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Broda R, Ziemek T, Marganiec-Gałązka J, Czudek M, Kossert K, Listkowska A, Lech E, Tymiński Z, Saganowski P, Coulon R, Michotte C. Measurement of the activity and determination of the half-life of 225Ac at POLATOM. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 201:110987. [PMID: 37660500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for absolute measurements of the 225Ac activity in equilibrium with its progeny was developed. Measurements were performed using the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method in two different TDCR counters. The activity concentration of an 225Ac solution was determined and the solution was sent to the SIR system for a comparison. The half-life of 225Ac was determined by one of the TDCR counters and found to be 9.9150(63) days.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Broda
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - T Ziemek
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | | | - M Czudek
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - K Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Listkowska
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - E Lech
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - P Saganowski
- NCBJ Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - R Coulon
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312, Sèvres, Cedex, France
| | - C Michotte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312, Sèvres, Cedex, France
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2
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Nissim S, Brandis M, Aviv O, Arazi L. Characterization of a 4παβ(LS)-γ(HPGe) prototype system for low-background measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110866. [PMID: 37235985 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A ground-level prototype system for low-background measurements was developed and tested. The system consists of a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector used for detecting γ rays and coupled to a liquid scintillator (LS) used for detecting α and β particles. Both detectors are surrounded by shielding materials and anti-cosmic detectors ("veto") used to suppress background events. The energy and timestamp of detected α, β and γ emissions are recorded event-by-event and analyzed offline. By requiring timing coincidence between the HPGe and LS detectors, background events originating from outside the volume of the measured sample can be effectively rejected. The system performance was evaluated using liquid samples containing known activities of an α emitter (241Am) or a β emitter (60Co) whose decays are accompanied by γ rays. The LS detector was found to provide a solid angle of almost 4π for α and β particles. Compared to the traditional γ-singles mode, operating the system in coincidence mode (i.e., α-γ or β-γ) reduced the background counts by a factor of ∼100. Consequently, the minimal detectable activity for 241Am and 60Co was improved by a factor of 9, being 4 mBq and 1 mBq for an 11-d measurement, respectively. Furthermore, by applying a spectrometric cut in the LS spectrum that corresponds to α emission from 241Am, a background reduction factor of ∼2400 (compared to γ-singles mode) was achieved. Beyond low-background measurements, this prototype exhibits additional compelling features, such as the ability to focus on certain decay channels and study their properties. This concept for a measurement system may be of interest to laboratories that monitor environmental radioactivity, studies involving environmental measurements and/or trace-level radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nissim
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, 81800, Israel; Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - M Brandis
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - O Aviv
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, 81800, Israel.
| | - L Arazi
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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3
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Marganiec-Gałązka J, Czudek M, Lech E, Listkowska A, Saganowski P, Tymiński Z, Ziemek T. Activity standardization and half-life measurement of 177Lu. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110829. [PMID: 37119706 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the 177Lu solution has been measured by means of the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method. This result has been compared to the previous obtained results received from 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence and anticoincidence counting. The activities determined with various methods have been found to be consistent. The decay curve of the 177Lu solution has been followed in the TDCR counter to determine the half-life of this isotope. The half-life has been separately determined for double and triple coincidence events. The arithmetic mean value of these two results has been found to be T1/2 = 6.6489(52) d.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marganiec-Gałązka
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - M Czudek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - E Lech
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - P Saganowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - T Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
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4
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Coulon R, Gressier V, Michotte C. Test of a digitizer to process the pulse signal from the 3 photomultiplier tubes of a TDCR liquid scintillation counter. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110598. [PMID: 36508957 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The BIPM is developing a new service for international key comparisons in radionuclide metrology. The system, called ESIR, is based on a liquid scintillation counter using the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) technique. The aim is to produce an international reference that can be reproduced over several decades of time in order to compare the calibration capabilities of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The maintainability of the electronics performing the signal processing is a challenge. To ensure the long-term sustainability of the electronics, the strategy is to set up redundant systems including at least one digital electronics module. The analogue modules developed in the 1990s and 2000s are less and less maintained and digital electronics are increasingly available on the market. In this context, a digitizer was tested and its suitability for the TDCR measurements compared to the currently used module based on an analogue front-end. This first implementation directly linking the photomultiplier anode to the CAEN digitizer without any analogue preconditioning shows a significant loss of detection efficiency and a lower signal to noise ratio observed on distributions of single photoelectrons. Although the TDCR method can correct for these efficiency losses, the loss of symmetry between the channels is too great to provide a sufficiently robust measurement. The use of low-pass filters upstream of the ADC will be considered to make this digital measurement system more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coulon
