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Zhao M, Luo A, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Luo L, Jiang Y, Tang J, Lu Z, Guan T, Chen L, Sun H, Dai C. Evolution characteristics of micromechanics provides insights into the microstructure of pharmaceutical tablets fabricated by bimodal mixtures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20247. [PMID: 37985686 PMCID: PMC10662154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the evolution of mechanical behavior of bimodal mixtures undergoing compaction and diametrical compression. The clusters were built and discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the densification process and micromechanics of bimodal mixtures. Additionally, a more comprehensive investigate of the respective breakage of the bimodal mixtures has been carried out. On this basis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compressive force, force chain, contact bonds and density field evolution characteristics of the clusters are investigated during the compression process. The entire loading process of the clusters is divided into three stages: rearrangement, breakage and elastic-plastic deformation. Additionally, there are differences in the evolution of micromechanics behavior of different particles in the bimodal mixture, with pregelatinized starch breakage and deformation occurring before microcrystalline cellulose. With the tablet deformation, the fragmentation process of the tablet started at the point of contact and extended toward the center, and the curvature of the force chain increased. This approach may potentially hold a valuable new information relevant to important transformation forms batch manufacturing to advanced manufacturing for the oral solid dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Anqi Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zeng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Linxiu Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanling Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jincao Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tianbing Guan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuanyun Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganisms, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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2
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Shi C, Zhao H, Fang Y, Shen L, Zhao L. Lactose in tablets: Functionality, critical material attributes, applications, modifications and co-processed excipients. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103696. [PMID: 37419210 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is one of the most widespread excipients used in the pharmaceutical industry. Because of its water solubility and acceptable flowability, lactose is generally added into tablet formulation to improve wettability and undesirable flowability. Based on Quality by Design, a better understanding of the critical material attributes (CMAs) of raw materials is beneficial in guiding the improvement of tablet quality and the development of lactose. Additionally, the modifications and co-processing of lactose can introduce more-desirable characteristics to the resulting particles. This review focuses on the functionality, CMAs, applications, modifications and co-processing of lactose in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haiyue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ying Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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3
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Yogi J, Dubey P, Verma SK, Kumar S, Anand A. Cumulative effect of particle properties on mixing of multi-component mixture in a vibrated packed bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Barik SK, Lad V, Sreedhar I, Patel CM. Investigation of mass discharge rate, velocity, and segregation behaviour of microcrystalline cellulose powder from a Copley flow tester. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Shi Q, Sakai M. Recent progress on the discrete element method simulations for powder transport systems: A review. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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6
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Zheng C, Yost E, Muliadi AR, Govender N, Zhang L, Wu CY. Numerical analysis of die filling with a forced feeder using GPU-enhanced discrete element methods. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121861. [PMID: 35643345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding die filling behaviour of powders is critical in developing optimal formulation and processes in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In this paper, forced die filling is analysed using a graphics processing unit (GPU) based discrete element method (DEM), for which a powder feeder equipped with a wired stirrer is considered. The influences of operating parameters, such as the initial powder bed height, the filling speed, and the stirrer speed, on the die filling performance are systematically explored. It is shown that a larger initial powder bed height leads to a higher filling ratio, which can be attributed to a higher filling intensity; while the deposited particle mass in the die is almost independent of the powder bed height, when the initial fill level is larger than a critical bed height. Additionally, the filling ratio slightly increases with the increase of stirrer speed for cases with a stirrer, while the filling ratios are lower than that without a stirrer, which is attributed to the stirrer occupying some space above the die and reducing the effective discharge area. The obtained results can provide useful information for optimising the feeder system design and the operating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Yost
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ariel R Muliadi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicolin Govender
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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7
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Zhao LL, Duan CL, Jiang HS, Li HX, Zhao YM, Zheng QJ. DEM simulation of size segregation of binary mixtures of cohesive particles under a horizontal swirling vibration. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zimmermann M, Raffel C, Bartsch J, Thommes M. Simulation of Powder Flow Behavior in an Artificial Feed Frame Using an Euler‐Euler Model. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Zimmermann
- TU Dortmund University Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Carola Raffel
- TU Dortmund University Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jens Bartsch
- TU Dortmund University Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Markus Thommes
- TU Dortmund University Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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Yogi J, Verma SK, Kumar S, Anand A. Experimental Study of Mixing of Nonspherical Particles in a Vibrated Packed Bed Mixer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeetram Yogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Anshu Anand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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10
