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Zhang C, Wang X, Cai G, Wang H, Liu Q, Ma S, Sun H, An Y, Miao M, Yin S, Liu P, Wang X, Wang J. Targeting KPNB1 with genkwadaphnin suppresses gastric cancer progression through the Nur77-mediated signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176697. [PMID: 38823760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a global challenge due to the lack of early detection and precision therapies. Genkwadaphnin (DD1), a natural diterpene isolated from the bud of Flos GenkWa (Thymelaeaceae), serves as a Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of DD1 in both cell culture and animal models. Our findings reveal that KPNB1, a protein involved in nuclear import, was highly expressed in GC tissues and associated with a poor prognosis in patients. We demonstrated that DD1, alongside the established KPNB1 inhibitor importazole (IPZ), inhibited GC cell proliferation and tumor growth by enhancing both genomic and non-genomic activity of Nur77. DD1 and IPZ reduced the interaction between KPNB1 and Nur77, resulting in Nur77 cytoplasmic accumulation and triggering mitochondrial apoptosis. The inhibitors also increased the expression of the Nur77 target apoptotic genes ATF3, RB1CC1 and PMAIP1, inducing apoptosis in GC cell. More importantly, loss of Nur77 effectively rescued the inhibitory effect of DD1 and IPZ on GC cells in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this study, we for the first time explored the relationship between KPNB1 and Nur77, and found KPNB1 inhibition could significantly increase the expression of Nur77. Moreover, we investigated the function of KPNB1 in GC for the first time, and the results suggested that KPNB1 could be a potential target for cancer therapy, and DD1 might be a prospective therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education), School of Clinical Medicine, Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Guodi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Huizi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yana An
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Miaomiao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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Zhang W, Wang H, Luo Z, Jian Y, Gong C, Wang H, Lin X, Liu M, Wang Y, Shao H. Hitchhiking of Cas9 with nucleus-localized proteins impairs its controllability and leads to efficient genome editing of NLS-free Cas9. Mol Ther 2024; 32:920-934. [PMID: 38341611 PMCID: PMC11163216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is the most commonly used genome-editing tool in eukaryotic cells. To modulate Cas9 entry into the nucleus to enable control of genome editing, we constructed a light-controlled CRISPR-Cas9 system to control exposure of the Cas9 protein nuclear localization signal (NLS). Although blue-light irradiation was found to effectively control the entry of Cas9 protein into the nucleus with confocal microscopy observation, effective gene editing occurred in controls with next-generation sequencing analysis. To further clarify this phenomenon, a CRISPR-Cas9 editing system without the NLS and a CRISPR-Cas9 editing system containing a nuclear export signal were also constructed. Interestingly, both Cas9 proteins could achieve effective editing of target sites with significantly reduced off-target effects. Thus, we speculated that other factors might mediate Cas9 entry into the nucleus. However, NLS-free Cas9 was found to produce effective target gene editing even following inhibition of cell mitosis to prevent nuclear import caused by nuclear membrane disassembly. Furthermore, multiple nucleus-localized proteins were found to interact with Cas9, which could mediate the "hitchhiking" of NLS-free Cas9 into the nucleus. These findings will inform future attempts to construct controllable gene-editing systems and provide new insights into the evolution of the nucleus and compatible protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Haozheng Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongtao Luo
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Jian
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Gong
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Liu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yangmin Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Yao Y, Chen X, Wang X, Li H, Zhu Y, Li X, Xiao Z, Zi T, Qin X, Zhao Y, Yang T, Wang L, Wu G, Fang X, Wu D. Glycolysis related lncRNA SNHG3 / miR-139-5p / PKM2 axis promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development and enzalutamide resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129635. [PMID: 38266860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by the anti-androgen drug enzalutamide (Enz) may improve the survival level of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), most patients may eventually fail due to the acquired resistance. The reprogramming of glucose metabolism is one type of the paramount hallmarks of cancers. PKM2 (Pyruvate kinase isozyme typeM2) is a speed-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic mechanism, and has high expression in a variety of cancers. Emerging evidence has unveiled that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have impact on tumor development and therapeutic efficacy by regulating PKM2 expression. Herein, we found that lncRNA SNHG3, a highly expressed lncRNA in CRPC via bioinformatics analysis, promoted the invasive ability and the Enz resistance of the PCa cells. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that glucose metabolic process was tightly correlated with lncRNA SNHG3 level, suggesting lncRNA SNHG3 may affect glucose metabolism. Indeed, glucose uptake and lactate content determinations confirmed that lncRNA SNHG3 promoted the process of glycolysis. Mechanistic dissection demonstrated that lncRNA SNHG3 facilitated the advance of CRPC by adjusting the expression of PKM2. Further explorations unraveled the role of lncRNA SNHG3 as a 'sponge' of miR-139-5p and released its binding with PKM2 mRNA, leading to PKM2 up-regulation. Together, Our studies suggest that lncRNA SNHG3 / miR-139-5p / PKM2 pathway promotes the development of CRPC via regulating glycolysis process and provides valuable insight into a novel therapeutic approach for the disordered disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Yao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin'an Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xilei Li
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Zi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
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