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Calabrese L, Scalici T, Khaskhoussi A, Proverbio E, Valenza A. Micro‐tomographic characterization of composite recycled glass‐silicone foams for applications in civil engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Calabrese
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Tommaso Scalici
- Advanced Composites Research GroupSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ‐ Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AH United Kingdom
| | - Amani Khaskhoussi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Florence Italy
| | - Edoardo Proverbio
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Antonino Valenza
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 1 90128 Palermo Italy
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2
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Sung Y, Gupta R, Nelson B, Leng S, McCollough CH, Graves WS. Phase-contrast imaging with a compact x-ray light source: system design. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:043503. [PMID: 29201939 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.4.043503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) overcomes the problem of low contrast between different soft tissues achieved in conventional x-ray imaging by introducing x-ray phase as an additional contrast mechanism. This work describes a compact x-ray light source (CXLS) and compares, via simulations, the high quality XPCI results that can be produced from this source to those produced using a microfocus x-ray source. The simulation framework is first validated using an image acquired with a microfocus-source, propagation-based XPCI (PB-XPCI) system. The phase contrast for a water sphere simulating a simple cyst submersed in muscle is evaluated and the evolution of PB-XPCI signal as the object to detector distance is increased is demonstrated. The proposed design of a PB-XPCI system using the CXLS is described and simulated images of a coronary artery compared between CXLS and microfocus source PB-XPCI systems. To generate images with similar noise levels, a microfocus source would require a 3000 times longer exposure than would the CXLS. We conclude that CXLS technology has the potential to provide high-quality XPCI in a medical environment using extremely short exposure times relative to microfocus source approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Sung
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brandon Nelson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Shuai Leng
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | | | - William S Graves
- Arizona State University, Department of Physics, Tempe, Arizona, United States
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Agrawal AK, Sarkar PS, Singh B, Kashyap YS, Rao PT, Sinha A. Application of X-ray micro-CT for micro-structural characterization of APCVD deposited SiC coatings on graphite conduit. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 108:133-142. [PMID: 26722834 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SiC coatings are commonly used as oxidation protective materials in high-temperature applications. The operational performance of the coating depends on its microstructure and uniformity. This study explores the feasibility of applying tabletop X-ray micro-CT for the micro-structural characterization of SiC coating. The coating is deposited over the internal surface of pipe structured graphite fuel tube, which is a prototype of potential components of compact high-temperature reactor (CHTR). The coating is deposited using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) and properties such as morphology, porosity, thickness variation are evaluated. Micro-structural differences in the coating caused by substrate distance from precursor inlet in a CVD reactor are also studied. The study finds micro-CT a potential tool for characterization of SiC coating during its future course of engineering. We show that depletion of reactants at larger distances causes development of larger pores in the coating, which affects its morphology, density and thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Agrawal
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
| | - P S Sarkar
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - B Singh
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Y S Kashyap
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - P T Rao
- Powder Metallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - A Sinha
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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4
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Sunaguchi N, Yuasa T, Hirano SI, Gupta R, Ando M. In Vitro Validation of an Artefact Suppression Algorithm in X-Ray Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135654. [PMID: 26295713 PMCID: PMC4546599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast tomography can significantly increase the contrast-resolution of conventional attenuation-contrast imaging, especially for soft-tissue structures that have very similar attenuation. Just as in attenuation-based tomography, phase contrast tomography requires a linear dependence of aggregate beam direction on the incremental direction alteration caused by individual voxels along the path of the X-ray beam. Dense objects such as calcifications in biological specimens violate this condition. There are extensive beam deflection artefacts in the vicinity of such structures because they result in large distortion of wave front due to the large difference of refractive index; for such large changes in beam direction, the transmittance of the silicon analyzer crystal saturates and is no longer linearly dependent on the angle of refraction. This paper describes a method by which these effects can be overcome and excellent soft-tissue contrast of phase tomography can be preserved in the vicinity of such artefact-producing structures.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Artifacts
- Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Refractometry
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sunaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsuya Yuasa
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hirano
- Mercian Cleantec Corporation, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- MiZ Corporation, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Masami Ando
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Sung Y, Segars WP, Pan A, Ando M, Sheppard CJR, Gupta R. Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a human scale. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12011. [PMID: 26169570 PMCID: PMC4500945 DOI: 10.1038/srep12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) can dramatically improve soft tissue contrast in X-ray medical imaging. Despite worldwide efforts to develop novel XPCI systems, a numerical framework to rigorously predict the performance of a clinical XPCI system at a human scale is not yet available. We have developed such a tool by combining a numerical anthropomorphic phantom defined with non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and a wave optics-based simulator that can accurately capture the phase-contrast signal from a human-scaled numerical phantom. Using a synchrotron-based, high-performance XPCI system, we provide qualitative comparison between simulated and experimental images. Our tool can be used to simulate the performance of XPCI on various disease entities and compare proposed XPCI systems in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Sung
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - W. Paul Segars
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Adam Pan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Masami Ando
- The Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Rajiv Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Olubamiji AD, Izadifar Z, Chen DX. Synchrotron Imaging Techniques for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Potential, Current Trends, and Future Directions. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:503-22. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Kavanagh A, Olivo A, Speller R, Vojnovic B. Feasibility testing of a pre-clinical coded aperture phase contrast imaging configuration using a simple fast Monte Carlo simulator. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:93-105. [PMID: 24466479 PMCID: PMC3891349 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple method of simulating possible coded aperture phase contrast X-ray imaging apparatus is presented. The method is based on ray tracing, with the rays treated ballistically within a voxelized sample and with the phase-shift-induced angular deviations and absorptions applied at a plane in the middle of the sample. For the particular case of a coded aperture phase contrast configuration suitable for small animal pre-clinical imaging we present results obtained using a high resolution voxel array representation of a mathematically-defined 'digital' mouse. At the end of the article a link to the software is supplied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kavanagh
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert Speller
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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8
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Sung Y, Gupta R. X-ray phase tomography of a moving object. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:23671-23679. [PMID: 24104279 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.023671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose an algorithm for tomographic reconstruction of the refractive index map of an object translated across a fan-shaped X-ray beam. We adopt a forward image model valid under the non-paraxial condition, and use a unique mapping of the acquired projection images to reduce the computational cost. Even though the imaging setup affords only a limited angular coverage, our algorithm provides accurate refractive index values by employing the positivity and piecewise-smoothness constraints.
