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Sauerzopf U, Weidenauer A, Dajic I, Bauer M, Bartova L, Meyer B, Nics L, Philippe C, Pfaff S, Pichler V, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Pezawas L, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M. Disrupted relationship between blood glucose and brain dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102813. [PMID: 34544031 PMCID: PMC8455866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An elemental function of brain dopamine is to coordinate cognitive and motor resources for successful exploitation of environmental energy sources. Dopamine transmission, goal-directed behavior, and glucose homeostasis are altered in schizophrenia patients prior to and after initiation of pharmacological treatment. Thus, we investigated the relationship between blood glucose levels and brain dopamine signaling in drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. We quantified blood glucose levels and binding of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand (+)-[11C]-PHNO in 15 medication-naïve patients and 27 healthy volunteers employing positron emission tomography. Whole-brain voxel-wise linear model analysis identified two clusters of significant interaction between blood glucose levels and diagnosis on (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding-potential values. We observed positive relationships between blood glucose levels and binding-potential values in healthy volunteers but negative ones in patients with first episode psychosis in a cluster surviving rigorous multiple testing correction located in the in the right ventral tegmental area. Another cluster of homologous behavior, however at a lower level of statistical significance, comprised the ventral striatum and pallidum. Extracellular dopamine levels are a major determinant of (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding in the brain. In line with the concept that increased dopamine signaling occurs when goal-directed behavior is needed for restoring energy supply, our data indicate that in healthy volunteers, extracellular dopamine levels are high when blood glucose levels are low and vice-versa. This relationship is reversed in patients with first-episode psychosis, possibly reflecting an underlying pathogenic alteration that links two seemingly unrelated aspects of the illness: altered dopamine signaling and dysfunctional glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - A Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - I Dajic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - B Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - L Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - S Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - V Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | - M Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - L Pezawas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - N Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
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Komorowski A, Weidenauer A, Murgaš M, Sauerzopf U, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Bauer M, Hacker M, Praschak-Rieder N, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Willeit M. Association of dopamine D 2/3 receptor binding potential measured using PET and [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO with post-mortem DRD 2/3 gene expression in the human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117270. [PMID: 32818617 PMCID: PMC7610745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Open access post-mortem transcriptome atlases such as the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) can inform us about mRNA expression of numerous proteins of interest across the whole brain, while in vivo protein binding in the human brain can be quantified by means of neuroreceptor positron emission tomography (PET). By combining both modalities, the association between regional gene expression and receptor distribution in the living brain can be approximated. Here, we compare the characteristics of D2 and D3 dopamine receptor distribution by applying the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO and human gene expression data. Since [11C]-(+)-PHNO has a higher affinity for D3 compared to D2 receptors, we hypothesized that there is a stronger relationship between D2/3 non-displaceable binding potentials (BPND) and D3 mRNA expression. To investigate the relationship between D2/3 BPND and mRNA expression of DRD2 and DRD3 we performed [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans in 27 healthy subjects (12 females) and extracted gene expression data from the AHBA. We also calculated D2/D3 mRNA expression ratios to imitate the mixed D2/3 signal of [11C]-(+)-PHNO. In accordance with our a priori hypothesis, a strong correlation between [11C]-(+)-PHNO and DRD3 expression was found. However, there was no significant correlation with DRD2 expression. Calculated D2/D3 mRNA expression ratios also showed a positive correlation with [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding, reflecting the mixed D2/3 signal of the radioligand. Our study supports the usefulness of combining gene expression data from open access brain atlases with in vivo imaging data in order to gain more detailed knowledge on neurotransmitter signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Komorowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Weidenauer A, Bauer M, Sauerzopf U, Bartova L, Nics L, Pfaff S, Philippe C, Berroterán-Infante N, Pichler V, Meyer BM, Rabl U, Sezen P, Cumming P, Stimpfl T, Sitte HH, Lanzenberger R, Mossaheb N, Zimprich A, Rusjan P, Dorffner G, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Pezawas L, Kasper S, Wadsak W, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M. On the relationship of first-episode psychosis to the amphetamine-sensitized state: a dopamine D 2/3 receptor agonist radioligand study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 32066718 PMCID: PMC7026156 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by increased behavioral and neurochemical responses to dopamine-releasing drugs. This prompted the hypothesis of psychosis as a state of "endogenous" sensitization of the dopamine system although the exact basis of dopaminergic disturbances and the possible role of prefrontal cortical regulation have remained uncertain. To show that patients with first-episode psychosis release more dopamine upon amphetamine-stimulation than healthy volunteers, and to reveal for the first time that prospective sensitization induced by repeated amphetamine exposure increases dopamine-release in stimulant-naïve healthy volunteers to levels observed in patients, we collected data on amphetamine-induced dopamine release using the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO and positron emission tomography. Healthy volunteers (n = 28, 14 female) underwent a baseline and then a post-amphetamine scan before and after a mildly sensitizing regimen of repeated oral amphetamine. Unmedicated patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 21; 6 female) underwent a single pair of baseline and then post-amphetamine scans. Furthermore, T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prefrontal cortex was performed. Patients with first-episode psychosis showed larger release of dopamine compared to healthy volunteers. After sensitization of healthy volunteers their dopamine release was significantly amplified and no longer different from that seen in patients. Healthy volunteers showed a negative correlation between prefrontal cortical volume and dopamine release. There was no such relationship after sensitization or in patients. Our data in patients with untreated first-episode psychosis confirm the "endogenous sensitization" hypothesis and support the notion of impaired prefrontal control of the dopamine system in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard M Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Sezen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counseling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Georg Dorffner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Toward the Optimization of (+)-[ 11C]PHNO Synthesis: Time Reduction and Process Validation. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:4292596. [PMID: 31656452 PMCID: PMC6791232 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4292596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(+)-[11C]PHNO, a dopamine D2/3 receptor agonistic radiotracer, is applied for investigating the dopaminergic system via positron emission tomography (PET). An improved understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysfunctions in the dopamine system and the underlying mechanism is a necessity in order to promote the development of new potential therapeutic drugs. In contrast to other broadly applied 11C-radiopharmaceuticals, the production of this radiotracer requires a challenging four-step radiosynthesis involving harsh reaction conditions and reactants as well as an inert atmosphere. Consequently, the production is prone to errors and troubleshooting after failed radiosyntheses remains time consuming. Hence, we aimed to optimize the radiosynthesis of (+)-[11C]PHNO for achieving better activity yields without loss of product quality. Therefore, we synthesized (+)-[11C]PHNO and omitted all heating and cooling steps leading to higher activity yields. As a result, radiosynthesis fully conducted at room temperature led to a time-reduced production procedure that saves about 5 min, which is an appreciable decay-prevention of around 15% of the activity yield. Additionally, we established a troubleshooting protocol by investigating reaction intermediates, byproducts, and impurities. Indeed, partial runs enabled the assignment of byproducts to their associated error source. Finally, we were able to generate a decision tree facilitating error detection in (+)-[11C]PHNO radiosynthesis.
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Amor-Coarasa A, Kelly JM, Babich JW. 3D-printed automation for optimized PET radiochemistry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4762. [PMID: 31548988 PMCID: PMC6744267 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible batch synthesis of radioligands for imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) in a manner that maximizes ligand yield, purity, and molar activity, and minimizes cost and exposure to radiation, remains a challenge, as new and synthetically complex radioligands become available. Commercially available automated synthesis units (ASUs) solve many of these challenges but are costly to install and cannot always accommodate diverse chemistries. Through a reiterative design process, we exploit the proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to translate optimized reaction conditions into ASUs composed of 3D-printed, electronic, and robotic parts. Our units are portable and robust and reduce radiation exposure, shorten synthesis time, and improve the yield of the final radiopharmaceutical for a fraction of the cost of a commercial ASU. These 3D-printed ASUs highlight the gains that can be made by designing a fit-for-purpose ASU to accommodate a synthesis over accommodating a synthesis to an unfit ASU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Amor-Coarasa
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James M. Kelly
