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Cevallos-Robalino LE, García-Fernández G, Gallego E, Vega-Carrillo HR, De Juan Carbonell L, García-Baonza R, Lorente A. Comparison of H*(10) estimations, due to neutrons and γ-rays, around FANT with two 241Am/ 9Be sources. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111159. [PMID: 38150847 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
FANT (Fuente Ampliada de Neutrones Térmicos; in Spanish) is a thermal neutron irradiation facility with an extended and very uniform irradiation area, which has been developed by the Neutron Measurement Laboratory of the Energy Engineering Department at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (LMN-UPM). In FANT, an isotopic neutron source (241Am/9Be) produces the primary neutrons. The design and facility optimization were carried out by extensive Monte Carlo calculations. In addition, Monte Carlo methods were used to evaluate the facility's performance to produce a constant and uniform thermal neutron field; these results were validated through experimental methods. FANT is designed to have two neutron sources; the objective of this work is to estimate the ambient dose equivalent due to neutrons and gamma-rays by Monte Carlo methods, and to compare these values with measured experimental doses. Thus, the performance of FANT with the two 241Am/9Be sources of LMN-UPM, with regard to the ambient dose equivalent H*(10) produced by both neutrons and photons around the facility, is analyzed in this work. The results are compared with those previously obtained in the framework of the results obtained with the LB6411 device around FANT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin E Cevallos-Robalino
- Carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica, Grupo de Investigación en Micro-Nanotecnología y Energía Nuclear (NANOTECH), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), C. Robles 107 Chambers, 090108, Guayas, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Gonzalo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), C Ciprés, 10, 98060, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - Luis De Juan Carbonell
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto García-Baonza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Lorente
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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García-Baonza R, Lorente A, Ibáñez S, Gallego E, García-Fernández GF. Conceptual design of a new multi-purpose, passive and flexible neutron area monitor with two configurations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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D’Avino V, Ambrosino F, Bedogni R, Campoy AIC, La Verde G, Vernetto S, Vigorito CF, Pugliese M. Characterization of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters for Neutron Dosimetry at High Altitudes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5721. [PMID: 35957277 PMCID: PMC9370843 DOI: 10.3390/s22155721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrons constitute a significant component of the secondary cosmic rays and are one of the most important contributors to natural cosmic ray radiation background dose. The study of the cosmic ray neutrons' contribution to the dose equivalent received by humans is an interesting and challenging task for the scientific community. In addition, international regulations demand assessing the biological risk due to radiation exposure for both workers and the general population. Because the dose rate due to cosmic radiation increases significantly with altitude, the objective of this work was to characterize the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLDs) from the perspective of exposing them at high altitudes for longtime neutron dose monitoring. The pair of TLD-700 and TLD-600 is amply used to obtain the information on gamma and neutron dose in mixed neutron-gamma fields due to the present difference in 6Li isotope concentration. A thermoluminescence dosimeter system based on pair of TLD-600/700 was characterized to enable it for neutron dosimetry in the thermal energy range. The system was calibrated in terms of neutron ambient dose equivalent in an experimental setup using a 241Am-B radionuclide neutron source coated by a moderator material, polyethylene, creating a thermalized neutron field. Afterward, the pair of TLD-600/700 was exposed at the CERN-EU High-Energy Reference Field (CERF) facility in Geneva, which delivers a neutron field with a spectrum similar to that of secondary cosmic rays. The dosimetric system provided a dose value comparable with the calculated one demonstrating a good performance for neutron dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria D’Avino
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ambrosino
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bedogni
- Frascati National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.B.); (A.I.C.C.)
