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Marjanovic-Painter B, Kleynhans J, Zeevaart JR, Rohwer E, Ebenhan T. A decade of ubiquicidin development for PET imaging of infection: A systematic review. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108307. [PMID: 36435145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquicidin is a peptide fragment with selective binding to negatively charged bacterial cell membranes. Besides its earlier labelling with gamma emitting radionuclides, it has been labelled with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radionuclides in the last decade for imaging infection and distinguishing infectious disease from sterile inflammation. This systematic review aims to evaluate the technology readiness level of PET based ubiquicidin radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS Two independent researchers reviewed all articles and abstracts pertaining ubiquicidin and PET imaging that are currently available. Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed/Medline were used in the search. Upon completion of the literature search all articles and abstracts were evaluated and duplicates were excluded. All non-PET articles as well as review articles without new data were deemed ineligible. RESULTS From a total of 17 papers and 10 abstracts the studies were grouped into development, preclinical and clinical studies. Development was published in 15/17 (88%) publications and 6/10 (60%) abstracts, preclinical applications in 9/17 (53%) publications and 1/10 (10%) of abstracts. Finally, clinical studies made up 6/17 (35%) of full publications and 4/10 (40%) of the available abstracts. Development results were the most abundant. All the findings in the different areas of development of ubiquicidin as PET radiopharmaceutical are summarized in this paper. CONCLUSION Labelling procedures are generally uncomplicated and relatively fast and there are indications of adequate product stability. The production of PET radiopharmaceuticals based on UBI will therefore not be a barrier for clinical introduction of this technology. Systematization and unification of criteria for preclinical imaging and larger clinical trials are needed to ensure the translation of this radiopharmaceutical into the clinic. Therefore a conclusion with regards to the clinical relevance of ubiquicidin based PET is not yet possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Boddeti DK, Kumar V. Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTA-Ubiquicidin (29-41) for imaging Staphylococcus aureus (Staph A) infection and turpentine-induced inflammation in a preclinical setting. World J Nucl Med 2021; 20:266-272. [PMID: 34703395 PMCID: PMC8488884 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic antimicrobial peptide fragment, 99mTc-Ubiquicidin 29–41, is shown to be sensitive and also specific for imaging bacterial infections. We undertook this study to explore the advantage of using a positron emission agent, 68Ga-DOTA-Ubiquicidin 29–41 (68Ga-DOTA-UBI), for detecting Staph-A infection in an animal model, and also evaluated its ability to distinguish a turpentine-induced sterile inflammation in an animal model. Pure Ga-68 was freshly eluted from a 68Ge/68Ga generator (IGG-100). DOTA-UBI (50 μg) was ra diolabeled with pure Ga-68 (500MBq) by incubating the reaction mixture at pH 4.5 for 10 min, 95°C. Rats were infected with Staph-A at the hind leg joint of rats to form bacterial abscess. Sterile inflammation was induced in the right thigh muscle by injecting 200 μl of 100% turpentine oil. Rats were injected intravenously with 10–15 MBq of tracer, and images were acquired at different time intervals with Siemens (Biograph mCT) positron emission tomography computed tomography scanner. The early images at 6 min postinjection clearly indicated mild uptake of the agent corresponding to the infection site, which increased dramatically at 20, 30, and 60 min postinjection. The target to background ratio (T/B) increased significantly over the same time period of study (1.6, 4.2, and 6.1, respectively). There was a mild uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-UBI at the site corresponding to sterile inflammation at 6 min postinjection, which was rapidly washed off as seen at 25 and 45 min images. The images indicated fast clearance of the agent from liver and soft tissues within 6 min. Control rats showed similar biodistribution of activity. The mild uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-UBI at the corresponding Staph-A infection lesion and very fast kinetics of clearance from the blood pool and soft tissues suggested a very high clinical potential for this agent. The absence of uptake of the agent at sterile inflammation site suggests that the agent may be useful in distinguishing infection from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Boddeti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Westmead Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead.,Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Westmead Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
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3
