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Melendez-Alafort L, Ferro-Flores G, De Nardo L, Ocampo-García B, Bolzati C. Zirconium immune-complexes for PET molecular imaging: Current status and prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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2
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Production Review of Accelerator-Based Medical Isotopes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165294. [PMID: 36014532 PMCID: PMC9415084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactor-based medical isotopes is fragile, which has meant supply shortages from time to time. This paper reviews alternative production methods in the form of cyclotrons, linear accelerators and neutron generators. Finally, the status of the production of medical isotopes in China is described.
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Bubenshchikov VB, Larenkov AA, Kodina GE. Preparation of 89Zr Solutions for Radiopharmaceuticals Synthesis. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362221030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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5
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Mansel A, Franke K. Production of no-carrier-added 89Zr at an 18 MeV cyclotron, its purification and use in investigations in solvent extraction. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe chemical separation of zirconium from lanthanides by liquid–liquid extraction is challenging but critical for medical and technological applications. Using the example of 89Zr, we optimize the liquid–liquid-extraction process by means of the radiotracer technique. We produced 89Zr by proton irradiation of a metallic yttrium target at a cyclotron. The purification of the radionuclide was performed by a UTEVA resin. 89Zr was separated in no-carrier-added form in a sulfuric acid solution. 89Zr was successfully used in solvent extraction tests with calixarenes for the separation of zirconium from lanthanides. This reaction is suitable for the efficient extraction and purification of lanthanides.
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Kandil SAA, Scherer UW. FLUKA simulation yields in a comparison with theoretical and experimental yields relevant to 89Zr produced in the 89Y(p,n) reaction. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The high importance of zirconium-89 (T1/2 = 78.41 h) is related to its applications in medical imaging. It can be produced at low-energy cyclotrons by the reaction 89Y(p,n)89Zr. There exist several publications on its production at low and intermediate energies but there is discrepancy with simulated data. In this study we considered the experimental parameters for four different types of yttrium foil targets reported in literature. The experimental parameters considered were the target geometry, beam profile, and angle of the target relative to the beam during irradiation. The Monte-Carlo code FLUKA was used to calculate production yields. The resulting values obtained by FLUKA from pencil beam or spread energy beam were compared to the theoretical yields obtained from the excitation function and the experimental ones. The FLUKA prediction for 89Z-yield reached ≈50 MBq/μA · h which agrees to a high extent with experimental and theoretical yields reported for the different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Abd-Allah Kandil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Radiochemistry , Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim, Germany
- Cyclotron Facility, Nuclear Research Centre , Atomic Energy Authority, B.O. 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ulrich W. Scherer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Radiochemistry , Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim, Germany
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Şekerci M. An investigation of the effects of level density models and alpha optical model potentials on the cross-section calculations for the production of the radionuclides 62Cu, 67Ga, 86Y and 89Zr via some alpha induced reactions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Theoretical studies via nuclear reaction models have an undeniable importance and impact in terms of better understanding of reaction processes and their nature. In this study, by considering the importance of these models and the medical radionuclides, the effects of six level density models and eight alpha optical model potentials on the cross-section calculations for the production of the radionuclides 62Cu, 67Ga, 86Y and 89Zr via 59Co(α,n)62Cu, 60Ni(α,np)62Cu, 65Cu(α,2n)67Ga, 64Zn(α,p)67Ga, 85Rb(α,3n)86Y, 86Sr(α,n)89Zr, 87Sr(α,2n)89Zr and 88Sr(α,3n)89Zr reactions were investigated. Calculations for each reaction route were performed by using the TALYS v1.9 code. The most consistent model with the literature data taken from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Database (EXFOR), was identified by using the reduced chi-squared statistics in addition to an eyeball estimation. Also, the effects of combinational use of selected models and potentials were investigated by comparing the calculational results with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Şekerci
- Department of Physics , Süleyman Demirel University , 32260, Isparta , Turkey
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Preparation of Zirconium-89 Solutions for Radiopharmaceutical Purposes: Interrelation Between Formulation, Radiochemical Purity, Stability and Biodistribution. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081534. [PMID: 31003494 PMCID: PMC6514948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconium-89 is a promising radionuclide for nuclear medicine. The aim of the present work was to find a suitable method for obtaining zirconium-89 solutions for radiopharmaceutical purposes. For this purpose, the ion exchange behavior of zirconium-89 solutions was studied. Radio-TLC (thin layer chromatography) and biodistribution studies were carried out to understand speciation of zirconium-89 complexes and their role in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals. Three methods of zirconium-89 isolation were studied using ZR (hydroxamate) and Chelex-100 resins. It was found that ZR-resin alone is not enough to obtain stable zirconium-89 formulations. An easy and effective method of reconstitution of [89Zr]Zr-oxalate to [89Zr]Zr-citrate using Chelex-100 resin was developed. Developed procedures allow obtaining [89Zr]Zr-oxalate (in 0.1 M sodium oxalate solution) and [89Zr]Zr-citrate (in 0.1–1.0 M sodium citrate solution). These solutions are perfectly suitable and convenient for radiopharmaceutical purposes. Our results prove [89Zr]Zr-citrate to be advantageous over [89Zr]Zr-oxalate. During evaluation of speciation of zirconium-89 complexes, a new TLC method was developed, since it was proved that there is no comprehensive method for analysis or zirconium-89 preparations. The new method provides valuable insights about the content of “active” ionic form of zirconium-89. The interrelation of the chromatographic behavior of zirconium-89 preparations and their biodistribution was studied.
