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Huang Z, Wu J, Guan Y, Wei Y, Xie F, Shen Y. PET/CT study of dopamine transporter (DAT) binding with the triple reuptake inhibitor toludesvenlafaxine in rats and humans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06700-2. [PMID: 38587645 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Toludesvenlafaxine is a recently developed antidepressant that belongs to the triple reuptake inhibitor class. Despite the in vitro evidence that toludesvenlafaxine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), there is no in vivo evidence that toludesvenlafaxine binds to DAT and increases DA level, a mechanism thought to contribute to its favorable clinical performance. METHODS Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was used to examine the DAT binding capacity in healthy rats and human subjects and microdialysis was used to examine the striatal DA level in rats. [18F]FECNT and [11C]CFT were used as PET/CT radioactive tracer for rat and human studies, respectively. RESULTS In rats, 9 mg/kg of toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride (i.v.) followed by an infusion of 3 mg/kg via minipump led to the binding rate to striatum DAT at 3.7 - 32.41% and to hypothalamus DAT at 5.91 - 17.52% during the 45 min scanning period. 32 mg/kg oral administration with toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride significantly increased the striatal DA level with the AUC0 - 180 min increased by 63.9%. In healthy volunteers, 160 mg daily toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets for 4 days led to an average occupancy rates of DAT at 8.04% ± 7.75% and 8.09% ± 7.00%, respectively, in basal ganglion 6 h and 10 h postdose. CONCLUSION These results represent the first to confirm the binding of toludesvenlafaxine to DAT in both rats and humans using PET/CT, and its elevation of brain DA level, which may help understand the unique pharmacological and functional effects of triple reuptake inhibitors such as toludesvenlafaxine. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIERS NCT05905120. Registered 14 June 2023. (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Reissig F, Mamat C. Strained Ammonium Precursors for Radiofluorinations. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200039. [PMID: 35736542 PMCID: PMC9220932 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine‐18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2‐fluoroethyl and 3‐fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group – such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety – can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Schneider ML, Moore CF, Ahlers EO, Barnhart TE, Christian BT, DeJesus OT, Engle JW, Holden JE, Larson JA, Moirano JM, Murali D, Nickles RJ, Resch LM, Converse AK. PET Measures of D1, D2, and DAT Binding Are Associated With Heightened Tactile Responsivity in Rhesus Macaques: Implications for Sensory Processing Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:29. [PMID: 31379528 PMCID: PMC6652150 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing disorder (SPD), a developmental regulatory condition characterized by marked under- or over-responsivity to non-noxious sensory stimulation, is a common but poorly understood disorder that can profoundly affect mood, cognition, social behavior and adaptive life skills. Little is known about the etiology and neural underpinnings. Clinical research indicates that children with SPD show greater prevalence of difficulties in complex cognitive behavior including working memory, behavioral flexibility, and regulation of sensory and affective functions, which are related to prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatal, and midbrain regions. Neuroimaging may provide insight into mechanisms underlying SPD, and animal experiments provide important evidence that is not available in human studies. Rhesus monkeys (N = 73) were followed over a 20-year period from birth into old age. We focused on a single sensory modality, the tactile system, measured at 5-7 years, because of its critical importance for nourishment, attachment, and social reward in development. Positron emission tomography imaging was conducted at ages 12-18 years to quantify the availability of the D1 and D2 subtypes of the DA receptor (D1R and D2R), and the DA transporter (DAT). Heightened tactile responsivity was related to (a) elevated D1R in PFC overall, including lateral, ventrolateral, medial, anterior cingulate (aCg), frontopolar, and orbitofrontal (OFC) subregions, as well as nucleus accumbens (Acb), (b) reduced D2R in aCg, OFC, and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and (c) elevated DAT in putamen. These findings suggest a mechanism by which DA pathways may be altered in SPD. These pathways are associated with reward processing and pain regulation, providing top-down regulation of sensory and affective processes. The balance between top-down cognitive control in the PFC-Acb pathway and bottom-up motivational function of the VTA-Acb-PFC pathway is critical for successful adaptive function. An imbalance in these two systems might explain DA-related symptoms in children with SPD, including reduced top-down regulatory function and exaggerated responsivity to stimuli. These results provide more direct evidence that SPD may involve altered DA receptor and transporter function in PFC, striatal, and midbrain regions. More work is needed to extend these results to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Schneider
- Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Colleen F Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Elizabeth O Ahlers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Onofre T DeJesus
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - James E Holden
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julie A Larson
- Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Moirano
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dhanabalan Murali
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert J Nickles
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leslie M Resch
- Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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Médoc M, Sobrio F. Nucleophilic Fluorination and Radiofluorination via Aziridinium Intermediates: N-Substituent Influence, Unexpected Regioselectivity, and Differences between Fluorine-19 and Fluorine-18. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10086-97. [PMID: 26406157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficient dehydrofluorination and radiofluorination of N,N-disubstituted-β-aminoalcohols through an anchimeric-assisted mechanism was developed. An investigation into the influence of N-substituents on the ring opening of the aziridinium intermediate indicated differences in the isomeric ratio and the yields of fluorinated products obtained from N,N-disubstituted-phenylalaninol. This influence was substantial for (18)F-radiofluorination, with yields varying from 0 to 71% at room temperature (RT). Although no significant effects were observed in the fluorine-19 chemistry when the reaction was heated to 90 °C, considerable changes appeared during radiofluorination. In the latter case, the radiochemical yields increased, and degradation of the 2-fluoro-propan-1-amine isomer (b) occurred, leading to a regiospecific reaction in the radiolabeling of [(18)F]-fluorodeprenyl. This method involving nucleophilic radiofluorination at RT was successfully applied to the radiolabeling of [(18)F]-2-fluoroethylamines in which the influence of the N-substituent was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Médoc
- CEA, I2BM, LDM-TEP, UMR 6301 ISTCT , F-14074 Caen, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6301 ISTCT, LDM-TEP , F-14074 Caen, France.,UNICAEN, UMR 6301 ISTCT, LDM-TEP, GIP Cyceron , BP5229, F-14074 Caen, France
| | - Franck Sobrio
- CEA, I2BM, LDM-TEP, UMR 6301 ISTCT , F-14074 Caen, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6301 ISTCT, LDM-TEP , F-14074 Caen, France.,UNICAEN, UMR 6301 ISTCT, LDM-TEP, GIP Cyceron , BP5229, F-14074 Caen, France
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Rajala AZ, Zaitoun I, Henriques JB, Converse AK, Murali D, Epstein ML, Populin LC. Dopamine transporter gene susceptibility to methylation is associated with impulsivity in nonhuman primates. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2138-46. [PMID: 25122707 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00534.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity, the predisposition to act without regard for negative consequences, is a characteristic of several psychiatric disorders and is thought to result in part from genetic variation in the untranslated region of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. As the exact link between genetic mutations and impulsivity has not been established, we used oculomotor behavior to characterize rhesus monkeys as impulsive or calm and genetic/epigenetic analysis and positron emission tomography (PET) to correlate phenotype to DAT genotype, DAT gene methylation, and DAT availability. We found three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3'-UTR of the DAT gene, one of which provided a potential site for methylation in the impulsive group. Bisulfite analysis showed that the DNA of the impulsive but not the calm subjects was methylated at one SNP. Because genetic/epigenetic modifications could lead to differences in protein expression, we measured DAT availability using [(18)F]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-fluoroethyl)-nortropane ([(18)F]FECNT) PET and found higher DAT availability in the internal globus pallidus, an output nucleus of the basal ganglia, of the impulsive group. Higher DAT availability lowers dopamine levels, potentially altering neuronal circuits involved in the initiation of action, thus contributing to the impulsive phenotype. The association between increased methylation in the DAT gene and greater DAT availability suggests that mutations to the regulatory portion of the DAT gene lead to a susceptibility to epigenetic modification resulting in a discrete behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Z Rajala
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ismail Zaitoun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey B Henriques
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Dhanabalan Murali
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Miles L Epstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Luis C Populin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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7
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Converse AK, Moore CF, Moirano JM, Ahlers EO, Larson JA, Engle JW, Barnhart TE, Murali D, Christian BT, DeJesus OT, Holden JE, Nickles RJ, Schneider ML. Prenatal stress induces increased striatal dopamine transporter binding in adult nonhuman primates. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:502-10. [PMID: 23726316 PMCID: PMC3775901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effects in adult offspring of maternal exposure to stress and alcohol during pregnancy, we imaged striatal and midbrain dopamine transporter (DAT) binding by positron emission tomography in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We also evaluated the relationship between DAT binding and behavioral responses previously found to relate to dopamine D2 receptor density (responsivity to tactile stimuli, performance on a learning task, and behavior during a learning task). METHODS Subjects were adult offspring derived from a 2 × 2 experiment in which pregnant monkeys were randomly assigned to control, daily mild stress exposure (acoustic startle), voluntary consumption of moderate-level alcohol, or both daily stress and alcohol. Adult offspring (n = 38) were imaged by positron emission tomography with the DAT ligand [(18)F]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-fluoroethyl)-nortropane ([(18)F]FECNT). RESULTS Results showed that prenatal stress yielded an overall increase of 15% in [(18)F]FECNT binding in the striatum (p = .016), 17% greater binding in the putamen (p = .012), and 13% greater binding in the head of the caudate (p = .028) relative to animals not exposed to prenatal stress. Striatal [(18)F]FECNT binding correlated negatively with habituation to repeated tactile stimulation and positively with tactile responsivity. There were no significant effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on [(18)F]FECNT binding. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to mild daily stress during pregnancy yielded increases in striatal DAT availability that were apparent in adult offspring and were associated with behavioral characteristics reflecting tactile hyperresponsivity, a condition associated with problem behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Converse
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Corresponding author: , tel. 001/608/265.6604, T123 Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704
| | | | | | | | - Julie A. Larson
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James E. Holden
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Mary L. Schneider
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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