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Shahzadi SK, Qadir MA, Shabnam S, Javed M. 99mTc-amoxicillin: A novel radiopharmaceutical for infection imaging. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Dutta J, Naicker T, Ebenhan T, Kruger HG, Arvidsson PI, Govender T. Synthetic approaches to radiochemical probes for imaging of bacterial infections. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:287-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Мokrozub VV, Lazarenko LM, Sichel LM, Babenko LP, Lytvyn PM, Demchenko OM, Melnichenko YO, Boyko NV, Biavati B, DiGioia D, Bubnov RV, Spivak MY. The role of beneficial bacteria wall elasticity in regulating innate immune response. EPMA J 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 26110044 PMCID: PMC4479350 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-015-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics have great potential to contribute to development of healthy dietary regimes, preventive care, and an integrated approach to immunity-related disease management. The bacterial wall is a dynamic entity, depending on many components and playing an essential role in modulating immune response. The impact of cell wall elasticity on the beneficial effects of probiotic strains has not been sufficiently studied. The aim was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria strains on phagocytic system cells (macrophages) as related to bacterial wall elasticity, estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS We conducted studies on Balb/c line mice 18-20 g in weight using lyophilized strains of LAB-Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, and bifidobacteria-Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB. We cultivated the macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice individually with the strains of LAB and bifidobacteria and evaluated their effect on macrophages, oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, nitric oxide production, and immunoregulatory cytokines. We used AFM scanning to estimate bacterial cell wall elasticity. RESULTS All strains had a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages and ability to produce NO/NO2 in vitro. Lactobacilli strains increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ in vitro. The AFM demonstrated different cell wall elasticity levels in various strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. The rigidity of the cell walls among lactobacilli was distributed as follows: Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279 > Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 > Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281; among the strains of bifidobacteria: B. animalis VKB > B. animalis VKL. Probiotic strain survival in the macrophages depended on the bacterial cell wall elasticity and on the time of their joint cultivation. CONCLUSION LAB and bifidobacteria strains stimulate immune-modulatory cytokines and active oxygen and nitrogen oxide compound production in macrophages. Strains with a more elastic cell wall according to AFM data demonstrated higher resistance to intracellular digestion in macrophages and higher level of their activation. AFM might be considered as a fast and accurate method to assess parameters of probiotic strain cell wall to predict their immune-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V. Мokrozub
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M. Lazarenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Liubov M. Sichel
- />Pure Research Products, LLC, 6107, Chelsea Manor Court, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - Lidia P. Babenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Petro M. Lytvyn
- />Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | | | - Yulia O. Melnichenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Nadiya V. Boyko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Bruno Biavati
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Bologna University, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Diana DiGioia
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Bologna University, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
- />Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya Spivak
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
- />LCL «Diaprof», Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Bunschoten A, Welling MM, Termaat MF, Sathekge M, van Leeuwen FWB. Development and Prospects of Dedicated Tracers for the Molecular Imaging of Bacterial Infections. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1971-89. [PMID: 24200346 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bunschoten
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. Welling
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. F. Termaat
- Department
of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F. W. B. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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New radiosynthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroacetamido-d-glucopyranose and its evaluation as a bacterial infections imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:807-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qaiser Shah S, Rafiullah Khan M. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of the 99mTc-tricarbonyl moxifloxacin dithiocarbamate complex as a potential Staphylococcus aureus infection radiotracer. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:686-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sachin K, Kim EM, Cheong SJ, Jeong HJ, Lim ST, Sohn MH, Kim DW. Synthesis of N₄'-[¹⁸F]fluoroalkylated ciprofloxacin as a potential bacterial infection imaging agent for PET study. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2282-8. [PMID: 21049983 DOI: 10.1021/bc1002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses and evaluation of fluoroalkylated ciprofloxacin analogues are described. Among these analogues, N₄'-3-fluoropropylciprofloxacin (16) showed the most efficient antibacterial activity against E. coli strains (DH5α and TOP10) and a high binding affinity for DNA gyrase of bacteria. To develop bacteria-specific infection imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET), no-carrier-added N₄-3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropylciprofloxacin ([¹⁸F]16) was prepared in two steps from N₄-3-methanesufonyloxypropylciprofloxacin, resulting in a 40% radiochemical yield (decay corrected for 100 min) via the tert-alcohol media radiofluorination protocol with high radiochemical purity (> 99%) as well as high specific activity (149 ± 75 GBq/μmol). The agent was stable (> 90%), as shown by an in vitro human serum stability assay. A bacterial uptake and blocking study of [¹⁸F]16 using authentic compound 16 in TOP10 cells demonstrated its high specific bacterial uptake. The results suggest that this radiotracer holds promise as a useful bacterial infection radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalme Sachin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Korea
