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Nasr GM, Taha EKA, Hamza AM, Negm EA, Eryan NL, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Zayed MS, Elnabawy ESM. Gamma Radiation: An Eco-Friendly Control Method for the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091295. [PMID: 36138774 PMCID: PMC9495983 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), is the most destructive insect pest of stored cereals worldwide. The current study was conducted to determine the lethal, reproductive, and histological effects of gamma irradiation on S. oryzae adults. In addition, the impact on germination, chlorophyll, and proline content in wheat seedlings from treated grains was determined. Wheat grains were infested with rice weevil adults and then irradiated by gamma rays. Gamma radiation was applied at a dosage of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 kGy. Mortality percentage and LD50 were recorded after 48, 72, 96, and 120 h of treatment. The dosage of 1.00 kGy caused 100% mortality after 96 h of irradiation. The required dosage of gamma radiation to kill 50% (LD50) of adults after 48 h was 1.51 kGy. All tested doses caused complete sterility to 24 h old adults. A histological alteration was noticed at a dosage of 1.00 kGy, which showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, tissues exhibiting signs of putrefaction, and necrosis of cells; furthermore, gamma irradiation affected chlorophyll a and b. The highest amounts were detected in wheat seedlings from grains irradiated at 0.10 kGy. There was a significant increase in plant proline content at the higher doses (0.50 and 1.00 kGy) compared with seedlings from nonirradiated grains. It could be concluded that gamma radiation can be used as an eco-friendly trend to control stored-product pests without any residual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Nasr
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Stored Product Pests Department, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh 12611, Egypt
| | - El-Kazafy A. Taha
- Department of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.-K.A.T.); (E.-S.M.E.)
| | - Amal M. Hamza
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Stored Product Pests Department, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh 12611, Egypt
| | - Eslam A. Negm
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Stored Product Pests Department, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh 12611, Egypt
| | - Nevein L. Eryan
- Agricultural Research Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Crop Physiological Research Department, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh 12611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Biotechnology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Zayed
- Department of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - El-Said M. Elnabawy
- Department of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.-K.A.T.); (E.-S.M.E.)
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El-Samad LM, El-Ashram S, Kheirallah DA, Abdul-Aziz KK, Toto NA, Mokhamer EHM. Relative gene expression, micronuclei formation, and ultrastructure alterations induced by heavy metal contamination in Pimelia latreillei (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in an urban-industrial area of Alexandria, Egypt. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253238. [PMID: 34161380 PMCID: PMC8221511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aims to evaluate the impact of industrial processes and anthropogenic activities on the beetle Pimelia latreillei inhabiting the polluted site at Zawya Abd El- Qader, Alexandria, Egypt. Beetles were collected from the vicinity of five factories. The genotoxic effects of environmental exposures to industrial heavy metals were monitored using a broad range of assays, including energy-dispersive X ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction (SEM and EDX)), qRT-PCR gene expression assay, micronuclei formation, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for the soil and testicular tissues of beetles collected from the polluted site revealed a higher percentage of heavy metals than the beetles collected from the reference site (Sidi Kirier, Alexandria, Egypt). To analyze/monitor genotoxicity in P. latreillei sampled from the polluted site, the transcription levels of levels of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and accessory gland seminal fluid protein (AcPC01) in testicular tissues were recorded. The incidence of micronuclei (MN) formation in the testicular cells was also observed. Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was carried out to detect the changes in the gene expression of the aforementioned proteins. Genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) were significantly overexpressed (> 2-fold) in specimens sampled from the polluted site; however, AcPC01 gene expression was under-expressed (<1.5-folds). The incidence of MN was significantly increased in specimens sampled from the polluted site. Ultrastructure anomalies (nuclear and cytoplasmic disruption) were also observed in the testicular cells of the beetles sampled from the polluted site compared to those sampled from the unpolluted site. Our results, therefore, advocate a need for adequate measures to reduce increasing environmental pollution in the urban-industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M. El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Kheirallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Karolin K. Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Noura A. Toto
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - El Hassan M. Mokhamer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
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