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Sung Y, Sheppard CJR, Barbastathis G, Ando M, Gupta R. Full-wave approach for x-ray phase imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17547-17557. [PMID: 23938626 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a rigorous forward model for phase imaging of a 3-D object illuminated by a cone-shaped x-ray beam. Our model is based on a full-wave approach valid under the first Rytov approximation, and thus can be used with large and thick objects, e.g., luggage and human patients. We unify light-matter interaction and free-space propagation into an integrated wave optics framework. Therefore, our model can accurately calculate x-ray phase images formed with sources of arbitrary shape, and it can be effectively incorporated into x-ray phase tomography as a forward model. Within the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-paraxial, full-wave model for X-ray phase imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Guo XJ, Liu XL, Ni C, Liu B, Huang SM, Gu M. Improving image quality of x-ray in-line phase contrast imaging using an image restoration method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:23460-23468. [PMID: 22109223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For practical application of x-ray in-line phase contrast imaging, a high-quality image is essential for object perceptibility and quantitative imaging. The existing approach to improve image quality is limited by high cost and physical limitations of the acquisition hardware. A useful image restoration algorithm based on fast wavelet transform is proposed. It takes advantage of degradation model and extends the modulation transform function (MTF) compensation algorithm from Fourier domain to wavelet domain. The modified algorithm is evaluated through comparison with the conventional MTF compensation algorithm. Its deblurring property is also characterized with the evaluation parameters of image quality. The results demonstrate that the modified algorithm is fast and robust, and it can effectively restore both the lost detail and edge information while ringing artifacts are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Department of Physics,Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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11
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Ren Y, Chen C, Chen R, Zhou G, Wang Y, Xiao T. Optimization of image recording distances for quantitative X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:4170-4181. [PMID: 21369246 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared to phase retrieval from single sample-to-detector distance (SDD) image, phase retrieval with multiple SDD images could improve the precision in quantitative X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging (QXIPCI). Among all the related phase retrieval approaches, the two-SDD-image-based one is the simplest and well compromises between precision and dose. However, how to optimize the recording distances for the two images to achieve highest precision, remains unsolved. In this paper, the problem was investigated systematically based on digital simulation and related experiments. Spectral correlation degree (SCD) is introduced to evaluate the pertinence between the two SDD images. The simulation results show that the highest retrieving precision could be obtained while the SDD of the second image is three times that of the first image. The best retrieval could be achieved when SDD of the first image is selected properly, meanwhile the SCD occurs with a typical damping oscillation. Experiments, carried out at the X-ray imaging beamline of SSRF, demonstrated the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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Stutman D, Finkenthal M, Moldovan N. Development of microperiodic mirrors for hard x-ray phase-contrast imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:4677-4686. [PMID: 20820208 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.004677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differential phase-contrast imaging with hard x rays can have important applications in medicine, material sciences, and energy research. Phase-contrast methods based on microperiodic optics, such as shearing interferometry, are particularly attractive because they allow the use of conventional x-ray tubes. To enable shearing interferometry with x rays up to 100?keV, we propose using grazing-incidence microperiodic mirrors. In addition, a simple lithographic method is proposed for the production of the microperiodic x-ray mirrors, based on the difference in grazing-incidence reflectivity between a low-Z substrate and a high-Z film. Using this method, we produced prototype mirrors with 5-100?mum periods and 90?mm active length. Experimental tests with x rays up to 60?keV indicate good microperiodic mirror reflectivity and high-contrast fringe patterns, encouraging further development of the proposed imaging concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Stutman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21030, USA.
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