A simple straightforward thermal decomposition synthesis of PEG-covered Gd 2 O 3 (Gd 2 O 3 @PEG) nanoparticles

Gd-MOF-Derived GdS/C for the Modification of Separators in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Because of its excellent energy density and specific capacity, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage devices. However, the shuttle effect and slow transformation of polysulfides hinder their practical application. To address the shuttle effect, we used a Gd-MOF precursor for high-temperature carbonization to obtain GdS@C composite as a modification layer for LSB separators. The strong affinity of metal sulfide to sulfur enhances the chemical anchoring of polysulfides and catalyzes their transformation. By employing GdS@C as the separator modification material, we effectively suppressed the shuttle effect and improved electrochemical performance. Under a sulfur load of 3 mg cm-2, the initial discharge specific capacity with GdS@C-modified separator was 888.9 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C; after 500 cycles, it remained at 435.6 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention rate of 49.0%. With an increased sulfur loading to 5 mg cm-2, the first cycle discharge specific capacity at 0.1 C reached 908.4 mAh g-1; after 100 cycles, it was still at 743.9 mAh g-1 with an impressive retention rate of 81.9%. These results demonstrate that GdS@C composite material significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of LSBs and showcases its broad application potential.

An Overview of Nanomaterial Applications in Pharmacology

Nanotechnology has become one of the most extensive fields of research. Nanoparticles (NPs) form the base for nanotechnology. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used due to flexible chemical, biological, and physical characteristics with improved efficacy in comparison to bulk counterparts. The significance of each class of NMs is enhanced by identifying their properties. Day by day, there is an emergence of various applications of NMs, but the toxic effects associated with them cannot be avoided. NMs demonstrate therapeutic abilities by enhancing the drug delivery system, diagnosis, and therapeutic effects of numerous agents, but determining the benefits of NMs over other clinical applications (disease-specific) or substances is an ongoing investigation. This review is aimed at defining NMs and NPs and their types, synthesis, and pharmaceutical, biomedical, and clinical applications.