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John W. Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Kautzky A, James GM, Philippe C, Baldinger-Melich P, Kraus C, Kranz GS, Vanicek T, Gryglewski G, Hartmann AM, Hahn A, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Rujescu D, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Epistasis of HTR1A and BDNF risk genes alters cortical 5-HT1A receptor binding: PET results link genotype to molecular phenotype in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:5. [PMID: 30664620 PMCID: PMC6341100 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the 5-HT1A receptor and BDNF have consistently been associated with affective disorders. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs6295 of the serotonin 1A receptor gene (HTR1A) and rs6265 of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF), may impact transcriptional regulation and expression of the 5-HT1A receptor. Here we investigated interaction effects of rs6295 and rs6265 on 5-HT1A receptor binding. Forty-six healthy subjects were scanned with PET using the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. Genotyping was performed for rs6265 and rs6295. Subjects showing a genotype with at least three risk alleles (G of rs6295 or A of rs6265) were compared to control genotypes. Cortical surface binding potential (BPND) was computed for 32 cortical regions of interest (ROI). Mixed model was applied to study main and interaction effects of ROI and genotype. ANOVA was used for post hoc analyses. Individuals with the risk genotypes exhibited an increase in 5-HT1A receptor binding by an average of 17% (mean BPND 3.56 ± 0.74 vs. 2.96 ± 0.88). Mixed model produced an interaction effect of ROI and genotype on BPND and differences could be demonstrated in 10 ROI post hoc. The combination of disadvantageous allelic expression of rs6295 and rs6265 may result in a 5-HT1A receptor profile comparable to affective disorders as increased 5-HT1A receptor binding is a well published phenotype of depression. Thus, epistasis between BDNF and HTR1A may contribute to the multifactorial risk for affective disorders and our results strongly advocate further research on this genetic signature in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kautzky
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gregory M. James
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0University Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria ,grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria ,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0University Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
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Pichler V, Zenz T, Philippe C, Vraka C, Berrotéran-Infante N, Pfaff S, Nics L, Ozenil M, Langer O, Willeit M, Traub-Weidinger T, Lanzenberger R, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Wadsak W. Molar activity - The keystone in 11C-radiochemistry: An explorative study using the gas phase method. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 67:21-26. [PMID: 30380463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiochemists/radiopharmacists, involved in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals are regularly confronted with the requirement of continuous high quality productions in their day-to-day business. One of these requirements is high specific or molar activity of the radiotracer in order to avoid e.g. receptor saturation and pharmacological or even toxic effects of the applied tracer for positron emission tomography. In the case of 11C-labeled radiotracers, the reasons for low molar activity are manifold and often the search for potential 12C-contaminations is time-consuming. METHODS In this study, diverse 12C-contaminations were analyzed and quantified, which occurred during >450 syntheses of six PET tracers using [11C]CO2 or [11C]CH3I generated via the gas phase method in a commercially available synthesizer. Additionally, non-radioactive syntheses were performed in order to identify the origins of carbon-12. RESULTS The manifold contributions to low molar activity can be attributed to three main categories, namely technical parameters (e.g. quality of target gases, reagents or tubings), inter/intralaboratory parameters (e.g. maintenance interval, burden of the module, etc.) and interoperator parameters (e.g. handling of the module). CONCLUSION Our study provides a better understanding of different factors contributing to the overall carbon load of a synthesis module, which facilitates maintenance of high molar activity of carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Zenz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berrotéran-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
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9
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Downey J, Bongarzone S, Hader S, Gee AD. In-loop flow [ 11 C]CO 2 fixation and radiosynthesis of N,N'-[ 11 C]dibenzylurea. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:263-271. [PMID: 28977686 PMCID: PMC5900881 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotron-produced carbon-11 is a highly valuable radionuclide for the production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. It is typically produced as relatively unreactive carbon-11 carbon dioxide ([11 C]CO2 ), which is most commonly converted into a more reactive precursor for synthesis of PET radiotracers. The development of [11 C]CO2 fixation methods has more recently enabled the direct radiolabelling of a diverse array of structures directly from [11 C]CO2 , and the advantages afforded by the use of a loop-based system used in 11 C-methylation and 11 C-carboxylation reactions inspired us to apply the [11 C]CO2 fixation "in-loop." In this work, we developed and investigated a new ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) loop-based [11 C]CO2 fixation method, enabling the fast and efficient, direct-from-cyclotron, in-loop trapping of [11 C]CO2 using mixed DBU/amine solutions. An optimised protocol was integrated into a proof-of-concept in-loop flow radiosynthesis of N,N'-[11 C]dibenzylurea. This reaction exhibited an average 78% trapping efficiency and a crude radiochemical purity of 83% (determined by radio-HPLC), giving an overall nonisolated radiochemical yield of 72% (decay-corrected) within just 3 minutes from end of bombardment. This proof-of-concept reaction has demonstrated that efficient [11 C]CO2 fixation can be achieved in a low-volume (150 μL) ETFE loop and that this can be easily integrated into a rapid in-loop flow radiosynthesis of carbon-11-labelled products. This new in-loop methodology will allow fast radiolabelling reactions to be performed using cheap/disposable ETFE tubing setup (ideal for good manufacturing practice production) thereby contributing to the widespread usage of [11 C]CO2 trapping/fixation reactions for the production of PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Downey
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stefan Hader
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Antony D. Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Vraka C, Mijailovic S, Fröhlich V, Zeilinger M, Klebermass EM, Wadsak W, Wagner KH, Hacker M, Mitterhauser M. Expanding LogP: Present possibilities. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 58:20-32. [PMID: 29309919 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the high candidate exclusion rate during a drug development process, an early prediction of the pharmacokinetic behavior would be needed. Accordingly, high performance bioaffinity chromatography (HPBAC) approaches are growing in popularity, however, there is a lack of knowledge and no consensus about the relation between HPBAC measurements, in vivo distribution and blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration behavior. With respect to radiotracers, there is almost no reference data available for plasma protein binding (PPB), permeability (Pm) and the membrane coefficient (KIAM). Thus, this study was aimed at exploring the relevance of measuring PPB, Pm and KIAM for the prediction of BBB penetration. METHODS Measurements of %PPB, Pm and KIAM were performed using HPBAC. In total, 113 compounds were tested, 43 with brain uptake, 30 not showing brain uptake and 40 with known interactions with efflux transporters. Additionally, ClogP and HPLC logPowpH7.4 data were collected. RESULTS %PPB, KIAM, Pm and ClogP values were in the same range for each of the three groups. A significant difference was observed for the HPLC logPowpH7.4 between CNS penetrating drug group (CNSpos) and the non-penetrating drug group (CNSneg), as well as for the CNSneg towards the drug group interacting with efflux transporters (DRUGefflux). However, as the other experimental data, also the HPLC logPowpH7.4 showed a broad overlapping of the single values between the groupings. CONCLUSION Experimental reference values (logP, Pm, KIAM & PPB) of commonly used PET tracers and drugs showing different BBB penetration behavior are provided. The influence of the logP on brain uptake depends strongly on the selected method. However, using a single parameter (experimental or calculated) to predict BBB penetration or for the classification of drug groups is inexpedient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department for Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanja Mijailovic
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Fröhlich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeilinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Klebermass
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department for Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Speed matters to raise molar radioactivity: Fast HPLC shortens the quality control of C-11 PET-tracers. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 57:28-33. [PMID: 29227813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decision whether an in-house produced short-lived radiopharmaceutical can be applied in-vivo is based on (1) the fulfilment of all quality criteria; (2) the availability of enough radioactivity for subsequent imaging; and (3) a molar activity (MA) above the set limits to guarantee safe administration without competing occupancy of the non-radioactive compound; and (4) an activity concentration, which is high enough for the application in certain preclinical studies. Hence, time reduction can be of major importance to increase final product yields, MA and activity concentrations. Usually, optimization in this respect only focuses on the radiotracer preparation steps but especially quality control (QC) is rarely even mentioned. Therefore, aim of this work is the establishment of optimized conditions for chromatographic analysis using HPLC within the QC to enable a significant time reduction, which then directly leads to an increase in available amount of radioactive product as well as MA at the time of application. METHODS An optimized set-up using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ((U)HPLC) was established and tested on 7 carbon-11 labelled radiotracers used within patient routine or clinical trials. RESULTS A drastic time reduction was achieved for all tracers. The optimized protocol lead to a gain of 5-7min (70-86% compared to the original set-up). CONCLUSIONS An accelerated (U)HPLC method for radiotracers labelled with short-lived radionuclides was successfully established and conditions were optimized for 7 clinically used radiotracers. The significant gain in QC time leads to a drastic increase in available radioactivity and specific activity at the time of tracer administration.