| | - Abner Ivan C. Campoy
- Frascati National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.B.); (A.I.C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Vernetto
- National Institute for Astrophysics—Astrophysical Observatory of Turin (INAF-OATO), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Section of Turin, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Carlo Francesco Vigorito
- Section of Turin, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Department of Physics, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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4
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Li J, Jia W, Hei D, Yao Z, Cheng C. Research on the optimization method for PGNAA system design based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio evaluation. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Cevallos-Robalino LE, García-Baonza R, García-Fernández G, Gallego E, Vega-Carrillo HR. Comparison of FANT results using the ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.3 and TENDL2017 nuclear data libraries. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:109992. [PMID: 34715461 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
FANT (Fuente Ampliada de Neutrones Térmicos; in Spanish) is a thermal neutron irradiation facility with an extended and very uniform irradiation area, that has been developed by the Neutron Measurements Laboratory of the Energy Engineering Department at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (LMN-UPM). This device is a parallelepiped box made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), moderator material, that uses an A95241m/B49e neutron source of 111 GBq nominal activity for irradiating materials. The facility design was previously optimized, and the neutron spectra were estimated by extensive calculations with the MCNP6.1 code and carrying out experimental measurements (Bedogni et al., 2017). The facility takes advantage of the scattering reactions of neutrons with the HDPE surfaces of the chamber, where the moderation process is effective, achieving relevant thermal neutron fluence rates. The main goal of this work has been to simulate and analyse the FANT system by Monte Carlo methods using the MCNP6.1 code, employing 3 different nuclear data libraries: ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.3 and TENDL 2017. The transport of thermal neutrons in HDPE, E < 1eV, has been calculated in all the cases taking into account the thermal S (α,β) treatment. The results achieved in this work have been compared with those previously obtained in the former development of FANT, using the MCNP6.1 code with the ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data, and experimental measurements. These results have shown that the JEFF-3.3 nuclear data library is the nuclear data library that provides of the best matching between the MCNP computational results, and the experimental data collected at FANT. Hence, the JEFF-3.3 nuclear data library seems to be the most correct library to design and benchmark thermal neutron activation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin E Cevallos-Robalino
- Carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica, Grupo de Investigación en Micro-Nanotecnología y Energía Nuclear, (NANOTECH), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), C. Robles 107 Chambers, 090108, Guayas, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Roberto García-Baonza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), C. Ciprés, 10, 98060, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
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6
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Ferrulli F, Silari M, Thomsen F, Zorloni G. A thermal neutron source for the CERN radiation Calibration Laboratory. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109977. [PMID: 34626899 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design, construction and experimental characterisation of a lightweight and low-cost thermal neutron assembly, to be used with the existing Am-Be source irradiator of CERN radiation Calibration Laboratory (Cal Lab). The assembly consists of a cylindrical moderator (18 cm diameter, 25.5 cm height and 5.5 kg weight) and an optional reflector box (5 cm thick walls, 20 kg weight). The moderator is tailored to fit on the Am-Be source in its irradiation position, while the box encloses the detector under test during the irradiation. The exposure volume delimited by the box is 30 × 30 × 30 cm3. The thermal neutron fluence at the exposure location, i.e., 30 cm from the source, was optimized by FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The simulations were validated with measurements performed with a bare 3He proportional counter. The thermal neutron fluence at the nominal irradiation position is 7.43 × 102 cm-2s-1 with the cylindrical moderator only, and 5.75 × 103 cm-2s-1 with the cylinder and the reflector box, with the detector placed at the centre of the box. The thermal neutron fluence inside the box is rather uniform (variation <5%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederik Thomsen
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland; Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Calibration of a Poly Allyl Diglycol Carbonate (PADC) based track-etched dosimeter in thermal neutron fields. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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CYSP-HS: A new version of the CYSP directional neutron spectrometer with increased sensitivity. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 142:38-41. [PMID: 30248587 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CSYP (CYlindrical SPectrometer) is a directional neutron spectrometer based on a single moderator embedding multiple thermal neutron detectors. Similarly to Bonner Spheres, CYSP responds from thermal up to GeV neutrons and the spectrum is obtained via few-channel unfolding methods. CYSP has the shape of a polyethylene cylinder with diameter 50 cm and height 65 cm. Owing on a thick collimator and on a specifically designed shielding structure, the internal detectors only respond to neutrons coming from a known direction. Internal thermal neutron detectors are one-cm2 6LiF-covered silicon diodes. Un upgraded version of CYPS was developed to work in low intensity applications, such as cosmic field measurements. It is called CYSP-HS (High-Sensitivity) and is equipped with large area 6LiF-covered silicon diodes (LATND, Large Area Thermal Neutron Detectors). Compared with the former CYSP, the sensitivity increased approximately by an order of magnitude. This paper presents CYSP-HS focusing on the new internal detectors, the response matrix and its verification in a reference field of Am-Be available at the Politecnico di Milano.