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La MT, Tran VH, Kim HK. Progress of Coordination and Utilization of Zirconium-89 for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Studies. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 53:115-124. [PMID: 31057683 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-019-00584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiometals have been commonly used in medical applications, and utilization of such metals continues to be an attractive research area. In particular, a variety of radiometals have been developed and implemented for molecular imaging. For such applications, 89Zr has been one of the most interesting radiometals currently used for tumor targeting. Several chemical ligands were developed as 89Zr chelators, and new coordinating methods have also been developed more recently. In addition, immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) studies using 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies have been performed by several scientists. In this review, recent advances to the coordination of 89Zr and the utilization of 89Zr in PET studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thanh La
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907 Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907 Republic of Korea
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Comparative Study with 89Y-foil and 89Y-pressed Targets for the Production of 89Zr †. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 = 3.27 days) owns great potential in nuclear medicine, being extensively used in the labelling of antibodies and nanoparticules. 89Zr can be produced by cyclotron via an 89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction while using an 89Y-foil target. In this study, we investigated for the first time the use of 89Y-pressed target for the preparation of 89Zr-oxalate via a (p,n) reaction. We performed comparative studies with an 89Y-foil target mounted on custom-made target supports. A new automated cassette-based purification module was used to facilitate the purification and the fractionation of 89Zr-oxalate. The effective molar activity (EMA) was calculated for both approaches via titration with deferoxamine (DFO). The radionuclidic purity was determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy and the metal impurities were quantified by ICP-MS on the resulting 89Zr-oxalate solution. The cassette-based purification process leading to fractionation is simple, efficient, and provides very high EMA of 89Zr-oxalate. The total recovered activity was 81 ± 4% for both approaches. The highest EMA was found at 13.3 MeV and 25 μA for 0.25-mm thick 89Y-foil. Similar and optimal production yields were obtained at 15 MeV and 40 μA while using 0.50-mm thick 89Y-foil and pressed targets. Metallic impurities concentration was below the general limit of 10 ppm for heavy metals in the US and Ph.Eur for both 89Y-foil and pressed targets. Overall, these results show that the irradiation of 89Y-pressed targets is a very effective process, offering an alternative method for 89Zr production.