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Gressier
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Carine Michotte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
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Liu H, Liang J, Zhong K, Zhou Q, Yuan D. Development of 4πβ(LS)-γ digital coincidence counting system at NIM. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Standardization of 90Y solution by mean of a Cherenkov counting in comparison with a liquid scintillation counting technique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Han M, Hwang S, Agusbudiman A, Kim B, Lee J, Lee K, Heo D. Development of a miniature digital data processing 4πβ(LS)-γ(LaBr3) coincidence system at KRISS. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Lee JM, Agung A, Hwang SH, Lee KB, Hwang HY. Development of a movable 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counting system for activity standardization of β-γ emitters. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109743. [PMID: 33915348 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new movable 3PM-γ coincidence system, based on 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counting, for activity measurement of β-γ emitters has been designed at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). The system incorporates 3 PM tubes on the plane and two detectors placed above and below the center of the plane. The 3 PM tubes for β-counters in the plane are movable up to 100 mm from a liquid scintillation vial, thus enabling the variation of β-detection efficiencies by a geometrical technique. A NaI(Tl) γ-counter was set above for the present work. The β-event is determined by counting the logical sum of three double coincidences. All the necessary electronics, i.e., logical sum, adjusting the duration of dead-time of each counting channel and coincidence resolving times, and analyzing coincidence relation, were specially designed to be fabricated in an integrated circuit. Details of the detectors, the electronics, the overall movable 3PM-γ coincidence system are presented, as well as the results of investigations to assess its operating characteristics. Validation measurements have been performed with 60Co and 57Co sources. The highest β-detection efficiency achieved with 60Co and 57Co was 97% and 95%, respectively. The activity concentration determined with a new system agreed with calibrated values within the uncertainty range. Further results from validation measurements and the corresponding uncertainty budgets are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - A Agung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 267, South Korea
| | - H Y Hwang
- Mokwon University, Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 88, South Korea.
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Ziemek T, Nähle OJ, Kossert K, Leschitzki S, Takács MP, Broda R, Listkowska A, Tymiński Z, Dziel T. Comparison of digital coincidence modules used at POLATOM and PTB for TDCR and 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counters. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 164:109231. [PMID: 32554122 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activity measurements of 3H, 241Am and 60Co solutions were performed to compare digital coincidence modules used at PTB and POLATOM for TDCR and 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence counting. The activities determined with various coincidence modules connected in parallel to the same counter at PTB were found to be consistent. Observed discrepancies caused by differences in the coincidence resolving time did not exceed 0.14%. Accidental coincidences simulated by a frequency generator were registered, and the coincidence resolving time was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - O J Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Leschitzki
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M P Takács
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Broda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - T Dziel
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
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Ziemek T, Broda R, Dziel T, Listkowska A, Tymiński Z. A new coincidence module using pulse-mixing method applied in the 4π(LS)-γ coincidence system with TDCR detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109081. [PMID: 32068144 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Application of a new coincidence module using the pulse-mixing method in the 4π(LS)-γ coincidence system with TDCR detector in the beta channel (TDCRG) is presented. The pulse-mixing method extended for the TDCR system with gamma channel was compared with the classical coincidence method where the coincidence resolving time is introduced. The characteristics of the resolving and dead time of the above two methods were investigated. The level of accidental coincidences in the system was determined. The new developed coincidence module was validated by activity measurement of a set of 51Cr, 54Mn, 60Co, 65Zn, 85Sr and 134Cs standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - R Broda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - T Dziel
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
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11
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Bilateral comparison of 14C activity measurements at the NCBJ RC POLATOM and the ENEA-INMRI. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Ziemek T, Capogni M, Ratel G, Broda R, Dziel T, Fazio A, Listkowska A. Comparison of 131I activity measurements at the NCBJ RC POLATOM and the ENEA-INMRI linked to the BIPM SIR system. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:380-384. [PMID: 29032880 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bilateral comparison between ENEA-INMRI (Italy) and NCBJ RC POLATOM (Poland) of 131I-solution activity measurements was organized in the year 2015 and piloted by POLATOM, which provided the sources for the comparison. The 131I master solution was standardized independently at both institutes by using Liquid Scintillation Counting and ionization chamber techniques. The 131I master solution was then sent by POLATOM to the BIPM International Reference System (SIR). The comparison was registered as an EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.I-131 key comparison allowing the ENEA-INMRI result to enter in the SIR database.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland.
| | - M Capogni
- ENEA National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (ENEA-INMRI), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Ratel
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Sèvres, France
| | - R Broda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
| | - T Dziel
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Fazio
- ENEA National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (ENEA-INMRI), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
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