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Fu H, Chen Z, Josephson L, Li Z, Liang SH. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligand Development for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: Challenges and Opportunities for Radiotracer Targeting N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA), and Kainate Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:403-419. [PMID: 30110164 PMCID: PMC6393217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system. iGluRs exist as three main groups: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), and kainate receptors. The past decades have witnessed a remarkable development of PET tracers targeting different iGluRs including NMDARs and AMPARs, and several of the tracers have advanced to clinical imaging studies. Here, we assess the recent development of iGluR PET probes, focusing on tracer design, brain kinetics, and performance in PET imaging studies. Furthermore, this review will not only present challenges in the tracer development but also provide novel approaches in conjunction with most recent drug discovery efforts on these iGluRs, including subtype-selective NMDAR and transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein modulators and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of AMPARs. These approaches, if successful as PET tracers, may provide fundamental knowledge to understand the roles of iGluR receptors under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology, Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Fuchigami T, Fujimoto N, Haradahira T, Nojiri Y, Okauchi T, Maeda J, Suhara T, Yamamoto F, Nakayama M, Maeda M, Mukai T. Synthesis and characterization of 11 C-labeled benzyl amidine derivatives as PET radioligands for GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:1095-1105. [PMID: 30375667 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play fundamental roles in learning and memory, although they are also associated with various brain disorders. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated three 11 C-labeled N-benzyl amidine derivatives 2-[11 C]methoxybenzyl) cinnamamidine ([11 C]CBA), N-(2-[11 C]methoxybenzyl)-2-naphthamidine ([11 C]NBA), and N-(2-[11 C]methoxybenzyl)quinoline-3-carboxamidine ([11 C]QBA) as PET radioligands for these receptors. The 11 C-benzyl amidines were synthesized via conventional methylation of corresponding des-methyl precursors with [11 C]CH3 I. In vitro binding characteristics were examined in brain sagittal sections using various GluN2B modulators and off-target ligands. Further, in vivo brain distribution studies were performed in normal mice. The 11 C-labeled benzyl amidines showed high-specific binding to the GluN2B subunit at in vitro. In particular, the quinoline derivative [11 C]QBA had the best binding properties in terms of high-brain localization to GluN2B-rich regions and specificity to the GluN2B subunit. Conversely, these 11 C-radioligands showed the brain distributions were inconsistent with GluN2B expression in biodistribution experiments. The majority of the radiolabeled compounds were identified as metabolized forms of which amido derivatives seemed to be the major species. Although these 11 C-ligands had high-specific binding to the GluN2B subunit, significant improvement in metabolic stability is necessary for successful positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the GluN2B subunit of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terushi Haradahira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nojiri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Okauchi
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Maeda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Mukai
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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Ruan PP, Li HH, Liu X, Zhang T, Zuo SX, Zhu C, Ye LW. Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Amidines through Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reaction of Azides with Ynamides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9119-9125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hang-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Te Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shao-Xuan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Bansode P, Jadhav J, Kurane R, Choudhari P, Bhatia M, Khanapure S, Salunkhe R, Rashinkar G. Potentially antibreast cancer enamidines via azide–alkyne–amine coupling and their molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially antibreast cancer enamidines were synthesized and evaluated against human breast cancer cell line MCF7 displaying GI50values lower than doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prafulla Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy
- Kolhapur
- India
| | - Manish Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy
- Kolhapur
- India
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Wang J, Lu P, Wang Y. Copper-catalyzed multi-component synthesis of acrylamidines and benzoimidazoles. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamidines were synthesized via the copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of propargyl acetates, sulfonyl azides and amines, which are readily accessible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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Chauhan DP, Varma SJ, Vijeta A, Banerjee P, Talukdar P. A 1,3-amino group migration route to form acrylamidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 50:323-5. [PMID: 24233059 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel 1,3-amino group migration strategy for the synthesis of acrylamidines is presented. Cu(i) catalyzed reaction of N,N-disubstituted propargylamine with tosylazide generates a highly reactive ketenimine intermediate which is trapped by a tethered amino group leading to the rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Pratapsinh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Mendeleev Block, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
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Yan X, Liao J, Lu Y, Liu J, Zeng Y, Cai Q. Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Acrylamidines from Isocyanides, Diazo Compounds, and Imines. Org Lett 2013; 15:2478-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4009552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinxi Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Youlin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China, and Key State Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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Bauman A, Piel M, Höhnemann S, Krauss A, Jansen M, Solbach C, Dannhardt G, Rösch F. Synthesis, labelling and evaluation of hydantoin-substituted indole carboxylic acids as potential ligands for positron emission tomography imaging of the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bauman
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - M. Piel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - S. Höhnemann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - A. Krauss
- Institute of Pharmacy; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Staudingerweg 5; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - M. Jansen
- Institute of Pharmacy; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Staudingerweg 5; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - C. Solbach
- Radiopharmacy, PET Center; University of Tübingen; Röntgenweg 15; D-72076; Tübingen; Germany
| | - G. Dannhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Staudingerweg 5; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
| | - F. Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2; D-55128; Mainz; Germany
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Labas R, Sobrio F, Bramoullé Y, Hérard AS, Guillermier M, Hantraye P, Dollé F, Barré L. Radiosynthesis of N-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]-Nâ²-(2-[11C]oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)oxamide, a NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonist. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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