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Kazakov AG, Aliev RA, Ostapenko VS, Priselkova AB, Kalmykov SN. Separation of 89Zr from irradiated yttrium targets by extraction chromatography. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Sharifian M, Sadeghi M, Alirezapour B, Yarmohammadi M, Ardaneh K. Modeling and experimental data of zirconium-89 production yield. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 130:206-210. [PMID: 28992565 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The radionuclide zirconium-89 can be employed for the positron emission tomography (PET). In this study 89Zr excitation function via 89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction was calculated by the TALYS-1.8 code based on microscopic level density model. The formation of 89Zr was simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation code MCNPX to calculate the integral yield in the 89Y target body for threshold up to 40MeV incident-proton energy. The target thickness was based on calculation of the stopping power using the SRIM-2013 code matched to any incident-proton energy. The production yield of the 89Zr simulated with the Monte Carlo method for the 89Y(p,n)89Zr, 89Y(d,2n)89Zr, natSr(α,xn)89Zr and natZr(p,pxn)89Zr reactions and the results were in good agreement with published experimental results for the optimum energy range. An experimental yield of 53.1MB/µA for the 15MeV proton-induced on Y2O3 powder as a disk-target obtained for 1h irradiation at the AMIRS cyclotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Sharifian
- Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical physics department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yarmohammadi
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Ardaneh
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Sharifian M, Sadeghi M, Alirezapour B. Utilization of GEANT to calculation of production yield for 89Zr by charge particles interaction on 89Y, natZr and natSr. Appl Radiat Isot 2017. [PMID: 28622598 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 89Zr, is one of the radionuclide with near-ideal properties for PET due to its suitable half-life and decay properties. The cross-section of 89Zr via 89Y(p,n)89Zr, 89Y(d,2n)89Zr, natSr(α,xn)89Zr and natZr(p,pxn)89Zr, were calculated by the TALYS-1.8 code to predict the optimum range of charge particle energy. The Monte Carlo code GEANT4 was used to simulate the formation of 89Zr in the target body. The simulated 89Zr yield was in good agreement with published experimental results in the optimum energy range. According to the calculations, the 89Y(p,n)89Zr was superior to the other reactions useful to medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Sharifian
- Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Production and radiochemical separation of a potential immuno-PET imaging agent 89Zr from proton irradiated natY target. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Sharifian M, Sadeghi M, Alirezapour B, Mohseni M. Investigative for no-carrier-added 87m,gY production by the proton-induced on 89Y. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 122:136-140. [PMID: 28160716 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The radioisotope 87Y is one of the candidates for the SPECT and 87Y/87mSr generator due to its suitable half-life and decay properties. The proton-induced on the 89Y target can be used for the production of 87Y. The present perusal calculated the excitation function for the both 89Y(p,x)87m,gY direct reaction and decay of 87Zr via 89Y(p,3n)87Zr → 87mY → 87gY indirect reaction using the TALYS-1.8 code. To simulation the production of 87m,gY nuclide, the target thickness was designed based on the stopping power calculation by the SRIM-2013 code. The Monte Carlo code GEANT4 was used to simulate the transport of protons through the irradiation assembly. Then, the cumulative integral yield of the 87m,gY has been calculated directly after the decay of 87Zr radionuclide entirely. These results were in good agreement with the theoretical and reported experimental data. Eventually, the integral yield of the 87m,gY was calculated by the indirect method from 87Zr decay after separation the zirconium. This work provides the basis for theoretical appraisement of the use of no-carrier-added 87Y as radiopharmaceutical for the purpose of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Sharifian
- Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mohseni
- Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Qaim SM, Spahn I, Scholten B, Neumaier B. Uses of alpha particles, especially in nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alpha particles exhibit three important characteristics: scattering, ionisation and activation. This article briefly discusses those properties and outlines their major applications. Among others, α-particles are used in elemental analysis, investigation and improvement of materials properties, nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. The latter two topics, dealing with activation of target materials, are treated in some detail in this paper. Measurements of excitation functions of α-particle induced reactions shed some light on their reaction mechanisms, and studies of isomeric cross sections reveal the probability of population of high-spin nuclear levels. Regarding medical radionuclides, an overview is presented of the isotopes commonly produced using α-particle beams. Consideration is also given to some routes which could be potentially useful for production of a few other radionuclides. The significance of α-particle induced reactions to produce a few high-spin isomeric states, decaying by emission of low-energy conversion or Auger electrons, which are of interest in localized internal radiotherapy, is outlined. The α-particle beam, thus broadens the scope of nuclear chemistry research related to development of non-standard positron emitters and therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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17
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Zaneb H, Hussain M, Amjad N, Qaim SM. Evaluation of nuclear reaction cross section data for the production of (87)Y and (88)Y via proton, deuteron and alpha-particle induced transmutations. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 112:69-79. [PMID: 27016709 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton, deuteron and alpha-particle induced reactions on (87,88)Sr, (nat)Zr and (85)Rb targets were evaluated for the production of (87,88)Y. The literature data were compared with nuclear model calculations using the codes ALICE-IPPE, TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.2. The evaluated cross sections were generated; therefrom thick target yields of (87,88)Y were calculated. Analysis of radio-yttrium impurities and yield showed that the (87)Sr(p, n)(87)Y and (88)Sr(p, n)(88)Y reactions are the best routes for the production of (87)Y and (88)Y respectively. The calculated yield for the (87)Sr(p, n)(87)Y reaction is 104 MBq/μAh in the energy range of 14→2.7MeV. Similarly, the calculated yield for the (88)Sr(p, n)(88)Y reaction is 3.2 MBq/μAh in the energy range of 15→7MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zaneb
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (GINUM), Gujranwala, Pakistan.