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10
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Gemmel F, Rijk PC, Collins JMP, Parlevliet T, Stumpe KD, Palestro CJ. Expanding role of 18F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose PET and PET/CT in spinal infections. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 19:540-51. [PMID: 20052505 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-1251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(18)F-fluoro-D -deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([(18)F]-FDG PET) is successfully employed as a molecular imaging technique in oncology, and has become a promising imaging modality in the field of infection. The non-invasive diagnosis of spinal infections (SI) has been a challenge for physicians for many years. Morphological imaging modalities such as conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are techniques frequently used in patients with SI. However, these methods are sometimes non-specific, and difficulties in differentiating infectious from degenerative end-plate abnormalities or postoperative changes can occur. Moreover, in contrast to CT and MRI, FDG uptake in PET is not hampered by metallic implant-associated artifacts. Conventional radionuclide imaging tests, such as bone scintigraphy, labeled leukocyte, and gallium scanning, suffer from relatively poor spatial resolution and lack sensitivity, specificity, or both. Initial data show that [(18)F]-FDG PET is an emerging imaging technique for diagnosing SI. [(18)F]-FDG PET appears to be especially helpful in those cases in which MRI cannot be performed or is non-diagnostic, and as an adjunct in patients in whom the diagnosis is inconclusive. The article reviews the currently available literature on [(18)F]-FDG PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Gemmel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, KCL, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Borniastraat 34, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Salber D, Gunawan J, Langen KJ, Fricke E, Klauth P, Burchert W, Zijlstra S. Comparison of 99mTc- and 18F-ubiquicidin autoradiography to anti-Staphylococcus aureus immunofluorescence in rat muscle abscesses. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:995-9. [PMID: 18483088 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED 99mTc-ubiquicidin (UBI) 29-41 is under clinical evaluation for discrimination between bacterial infection and unspecific inflammation. We compared the distribution of 99mTc-UBI 29-41, the potential PET tracers 18F-UBI 29-41 and 18F-UBI 28-41, and 3H-deoxyglucose (DG) in rat muscle abscesses to that of anti-Staphylococcus aureus immunofluorescent imaging. METHODS Calf abscesses were induced in 15 CDF-Fischer rats after inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. One to 6 d later, either 18F-UBI 29-41 and 3H-DG (n = 5) or 18F-UBI 28-41 and 3H-DG (n = 6) or 99mTc-UBI 29-41 and 3H-DG (n = 4) were injected simultaneously. Dual-tracer autoradiography of the abscess area was compared with the distribution of bacteria and macrophages. RESULTS The UBI derivates exhibited increased uptake in the abscess area that partly matched 3H-DG uptake and macrophage infiltration but showed no congruity with areas that were highly positive for bacteria. CONCLUSION A specific binding of UBI derivatives to Staphylococcus aureus in vivo could not be confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Salber
- C. & O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Brouwer CPJM, Wulferink M, Welling MM. The Pharmacology of Radiolabeled Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:1633-51. [PMID: 17786940 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are good candidates for new diagnostics and antimicrobial agents. They can rapidly kill a broad range of microbes and have additional activities that have impact on the quality and effectiveness of innate responses and inflammation. Furthermore, the challenge of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics and the unique mode of action of antimicrobial peptides have made such peptides promising candidates for the development of a new class of antibiotics. This review focuses on antimicrobial peptides as a topic for molecular imaging, infection detection, treatment monitoring and additionally, displaying microbicidal activities. A scintigraphic approach to studying the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial peptides in laboratory animals has been developed. The peptides were labeled with technetium-99m and, after intravenous injection into laboratory animals, scintigraphy allowed real-time, whole body imaging and quantitative biodistribution studies of delivery of the peptides to the various body compartments. Antimicrobial peptides rapidly accumulated at sites of infection but not at sites of sterile inflammation, indicating that radiolabeled cationic antimicrobial peptides could be used for the detection of infected sites. As the number of viable micro-organisms determines the rate of accumulation of these peptides, radiolabeled antimicrobial peptides enabled to determine the efficacy of antibacterial therapy in animals to be monitored as well to quantify the delivery of antimicrobial peptides to the site of infection. The scintigraphic approach provides to be a reliable method for investigating the pharmacokinetics of small cationic antimicrobial peptides in animals and offers perspective for diagnosis of infections, monitoring antimicrobial therapy, and most important, alternative antimicrobial treatment infections with multi-drug resistant micro-organisms in humans.
