Nuclear model calculation and targetry recipe for production of 110mIn

Simulation of the indirect reaction 92Mo(α, 2n)94Ru→m94Tc using TALYS and GEANT4 nuclear codes

Radioisotope 94mTc is a favorable positron emitter radioisotope in nuclear medicine that can be used for PET. Production of 94mTc via indirect reaction 92Mo(α, 2n)94Ru → 94mTc was predicted by SRIM, TALYS,and GEANT4 codes. SRIM and GEANT4 codes were employed to calculate the range of alpha particles into enriched 92Mo and to estimate the thickness of the target. Further, the GEANT4 and the TALYS codes were used to investigate the cross-section and production yield of the 92Mo(α, 2n)94Ru reaction. Four model methods were utilized to compute the cross-section by TALYS-1.95 code. The simulated results were compared with experimental values that reported by F.O. Denzler and found to be in good agreement between them. This observation indicates that the SRIM, the GEANT4 and the TALYS codes are suitable tools for prediction of producing radioisotopes via various reactions.

TENDL-based evaluation and adjustment of p+111Cd between 1 and 100 MeV

Proton induced reaction data are needed in the optimization of various radioisotope production routes, among others. In this work, the evaluation of proton-induced reactions on ¹¹¹Cd between 1 and 100 MeV using the TALYS code system within an iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo (iBMC) framework, is presented. The method involves the simultaneous variation of a large number of nuclear reaction models included in the TALYS code system as well as their parameters. Each random TALYS calculation yields a vector of calculated values of cross section observables as well as the angular distributions, among others, which were compared with corresponding vectors of carefully selected differential experimental data for reaction channels where data were available. The random nuclear data file with the maximum likelihood function value obtained from combining the individual χ²s computed for the considered reaction channels was chosen as the parent vector and the starting point for the generation of a further set of random TALYS calculations. This was repeated multiple times until a targeted convergence of 5% was reached. The final evaluated file was compared with available experimental data from the EXFOR database as well as with the evaluations from the TENDL-2021 and JENDL5.0 libraries, and found to compare favorably.

Radioactive Main Group and Rare Earth Metals for Imaging and Therapy

Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.