1
|
Cai G, Tötzke C, Kaestner A, Ahmed MA. Quantification of root water uptake and redistribution using neutron imaging: a review and future directions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:348-359. [PMID: 35603461 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying root water uptake is essential to understanding plant water use and responses to different environmental conditions. However, non-destructive measurement of water transport and related hydraulics in the soil-root system remains a challenge. Neutron imaging, with its high sensitivity to hydrogen, has become an unparalleled tool to visualize and quantify root water uptake in vivo. In combination with isotopes (e.g., deuterated water) and a diffusion-convection model, root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution in root and soil can be quantified. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing neutron imaging to visualize and quantify root water uptake, hydraulic redistribution in roots and soil, and root hydraulic properties of different plant species. Under uniform soil moisture distributions, neutron radiographic studies have shown that water uptake was not uniform along the root and depended on both root type and age. For both tap (e.g., lupine [Lupinus albus L.]) and fibrous (e.g., maize [Zea mays L.]) root systems, water was mainly taken up through lateral roots. In mature maize, the location of water uptake shifted from seminal roots and their laterals to crown/nodal roots and their laterals. Under non-uniform soil moisture distributions, part of the water taken up during the daytime maintained the growth of crown/nodal roots in the upper, drier soil layers. Ultra-fast neutron tomography provides new insights into 3D water movement in soil and roots. We discuss the limitations of using neutron imaging and propose future directions to utilize neutron imaging to advance our understanding of root water uptake and soil-root interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Cai
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Tötzke
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anders Kaestner
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumawat S, Rana N, Bansal R, Vishwakarma G, Mehetre ST, Das BK, Kumar M, Kumar Yadav S, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Expanding Avenue of Fast Neutron Mediated Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E164. [PMID: 31185678 PMCID: PMC6631465 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
: Fast neutron (FN) radiation mediated mutagenesis is a unique approach among the several induced mutagenesis methods being used in plant science in terms of impacted mutations. The FN mutagenesis usually creates deletions from few bases to several million bases (Mb). A library of random deletion generated using FN mutagenesis lines can provide indispensable resources for the reverse genetic approaches. In this review, information from several efforts made using FN mutagenesis has been compiled to understand the type of induced mutations, frequency, and genetic stability. Concerns regarding the utilization of FN mutagenesis technique for a plant with different level of ploidy and genome complexity are discussed. We have highlighted the utility of next-generation sequencing techniques that can be efficiently utilized for the characterization of mutant lines as well as for the mapping of causal mutations. Pros and cons of mapping by mutation (MutMap), mutant chromosome sequencing (MutChromSeq), exon capture, whole genome sequencing, MutRen-Seq, and different tilling approaches that can be used for the detection of FN-induced mutation has also been discussed. Genomic resources developed using the FN mutagenesis have been catalogued wooing to meaningful utilization of the available resources. The information provided here will be helpful for the efficient exploration for the crop improvement programs and for better understanding of genetic regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Gautam Vishwakarma
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Bikram Kishore Das
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India.
| | | | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Cho WK, Byun HS, Kil EJ, Bak SI, Moon DH, Chavan V, Park TS, Lee S, Hong SW. Transcriptome profiles of tomato plants after neutron irradiation and infection with TYLCV. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:427-441. [PMID: 30575049 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause mutagenesis in living organisms. In this study, we examined the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants. Neutron irradiation decreased tomato germination rates, but most irradiated tomato plants did not show any significant phenotype. However, tomato mutants infected by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) displayed resistance against TYLCV compared to the wild type (WT), which showed disease symptoms. RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the expression profiles of eight tomato mutants were significantly different from that of the WT. The transcriptomes obtained from presoaked seeds were highly altered compared to those of dry seeds. Increased irradiation time resulted in severe changes in the tomato transcriptome; however, different neutron irradiation intensities affected the expressions of different sets of genes. A high number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in tomato transcriptomes suggest that neutron irradiation strongly impacts plant transcriptomes. The transition/transversion values among mutants were almost constant and were lower than that of the non-irradiated sample (WT), suggesting that neutron irradiation caused an effect. Taken together, this is the first report showing the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants by transcriptome analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyong Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seong Byun
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Bak
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Ho Moon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Chavan
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sun Park
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Yu D, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xu K, Zhang F, Wang J, Tan G, Nie X, Ji Q, Zhao L, Li C. Vacuum and Co-cultivation Agroinfiltration of (Germinated) Seeds Results in Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) Mediated Whole-Plant Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Wheat and Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:393. [PMID: 28382049 PMCID: PMC5360694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been frequently used in dicots. Here we show that it can also be used in monocots, by presenting a system involving use of a novel infiltration solution (containing acetosyringone, cysteine, and Tween 20) that enables whole-plant level VIGS of (germinated) seeds in wheat and maize. Using the established system, phytoene desaturase (PDS) genes were successfully silenced, resulting in typical photo-bleaching symptoms in the leaves of treated wheat and maize. In addition, three wheat homoeoalleles of MLO, a key gene repressing defense responses to powdery mildew in wheat, were simultaneously silenced in susceptible wheat with this system, resulting in it becoming resistant to powdery mildew. The system has the advantages generally associated with TRV-mediated VIGS systems (e.g., high-efficiency, mild virus infection symptoms, and effectiveness in different organs). However, it also has the following further advantages: (germinated) seed-stage agroinfiltration; greater rapidity and convenience; whole-plant level gene silencing; adequately stable transformation; and suitability for studying functions of genes involved in seed germination and early plant development stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Deshui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Fuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Guangxuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Xianhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Qiaohua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Chengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, XinxiangChina
- *Correspondence: Chengwei Li,
| |
Collapse
|