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12
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Rafique W, Khanapur S, Spilhaug MM, Riss PJ. Reaching out for Sensitive Evaluation of the Mu Opioid Receptor in Vivo: Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Agonist [ 11C]AH7921. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1847-1852. [PMID: 28590714 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) availability with positron emission tomography (PET) is a pertinent challenge in Neuroscience. Both, regulation of receptor expression and occupancy by endogeneous opioids play into cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of healthy function and disease. Receptor expression in the active and inactive states can be measured using high affinity radioagonist and radioantagonist PET tracers, respectively. Occupancy assessment requires radioligands showing competitive and reversible binding with moderate affinity to the MOR, which may lead to physical extinction of the receptor specific signal in vivo. We investigated a moderately potent, selective MOR agonist in rat to test if a radiotracer design paradigm tailored to competition with endogeneous opioids leads to viable imaging results. The benzamide 3,4-dichlorobenzenecarboxylic acid (dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)methyl amide (AH-7921, 1) was synthesized and characterized in rat brain using autoradiography and positron emission tomography. Compound 1 was found to activate with low nanomolar potency the MOR and to a lesser extent KOR as a full agonist. Concentration dependent binding studies with agonist and antagonist radioligands were conducted to assess competition behavior and obtain inhibition constants. Kinetic analysis of 3,4-dichlorobenzene[11C]carboxylic acid (dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)methyl amide binding in rat brain resulted in low but reproducible binding potential in the thalamus (0.8 ± 0.1). A radioactive metabolite was detected in brain (17%, after 15 min). Nonetheless, we conclude that quantitative imaging of MOR availability is possible when using a moderate affinity radiotracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Rafique
- realomics
SFI, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, Kjemibygningen, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shivashankar Khanapur
- realomics
SFI, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, Kjemibygningen, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Radboud Translational Medicine BV, Geert Grooteplein
21, Postbus 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherland
| | - Mona M. Spilhaug
- realomics
SFI, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, Kjemibygningen, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick J. Riss
- realomics
SFI, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, Kjemibygningen, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Klinik
for Kirurgi og Nevrofag, Oslo Universitets Sykehus HF−Rikshospitalet, Postboks
4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Gaustad, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Radboud Translational Medicine BV, Geert Grooteplein
21, Postbus 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherland
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13
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Ahamed M, Verbeek J, Funke U, Lecina J, Verbruggen A, Bormans G. Recent Progress in Metal Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Aryl Halides and Pseudo Halides Employing CO2: Opportunities for11C Radiochemistry. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uta Funke
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Joan Lecina
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | | | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy; KU Leuven; Belgium
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14
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Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Placzek MS, Hooker JM, Gee AD, Dollé F, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. (11)C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds made easily for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4708-26. [PMID: 27276357 PMCID: PMC5000859 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 ((11)C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11)C]methyl triflate (generated from [(11)C]carbon dioxide or [(11)C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted (11)C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [(11)C]Carbon dioxide itself, [(11)C]carbon monoxide, [(11)C]cyanide, and [(11)C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable (11)C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of (11)C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. (11)C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA and McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA - Institut d'imagerie biomédicale, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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15
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Baldinger P, Kraus C, Rami-Mark C, Gryglewski G, Kranz GS, Haeusler D, Hahn A, Spies M, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Rujescu D, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT1B genotype status enhances cerebral 5-HT1A receptor binding. Neuroimage 2015; 111:505-12. [PMID: 25652393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic neurotransmission is thought to underlie a dynamic interrelation between different key structures of the serotonin system. The serotonin transporter (SERT), which is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft into the neuron, as well as the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) and -1B (5-HT1B) receptors, inhibitory auto-receptors in the raphe region and projection areas, respectively, are likely to determine serotonin release. Thereby, they are involved in the regulation of extracellular serotonin concentrations and the extent of serotonergic effects in respective projection areas. Complex receptor interactions can be assessed in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, which are thought to alter protein expression levels. Due to the complexity of the serotonergic system, gene × gene interactions are likely to regulate transporter and receptor expression and therefore subsequently serotonergic transmission. In