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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Abraham AM, Anjani QK, Adhami M, Hutton ARJ, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Novel SmartReservoirs for hydrogel-forming microneedles to improve the transdermal delivery of rifampicin. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4375-4388. [PMID: 38477350 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the microneedle array. Instead, the API is housed in a reservoir affixed on the top of the baseplate of the HF-MNs. To date, various types of drug-reservoirs and multiple solubility-enhancing approaches have been employed to deliver hydrophobic molecules combined with HF-MNs. These strategies are not without drawbacks, as they require multiple manufacturing steps, from solubility enhancement to reservoir production. However, this current study challenges this trend and focuses on the delivery of the hydrophobic antibiotic rifampicin using SmartFilm-technology as a solubility-enhancing strategy. In contrast to previous techniques, smart drug-reservoirs (SmartReservoirs) for hydrophobic compounds can be manufactured using a one step process. In this study, HF-MNs and three different concentrations of rifampicin SmartFilms (SFs) were produced. Following this, both HF-MNs and SFs were fully characterised regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties, morphology, Raman surface mapping, the interaction with the cellulose matrix and maintenance of the loaded drug in the amorphous form. In addition, their drug loading and transdermal permeation efficacy were studied. The resulting SFs showed that the API was intact inside the cellulose matrix within the SFs, with the majority of the drug in the amorphous state. SFs alone demonstrated no transdermal penetration and less than 20 ± 4 μg of rifampicin deposited in the skin layers. In contrast, the transdermal permeation profile using SFs combined with HF-MNs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) demonstrated a 4-fold increase in rifampicin deposition (80 ± 7 μg) in the skin layers and a permeation of approx. 500 ± 22 μg. Results therefore illustrate that SFs can be viewed as novel drug-reservoirs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) for HF-MNs, achieving highly efficient loading and diffusion properties through the hydrogel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Abraham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Masoud Adhami
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Cui M, Li Y, Li J, Jia N, Cao W, Li Z, Li X, Chu X. Construction of various lipid carriers to study the transdermal penetration mechanism of sinomenine hydrochloride. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:157-169. [PMID: 38451031 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2324810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the transdermal mechanisms and compare the differences in transdermal delivery of Sinomenine hydrochloride (SN) between solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), liposomes (LS), and nanoemulsions (NE). METHODS SN-SLN, SN-LS and SN-NE were prepared by ultrasound, ethanol injection and spontaneous emulsification, respectively. FTIR, DSC, in vitro skin penetration, activation energy (Ea) analysis were used to explore the mechanism of drug penetration across the skin. RESULTS The particle size and encapsulation efficiency were 126.60 nm, 43.23 ± 0.48%(w/w) for SN-SLN, 224.90 nm, 78.31 ± 0.75%(w/w) for SN-LS, and 83.22 nm, 89.01 ± 2.16%(w/w) for SN-LS. FTIR and DSC showed the preparations had various levels of impacts on the stratum corneum's lipid structure which was in the order of SLN > NE > LS. Ea values of SN-SLN, SN-LS, and SN-NE crossing the skin were 2.504, 1.161, and 2.510 kcal/mol, respectively. CONCLUSION SLN had a greater degree of alteration on the skin cuticle, which allows SN to permeate skin more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nini Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengguang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Shan J, Jin X, Zhang C, Huang M, Xing J, Li Q, Cui Y, Niu Q, Chen XL, Wang X. Metal natural product complex Ru-procyanidins with quadruple enzymatic activity combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2298-2316. [PMID: 38799629 PMCID: PMC11121202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection hampers wound repair by impeding the healing process. Concurrently, inflammation at the wound site triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damage to proteins and cells. This can lead to chronic wounds, posing severe risks. Therefore, eliminating bacterial infection and reducing ROS levels are crucial for effective wound healing. Nanozymes, possessing enzyme-like catalytic activity, can convert endogenous substances into highly toxic substances, such as ROS, to combat bacteria and biofilms without inducing drug resistance. However, the current nanozyme model with single enzyme activity falls short of meeting the complex requirements of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, developing nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities is essential. Herein, we engineered a novel metalloenzyme called Ru-procyanidin nanoparticles (Ru-PC NPs) with diverse enzymatic activities to aid wound healing and combat bacterial infections. Under acidic conditions, due to their glutathione (GSH) depletion and peroxidase (POD)-like activity, Ru-PC NPs combined with H2O2 exhibit excellent antibacterial effects. However, in a neutral environment, the Ru-PC NPs, with catalase (CAT) activity, decompose H2O2 to O2, alleviating hypoxia and ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply. Furthermore, Ru-PC NPs possess exceptional antioxidant capacity through their superior superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, effectively scavenging excess ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in a neutral environment. This maintains the balance of the antioxidant system and prevents inflammation. Ru-PC NPs also promote the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2, facilitating wound healing. More importantly, Ru-PC NPs show good biosafety with negligible toxicity. In vivo wound infection models have confirmed the efficacy of Ru-PC NPs in inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting wound healing. The focus of this work highlights the quadruple enzymatic activity of Ru-PC NPs and its potential to reduce inflammation and promote bacteria-infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shan
