Radioactive waste management: Review on clearance levels and acceptance criteria legislation, requirements and standards

A Note on the Design of Waste Management System Using QR Code for Radioactive Waste

Due to the effective management of radioactive waste in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and around the world as well as the introduction of radioactive waste certification programs, an integrated radioactive waste management system has been developed and applied. An integrated radioactive waste management system can improve waste management by providing an automatic identification and waste certification program (WCP) of radioactive waste. In this paper, we propose the development of a methodology that can manage radioactive waste from generation to treatment and a system for tracking radioactive waste using a QR code system with real-time management. A QR code is designed for mobile phones as an Android application and allows users to view, sort, and learn about radioactive waste in real time. This enables the smoother and more systematic management of radioactive waste.

Evaluation of the probability distribution of radioactivity estimated by inverse problem solution using Monte Carlo Method

In this study, we derived the posterior probability distribution of the total activity estimated by inverse problem solution. The posterior probability distribution was derived by applying the Monte Carlo approach of the GUM Supplement 1 to the model of evaluation. The decision threshold, the detection limit, and the limits of the coverage interval for the results, all of which are defined in ISO 11929-2 as characteristic limits, were also derived.

Derivation of uncertainty propagation for clearance measurement

Clearance measurements are performed to calculate the sum of the ratios of the measured activity concentration to the limit for all nuclides to be considered. In the derivation of the uncertainty, the modeling of the measurement is essential. By using formula for the modeling, the uncertainty and upper limits of the coverage interval can be calculated by uncertainty propagation. The treatment of the ratio of the activity concentration of difficult-to-measure-nuclides to that of the key nuclide is also described.

Review on Selection and Experiment Method of Commonly Studied Simulated Radionuclides in Researches of Nuclear Waste Solidification

Although many types of simulated radionuclides have been widely used as a substitute for actual nuclear waste in the studies of nuclear waste solidification, the understanding of the applicability and validity of simulated radionuclides is still insufficient. In particular, the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, which can play a decisive role in the accuracy of the experimental results, still lack unified or integrated references. This paper provides a critical review on the selection, experimental methods, and applicability of the most commonly studied simulated radionuclides, followed by a careful discussion and recommendation of simulated radionuclides suitable for different solidified bodies. The main factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and atmosphere) affecting the choice of simulated radionuclides were analyzed in detail. This work helps to integrate the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, and it will be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of nuclide solidification research.

New high-throughput measurement systems for radioactive wastes segregation and free release

This paper addresses the measurement facilities for pre-selection of waste materials prior to measurement for repository acceptance or possible free release (segregation measurement system); and free release (free release measurement system), based on a single standardized concept characterized by unique, patented lead-free shielding. The key objective is to improve the throughput, accuracy, reliability, modularity and mobility of segregation and free-release measurement. This will result in a more reliable decision-making with regard to the safe release and disposal of radioactive wastes into the environment and, resulting in positive economic outcomes. The research was carried out within "Metrology for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities" (MetroDecom) project.