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Signore A, D’Alessandria C, Lazzeri E, Dierckx R. Can we produce an image of bacteria with radiopharmaceuticals? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1051-5. [PMID: 18398606 PMCID: PMC2386159 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Welling M, Stokkel M, Balter J, Sarda-Mantel L, Meulemans A, Le Guludec D. The many roads to infection imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:848-9. [PMID: 18188558 PMCID: PMC2668546 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mick Welling
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, Zuid-Holland 2300 rc The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Stokkel
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Balter
- Centro Investigaciones Nucleares, University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Beaujon, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Alain Meulemans
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Beaujon, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Le Guludec
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Beaujon, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
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Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. Synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate, an agent for labeling proteins and peptides with 18F. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1655-61. [PMID: 17487148 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the step-by-step procedure for the synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), an agent widely used for labeling proteins and peptides with the positron-emitting radionuclide 18F. The protocols for the synthesis of unlabeled SFB and the quaternary salt precursor 4-formyl-N,N,N-trimethyl benzenaminium trifluoromethane sulfonate also are described. For the [18F]SFB synthesis, the quaternary salt is first converted to 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde. Oxidation of the latter provides 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid, which is converted to [18F]SFB by treatment with N,N-disuccinimidyl carbonate. Using this method, [18F]SFB can be synthesized in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 30%-35% and a specific radioactivity of 11-12 GBq micromol(-1). The total synthesis and purification time required is about 80 min, starting from delivery of the [18F]fluoride. [18F]SFB remains an optimal reagent for labeling proteins and peptides with 18F because of good conjugation yields and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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17
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Walker RC, Jones-Jackson LB, Martin W, Habibian MR, Delbeke D. New imaging tools for the diagnosis of infection. Future Microbiol 2007; 2:527-54. [DOI: 10.2217/17460913.2.5.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection imaging became widespread in 1971 with the release of 67Ga citrate. Multiphase skeletal scintigraphy and radiolabeled white blood cells (WBCs) have since become the most widespread clinically used agents for the imaging of infection. A wide variety of other radiolabeled probes are under investigation, based on antibodies, cytokines, assorted proteins and other molecules, alone or in various combinations. However, these latter agents, with a few exceptions, are not routinely used clinically. Radiolabeled ciprofloxacin represents the first attempt to develop an infection-specific imaging agent (most infection-imaging probes localized nonspecifically to inflammation as well), but it has not proven superior to radiolabeled WBCs or 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) PET. Because of the ability to combine exquisite anatomic detail with focal uptake of 18F-FDG, PET–computed tomography has achieved great success in the detection and localization of infection, including in clinically adverse conditions. Despite these advances, at this time an infection-specific imaging agent does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Walker
- Associate Professor Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675, USA
| | - Laurie B Jones-Jackson
- Associate Professor Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675, USA
| | - William Martin
- Associate Professor Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675, USA
| | - M Reza Habibian
- Associate Professor Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675, USA
| | - Dominique Delbeke
- Professor Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675, USA
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18
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Brouwer CPJM, Bogaards SJP, Wulferink M, Velders MP, Welling MM. Synthetic peptides derived from human antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin accumulate at sites of infections and eradicate (multi-drug resistant) Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Peptides 2006; 27:2585-91. [PMID: 16814900 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence and antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been widely recognized as an evolutionary preserved part of the innate immune system. Based on evidence in animal models and humans, AMPs are now positioned as novel anti-infective agents. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of ubiquicidin and small synthetic fragments thereof towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as a high priority target for novel antibiotics. In vitro killing of MRSA by synthetic peptides derived from the alpha-helix or beta-sheet domains of the human cationic peptide ubiquicidin (UBI 1-59), allowed selection of AMPs for possible treatment of MRSA infections. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed for the entire peptide UBI 1-59 and for synthetic fragments comprising amino acids 31-38. The availability, chemical synthesis opportunities, and size of these small peptides, combined with their strong antimicrobial activity towards MRSA make these compounds promising candidates for antimicrobial therapy and detection of infections in man.
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