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Treccani M, Bedogni R, Pola A, Costa M, Monti V, Sans Planell O, Romano M, Durisi E, Visca DL, Bortot D, Gomez-Ros JM, Ferrero M, Anglesio S, Giannini G, Alikaniotis K. DEVELOPING RADIATION RESISTANT THERMAL NEUTRON DETECTORS FOR THE E_LIBANS PROJECT: PRELIMINARY RESULTS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 180:304-308. [PMID: 29361156 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-resistant, gamma-insensitive, active thermal neutron detectors were developed to monitor the thermal neutron cavity of the E_LIBANS project. Silicon and silicon carbide semiconductors, plus vented air ion chambers, were chosen for this purpose. This communication describes the performance of these detectors, owing on the results of dedicated measurement campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Treccani
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati, Roma, Italy
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Bedogni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Pola
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, via Lambruschini 34, Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
| | - M Costa
- Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
| | - V Monti
- Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
| | - O Sans Planell
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M Romano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - E Durisi
- Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
| | - D L Visca
- Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
| | - D Bortot
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, via Lambruschini 34, Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
| | - J M Gomez-Ros
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati, Roma, Italy
- CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ferrero
- INFN Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino, Italy
| | - S Anglesio
- CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
- A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga Orbassano, via Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - G Giannini
- Università di Trieste, via Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
| | - K Alikaniotis
- Università di Trieste, via Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
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Cevallos Robalino LE, García Fernández GF, Gallego E, Guzmán-García KA, Vega-Carrillo HR. Study by Monte Carlo methods of an explosives detection system made up with a D-D neutron generator and NaI(Tl) gamma detectors. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:167-175. [PMID: 29510959 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of hidden explosives is of utmost importance for homeland security. Several configurations of an Explosives Detection System (EDS) to intercept hidden threats, made up with a Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) compact neutron generator and NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors, have been evaluated using MCNP6 code. The system's response to various samples of explosives, such as RDX and Ammonium Nitrate, is analysed. The D-D generator is able to produce fast neutrons with 2.5 MeV energy in a maximum yield of 1010 n/s. It is surrounded by high-density polyethylene to thermalize the fast neutrons and to optimize interactions with the sample inspected, whose emission of gamma rays gives a characteristic spectrum of the elements that constitute it. This procedure allows to determine its chemical composition and to identify the type of substance. The necessary shielding is evaluated to estimate its thicknesses depending on the admissible dose of operation, using lead and polyethylene. The results show that its functionality is promising in the field of national security for explosives inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin E Cevallos Robalino
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Felipe García Fernández
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen A Guzmán-García
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, C. Ciprés, 10, 98060 Zacatecas, Zac., Mexico
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Kotb NA, Solieman AHM, El-Zakla T, Amer TZ, Elmeniawi S, Comsan MNH. Multi-source irradiation facility with improved space configuration for neutron activation analysis: Design optimization. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 135:135-141. [PMID: 29413828 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A neutron irradiation facility consisting of six 241Am-Be neutron sources of 30 Ci total activity and 6.6 × 107 n/s total neutron yield is designed. The sources are embedded in a cubic paraffin wax, which plays a dual role as both moderator and reflector. The sample passage and irradiation channel are represented by a cylindrical path of 5 cm diameter passing through the facility core. The proposed design yields a high degree of space symmetry and thermal neutron homogeneity within 98% of flux distribution throughout the irradiated spherical sample of 5 cm diameter. The obtained thermal neutron flux is 8.0 × 104 n/cm2.s over the sample volume, with thermal-to-fast and thermal-to-epithermal ratios of 1.20 and 3.35, respectively. The design is optimized for maximizing the thermal neutron flux at sample position using the MCNP-5 code. The irradiation facility is supposed to be employed principally for neutron activation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kotb
- Radiation Protection Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H M Solieman
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - T El-Zakla
- Radiation Protection Department, Hot Laboratories Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - T Z Amer
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Elmeniawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M N H Comsan
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
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