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Jakubowska E, Ciepluch N. Blend Segregation in Tablets Manufacturing and Its Effect on Drug Content Uniformity-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111909. [PMID: 34834324 PMCID: PMC8620778 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Content uniformity (CU) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a critical quality attribute of tablets as a dosage form, ensuring reproducible drug potency. Failure to meet the accepted uniformity in the final product may be caused either by suboptimal mixing and insufficient initial blend homogeneity, or may result from further particle segregation during storage, transfer or the compression process itself. This review presents the most relevant powder segregation mechanisms in tablet manufacturing and summarizes the currently available, up-to-date research on segregation and uniformity loss at the various stages of production process—the blend transfer from the bulk container to the tablet press, filling and discharge from the feeding hopper, as well as die filling. Formulation and processing factors affecting the occurrence of segregation and tablets’ CU are reviewed and recommendations for minimizing the risk of content uniformity failure in tablets are considered herein, including the perspective of continuous manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Jakubowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Ciepluch
- Department of Medical Rescue, Chair of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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11
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Furukawa R, Singh R, Ierapetritou M. Experimental investigation and modelling of tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on shear force applied by feed frame paddles. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120908. [PMID: 34298106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The feed frame is an essential device used in a rotary tablet press and it improves the performance of the powder filling process into dies. However, the feed frame affects critical quality attributes such as a tensile strength and a dissolution negatively due to a shear applied to powders from feed frame paddles, leading to over-lubrication. This effects may be significant for shear sensitive materials. The work focuses on the effect of tablet press parameters (die disk speed and feed frame speed) and mixture composition (amount of magnesium stearate) on the tensile strength and the prediction of the tensile strength by considering the extent of shear. It is found that within the investigated range of tablet press parameters and the amount of magnesium stearate, the feed frame speed and the amount of magnesium stearate have an impact on the tensile strength. Furthermore, a lubrication model based on the extent of shear is presented to predict the decreasing trend of the tensile strength of tablets during tableting process and the results demonstrate that the prediction of tensile strength is in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Furukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 3-16-89, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8505, Japan
| | - Ravendra Singh
- Engineering Research Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems (C-SOPS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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12
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Zhong WZ, Zakhvatayeva A, Zhang L, Wu CY. Powder flow during linear and rotary die filling. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120654. [PMID: 33915183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, linear die filling is widely employed in R&D, while rotary die filling is very common in commercial production. It is not clear if powder die filling behaviour in a linear die filling system is representative of the flow performance in a rotary tablet press. In this study, a linear die filling system and a rotary die filling system were used to examine flow behaviours of both poor-flowing and free-flowing powders. It was found that the performance of poor-flowing powder in the linear die filling system is slightly better than that in the rotary die filling system, while the performance of free-flowing powders in the linear die filling system is similar to that in the rotary die filling system. Hence, it is suitable to use the linear die filling system to estimate the flow behaviour during rotary die filling with free-flowing powders, but caution needs to be taken when poor-flowing powders are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhen Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | | | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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13
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Xu Z, Yoshinaga S, Tsunazawa Y, Tokoro C. Numerical investigation of segregation behavior of multi-sized particles during pharmaceutical mini-tablet die filling. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Furukawa R, Singh R, Ierapetritou M. Effect of material properties on the residence time distribution (RTD) of a tablet press feed frame. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Udono H. Numerical investigations of strong hydrodynamic interaction between neighboring particles inertially driven in microfluidic flows. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Two-dimensional oscillatory motion of inertially focused particles in microfluidic flows. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Ramírez-Aragón C, Alba-Elías F, González-Marcos A, Ordieres-Meré J. Improving the feeder shoe design of an eccentric tablet press machine. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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19
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Hildebrandt C, Gopireddy SR, Scherließ R, Urbanetz NA. A DEM approach to assess the influence of the paddle wheel shape on force feeding during pharmaceutical tableting. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Zhao LL, Li YW, Yang XD, Jiao Y, Hou QF. DEM study of size segregation of wet particles under vertical vibration. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Investigation of powder flow within a pharmaceutical tablet press force feeder – A DEM approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Assessment of material and process attributes' influence on tablet quality using a QbD and DEM combined approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Queteschiner D, Lichtenegger T, Pirker S, Schneiderbauer S. Multi-level coarse-grain model of the DEM. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Hildebrandt C, Gopireddy SR, Scherließ R, Urbanetz N. Numerical Analysis of the Die Filling Process Within a Pharmaceutical Tableting Machine. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hildebrandt
- Kiel University; Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics; Grasweg 9a 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Srikanth R. Gopireddy
- Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH; Pharmaceutical Development; Luitpoldstraße 1 85276 Pfaffenhofen Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Kiel University; Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics; Grasweg 9a 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nora Urbanetz
- Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH; Pharmaceutical Development; Luitpoldstraße 1 85276 Pfaffenhofen Germany
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