| | - M Hussain
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - N Amjad
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Department of Physics, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - S M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, d-52425 Jülich, Germany
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18
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Krasikova RN, Aliev RA, Kalmykov SN. The next generation of positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals labeled with non-conventional radionuclides. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of 88,89Zr via α-particle induced reactions on natural strontium. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:261-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Abstract
SummaryNuclear reaction cross section data are of great significance in optimisation of production routes of radionuclides. This article deals with some newer aspects of data research related to production of both standard and novel radionuclides. The recent work to standardise the known data is discussed and new measurements with regard to further optimisation of production routes of some commonly used radionuclides are mentioned. Attempts to increase the specific activity of some reactor-produced radionuclides through the use of charged-particle induced reactions are outlined. The jeopardy in the supply of99mTcviaa fission-produced99Mo/99mTc generator is considered and its possible direct production at a cyclotron is briefly discussed. Regarding the novel radionuclides, development work is presently focussed on non-standard positron emitters for diagnosis and on low-range highly ionising radiation emitters for internal radiotherapy. Recent nuclear reaction cross section measurements related to the production of the two types of radionuclides are briefly reviewed and some anticipated trends in nuclear data research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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21
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Taghilo M, Kakavand T, Sadeghi M. Determination of 89Zr production parameters via different reactions using ALICE and TALYS codes. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
89Zr is an important positron-emitting radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) and used in the field of tumor diagnostics, tumor therapy and the investigation of the bio-kinetic. The ALICE-91 and TALYS-1.0 codes were used to calculate excitation function for proton, alpha, deuteron and neutron induced on various targets that lead to the production of 89Zr radioisotopes using intermediate energy accelerators. Requisite thickness of the targets was obtained by SRIM code. The 89Zr production yield was evaluated using excitation function and stopping power. For the 89Y(p, n)89Zr reaction, the calculation data were compared with the experimental data. The 89Y(p, n)89Zr process was determined as most interesting one due to radionuclide purity. The ALICE-91 and TALYS-1.0 codes predict a maximum cross-section of about 939.86 mb at 15MeV and 860 mb at 13MeV respectively for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Taghilo
- Physics Faculty, Zanjan University, P.O. Box: 451–313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - T. Kakavand
- Physics Faculty, Zanjan University, P.O. Box: 451–313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M. Sadeghi
- Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, P.O. Box: 31485–498, Karaj, Iran
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23
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Sadeghi M, Enferadi M. Production and radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added 88Y by liquid-liquid extraction. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s106636221105016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Qaim SM. Development of novel positron emitters for medical applications: nuclear and radiochemical aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In molecular imaging, the importance of novel longer lived positron emitters, also termed as non-standard or innovative PET radionuclides, has been constantly increasing, especially because they allow studies on slow metabolic processes and in some cases furnish the possibility of quantification of radiation dose in internal radiotherapy. Considerable efforts have been invested worldwide and about 25 positron emitters have been developed. Those efforts relate to interdisciplinary studies dealing with basic nuclear data, high current charged particle irradiation, efficient radiochemical separation and quality control of the desired radionuclide, and recovery of the enriched target material for reuse. In this review all those aspects are briefly discussed, with particular reference to three radionuclides, namely 64Cu, 124I and 86Y, which are presently in great demand. For each radionuclide several nuclear routes were investigated but the ( p,n) reaction on an enriched target isotope was found to be the best for use at a small-sized cyclotron. Some other positron emitting radionuclides, such as 55Co, 76Br, 89Zr, 82mRb, 94mTc, 120I, etc., were also produced via the low-energy (p,n), (p,α) or (d,n) reaction. On the other hand, the production of radionuclides 52Fe, 73Se, 83Sr, etc. using intermediate energy (p,xn) or (d,xn) reactions needs special consideration, the nuclear data and chemical processing methods being of key importance. In a few special cases, a high intensity 3He- or α-particle beam could be an added advantage. The production of some potentially interesting positron emitters via generator systems, for example 44Ti/44Sc, 72Se/72As and 140N d/140Pr is considered. The significance of new generation high power accelerators is briefly discussed.
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A comparative study on the separation of radioyttrium from Sr- and Rb-targets via ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques, with special reference to the production of no-carrier-added 86Y, 87Y and 88Y using a cyclotron. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-7407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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