this context, we measured 51 healthy subjects (mean age 45.5 ± 12.9, 38 female) with PET using [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 to determine 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (5-HT1A BPND). Genotyping for rs6296 (HTR1B) and 5-HTTLPR (SERT gene promoter polymorphism) was performed using DNA isolated from whole blood. Voxel-wise whole-brain ANOVA revealed a positive interaction effect of genotype groups (5-HTTLPR: LL, LS+SS and HTR1B: rs6296: CC, GC+GG) on 5-HT1A BPND with peak t-values in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus. More specifically, highest 5-HT1A BPND was identified for individuals homozygous for both the L-allele of 5-HTTLPR and the C-allele of rs6296. This finding suggests that the interaction between two major serotonergic structures involved in serotonin release, specifically the SERT and 5-HT1B receptor, results in a modification of the inhibitory serotonergic tone mediated via 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Baldinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Rami-Mark
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Haeusler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Genetics Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Halle, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Kraus C, Baldinger P, Rami-Mark C, Gryglewsky G, Kranz GS, Haeusler D, Hahn A, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Rujescu D, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Exploring the impact of BDNF Val66Met genotype on serotonin transporter and serotonin-1A receptor binding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106810. [PMID: 25188405 PMCID: PMC4154779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) may impact on the in-vivo binding of important serotonergic structures such as the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies on the association between Val66Met and 5-HTT and 5-HT1A binding potential (BPND) have demonstrated equivocal results. Methods We conducted an imaging genetics study investigating the effect of Val66Met genotype on 5-HTT or 5-HT1A BPND in 92 subjects. Forty-one subjects (25 healthy subjects and 16 depressive patients) underwent genotyping for Val66Met and PET imaging with the 5-HTT specific radioligand [11C]DASB. Additionally, in 51 healthy subjects Val66Met genotypes and 5-HT1A binding with the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 were ascertained. Voxel-wise and region of interest-based analyses of variance were used to examine the influence of Val66Met on 5-HTT and 5-HT1A BPND. Results No significant differences of 5-HTT nor 5-HT1A BPND between BDNF Val66Met genotype groups (val/val vs. met-carrier) were detected. There was no interaction between depression and Val66Met genotype status. Conclusion In line with previous data, our work confirms an absent effect of BDNF Val66Met on two major serotonergic structures. These results could suggest that altered protein expression associated with genetic variants, might be compensated invivo by several levels of unknown feedback mechanisms. In conclusion, Val66Met genotype status is not associated with changes of in-vivo binding of 5-HTT and 5-HT1A receptors in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Rami-Mark
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Haeusler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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17
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Kranz GS, Rami-Mark C, Kaufmann U, Baldinger P, Hahn A, Höflich A, Savli M, Stein P, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Winkler D, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cerebral serotonin-1A receptor binding in postmenopausal women examined with [carbonyl-¹¹C]WAY-100635. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 45:1-10. [PMID: 24845171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical research points to a strong modulatory influence of gonadal hormones on the serotonin system. However, human data corroborating this association remains scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy on 5-HT₁A receptor binding in postmenopausal women using positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635. In this randomized, double-blind, longitudinal study, 30 postmenopausal women underwent treatment with either a combination of oral 17β-estradiol valerate and micronized progesterone (group 1, n=10), oral 17β-estradiol valerate (group 2, n=10), or placebo (group 3, n=10). Two PET measurements were performed, one the day before treatment start and the second after at least eight weeks of treatment. Plasma levels of estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P₄), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were collected prior to PET measurements. As expected, hormone replacement therapy led to a significant increase in E₂ and P4 plasma levels in group 1 and to a significant increase in E₂ levels in group 2. The 5-HT₁A receptor binding did not change significantly after estrogen, combined estrogen/progesterone treatment or placebo in any of the investigated brain regions. There were no significant correlations between changes in E₂ or P4 values and changes in 5-HT₁A receptor binding. Although we were not able to confirm effects of gonadal hormone treatment on 5-HT₁A receptor binding, our data do not preclude associations between sex steroid levels and serotonin, the neurotransmitter implicated most strongly in the pathogenesis of affective and anxiety disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00755963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Christina Rami-Mark
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Anna Höflich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Markus Savli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Patrycja Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1).
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria(1)
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18
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Shoup TM, McCauley JP, Lee DF, Chen R, Normandin MD, Bonab AA, El Fakhri G, Vasdev N. Synthesis of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist (+)-PHNO via supercritical fluid chromatography: preliminary PET imaging study with [3-11C]-(+)PHNO. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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