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Muchen Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jianghao Xing
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuyu Cui
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xu Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
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Gaikwad SS, Zanje AL, Somwanshi JD. Advancements in transdermal drug delivery: A comprehensive review of physical penetration enhancement techniques. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123856. [PMID: 38281692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug administration has grown in popularity in the pharmaceutical research community due to its potential to improve drug bioavailability, compliance among patients, and therapeutic effectiveness. To overcome the substantial barrier posed by the stratum corneum (SC) and promote drug absorption within the skin, various physical penetration augmentation approaches have been devised. This review article delves into popular physical penetration augmentation techniques, which include sonophoresis, iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, thermophoresis, needle-free injection, and microneedles (MNs) Sonophoresis is a technique that uses low-frequency ultrasonic waves to break the skin's barrier characteristics, therefore improving drug transport and distribution. In contrast, iontophoresis uses an applied electric current to push charged molecules of drugs inside the skin, effectively enhancing medication absorption. Magnetophoresis uses magnetic fields to drive drug carriers into the dermis, a technology that has shown promise in aiding targeted medication delivery. Thermophoresis is the regulated heating of the skin in order to improve drug absorption, particularly with thermally sensitive drug carriers. Needle-free injection technologies, such as jet injectors (JIs) and microprojection arrays, offer another option by producing temporary small pore sizes in the skin, facilitating painless and effective drug delivery. MNs are a painless, minimally invasive method, easy to self-administration, as well as high drug bioavailability. This study focuses on the underlying processes, current breakthroughs, and limitations connected with all of these approaches, with an emphasis on their applicability in diverse therapeutic areas. Finally, a thorough knowledge of these physical enhancement approaches and their incorporation into pharmaceutical research has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery, providing more efficient and secure treatment choices for a wide range of health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India.
| | - Abhijit L Zanje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Jeevan D Somwanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
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Lu B, Zhang J, Zhang J. Enhancing Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin-Based Ionic Liquid Liposomes for Application in Psoriasis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5864-5873. [PMID: 38047528 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
To improve the permeation of curcumin, we prepared curcumin-based ionic liquid (Cur-Bet-IL) (IL formed using curcumin succinic anhydride and betaine) from curcumin by combining theoretical calculation and experimental research and then prepared curcumin-based ionic liquid liposome (Cur-Bet-IL-Lip). The Cur-Bet-IL-Lip has good stability (stored for 10 days without significant changes) and biocompatibility, which encompasses not only the properties of curcumin but also the characteristics of ionic liquids and liposomes. Cur-Bet-IL-Lip can penetrate the stratum corneum and deliver curcumin to the epidermis and dermis of the skin, and the cumulative permeability of curcumin after 24 h was 49%. Compared to Cur-Bet-IL, Cur-Bet-IL-Lip has a good uptake ability on human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells (1.87-fold), which can reduce the expression of TNF-α (1.59-fold), IL-1β (1.19-fold), IL-17A (1.53-fold), IL-17F (1.18-fold), and IL-22 (1.49-fold) in HaCaT cells and then increase the expression of collagen-I (1.14-fold). Therefore, Cur-Bet-IL-Lip has guiding significance in improving the solubility and permeation of insoluble drugs, which also provides a potential value for the clinical application of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- Department of Shenzhen People's Hospital Geriatrics Center, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
- Department of Shenzhen People's Hospital Geriatrics Center, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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He W. Editorial of Special Column on Delivery Nanotechnologies to Modulate the Immune System and Combat Inflammation and Infection. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2296-2297. [PMID: 37425045 PMCID: PMC10326291 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
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