15 to over 40 cm. The (137)Cs peaks found in the sediment cores were associated with the Chernobyl accident (1986) and global fallout (1964). The (137)Cs inventories in the sediment were increasing from the west (180 Bq m(-2)) to the east (350 Bq m(-2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noureddine
- Laboratoire des Etudes d'Impact Radiologique, Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d'Alger, Alger-Gare, 16000 Alger, Algeria
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Khater A, Ebaid Y. A simplified gamma-ray self-attenuation correction in bulk samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:407-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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